PAGEPAGEiii題目AReportontheTranslationofOnWomenAcknowledgmentsIwouldliketoextendmygratitudetoallofthosewhodirectlyorindirectlyhelpedmeduringthewritingofthistranslationreport.Firstofall,mysupervisor,AssociateProfessorWangWenming,aresponsiblescholar,deservesmydeepestgratitude,forhisvaluableguidanceandwarmencouragement.Withouthisconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisreportcouldhavenotreacheditspresentform.Additionally,mythanksgotoallteachersinSchoolofForeignLanguagesfortheirenlighteninglectures,whichinspiremealot.Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketoshowmysinceregratitudetomybelovedfamilyandfriendsfortheirsupportandcare.Abstract:Thisisatranslationprojectreport.ThesourcetextisapartofTheodoreRoosevelt:anAmericanMind:aselectionfromhiswritings,whichincludestheexperiencesandthoughtsofTheodoreRoosevelt,whowastheyoungestpresidentofAmerica.ThechosenpartisChapterTenOnWomen(about6,200words).Itcontainsthreeparts:WomenandtheHome,WomeninScienceandTheParasiteWomen:TheOnlyIndispensableCitizen.Inthistranslationprojectreport,thewriterwillanalyzethecommonproblemsoftranslatingargumentativewritingbyusingthetheoryofThematicProgressionandtrytoprovidesolutionsfromtheviewoftextualcoherence.Thereportconsistsoffivechapters.Thefirstchapterintroducesthesignificanceofthetranslationproject,aswellastheobjectivesandstructureofthereport.Thesecondchapteristheanalysisofthesourcetext,includingitsauthor,contentandstyle.ThechapterthreegivesthetheoryofThematicProgressionanditsapplicationontranslation.ChapterFourdiscussesdifficultiesintranslatingandgivescorrespondingsolutions.Thelastchapterisasummaryoftheunsolvedproblemsintranslating,thelessonslearntfromthisexperienceandtherequiredqualities,aswellastheabilities,forbeingatranslator.Keywords:translationprojectreport;ThematicProgression;TheodoreRoosevelt;argumentativewritingPAGEPAGEiv摘要：本文是一篇翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告。翻譯的原文本選自《羅斯福文選》(TheodoreRoosevelt:anAmericanMind:aselectionfromhiswritings)，該書收錄了美國(guó)歷史上最年輕的總統(tǒng)西奧多?羅斯福在不同時(shí)期所寫的文章，內(nèi)容涉及其經(jīng)歷和其對(duì)一些事物的看法。此次翻譯內(nèi)容為第十章《談女性》(OnWomen)，約6200字。該章分為三小節(jié)，分別是《女性與家庭》(WomenandtheHome)、《科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的女性》(WomeninScience)和《“寄生蟲女性？”唯一一類不可或缺的女性！》(TheParasiteWomen:TheOnlyIndispensableCitizen)。在本篇翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告中，筆者將用主位推進(jìn)模式對(duì)論證性文本翻譯中的普遍問題進(jìn)行分析，嘗試從語篇連貫方面提出相應(yīng)的解決方法。本篇翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告主要由五個(gè)章節(jié)構(gòu)成。第一章為引言部分，筆者將對(duì)本次翻譯實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的重要性、翻譯報(bào)告的目的及結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行闡述。第二章包括對(duì)原文本作者、內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格的分析。第三章介紹主位推進(jìn)模式及其在翻譯中的應(yīng)用。第四章探討翻譯過程中的難點(diǎn)及相應(yīng)的解決方法。第五章對(duì)翻譯實(shí)踐中未解決的問題進(jìn)行相關(guān)思考，總結(jié)此次翻譯實(shí)踐對(duì)今后學(xué)習(xí)及工作的啟示，探討譯者需具備的素質(zhì)和能力。關(guān)鍵詞：翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告；主位推進(jìn)模式；西奧多·羅斯福；論述文Contents1.Introduction 12.AnalysisoftheSourceText 22.1Abouttheauthor 22.2Aboutthecontent 32.3Aboutthestyle 43.TranslationTheoryandApplication 43.1Introductionofthematicprogression 53.1.1Theconceptofthematicprogression 53.1.2Thefourpatternsofthematicprogression 63.2Theapplicationofthematicprogressioninthetranslationproject 93.2.1Keepingtheoriginalpatternofthematicprogression 103.2.2ChangingtheoriginalTPpatternintoanotherone 113.3Theapplicationofthematicprogressioninargumentativewriting 124.DifficultiesandCorrespondingSolutionsintheTranslationProject 134.1Before-translating 134.2While-translating 144.2.1Thechoiceofwords 144.2.2Thestructureofsentences 144.2.3Thecohesionofparagraphs 165.Conclusion 16Bibliography 18AppendixⅠSourceText 20AppendixⅡ中文譯文 37PAGE481.IntroductionAtranslationreportisthestatementandsummaryofthewholetranslationactivitybyusingtheacademiclanguage(宋楠,2015:126).ThesourcetextisadaptedfromTheodoreRoosevelt:anAmericanMind:aselectionfromhiswritings,whichiseditedandintroducedbyMarioR.DiNunzio.ThebookwaspublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySt.Martin’sPress,1994.Therearetwelvechaptersinit.ThetranslatorhasselectedthetenthchapterOnWomenasthematerialtobetranslated.Thesourcetextisapproximately6,200words.It’sofsignificancetotranslateTheodoreRoosevelt’sarticle.Firstandforemost,peoplecanlearnabouttheAmericanspiritandculturefromTheodoreRoosevelt’sliterarywork.HisworkdefinitelycangiveexplanationstosomeofthebehaviorsinAmericansociety.Specifically,peoplecanhaveadeeperunderstandingofwomen’sdutiesandrightsbyreadingthismaterial.Besides,itismeaningfultoresearchonTheodoreRoosevelt’sargumentativewritings,e.g.,thematerialselectedtobetranslatedinthistranslationreport,fortheyarelogicalandreasoningenoughtobetherepresentativesoftheargumentativewritings.Lastbutnotleast,itisanexcellentpracticingmaterialfortranslating.AsastudentwhosemajorisEnglish,thetranslatorhaslearntalotfromthisproject.Inpreparation,thetranslatorsearchforinformationrelevanttothistranslationprojectbyreadingbooksandarticles.Shewasrequiredtohavecertainacquaintanceoftherelatedfieldandimproveherskillsforsearchingandintegratinginformation.Intheprocessoftranslating,thetranslatorhadtocarefullyanalyzethetextintermsofcontentandstyle.Bydoingso,shecanadoptthespecificstrategiesoftranslation,whichwereacquiredfromarticlesandbooks.Whiletheworkisdone,thetranslatorhasalreadylearnthowtocombinetheorywithpractice.TheprojecthasbroadenedheroutlookandstrengthenedherEnglishskillsaswell.Thereportismadeoffivechapters.InChapterOne,thereisanintroductionwhichincludesthesignificanceoftheprojectandthestructureofthereport.InChapterTwo,itgivesananalysisofthemaincontentandstyleofthesourcetext.InChapterThree,itisabouttheintroductionandapplicationofthethematicprogressioninthistranslationreport.InChapterFour,itfocusesonthedifficultiesintranslatingthesourcetextandisaboutthecorrespondingsolutionswhichthetranslatorhadused.InChapterFive,itconcludesthelessons,experiencesandunsolvedproblemsofthetranslationproject.Andthereisadiscussionoftherequiredqualityandabilityofbeingatranslator.2.AnalysisoftheSourceTextAcarefulanalysisofthesourcetextisthefoundationofanexcellenttranslation.Inthistranslationreport,thesourcetextwillbeanalyzedfromthreeaspects:itsauthor,contentandstyle.Generally,thetranslatorcouldknowhowtotranslateinanappropriatewaybylearningabouttheauthor’sidentityandexperiences.Learningaboutthecontentisthebasicstageoftranslatingexactlyandcorrectly.Analyzingthestyleofthesourcetextensuresthetranslatedversionaccurateasawhole.2.1AbouttheauthorTheauthorofthechosentextisTheodoreRoosevelt,bynamesTeddyRooseveltandTR.HewasbornonOctober27,1858anddiedonJanuary6.Hewasthe26thpresidentoftheUnitedStates(1901-09)andawriter,naturalist,andsoldier.Inpollsofhistoriansandpoliticalscientists,Rooseveltisgenerallyrankedasoneofthefivebestpresidents.HebecamePresidentatage42,remainingtheyoungestpersontobecomePresidentoftheUnitedStates.AsaleaderoftheProgressiveMovement,hechampionedhis"SquareDeal"domesticpolicies,promisingtheaveragecitizenfairness,breakingoftrusts,regulationofrailroads,andpurefoodanddrugs.Makingconservationatoppriority,heestablishedmanynewnationalparks,forests,andmonumentsintendedtopreservethenation'snaturalresources.Inforeignpolicy,hefocusedonCentralAmerica,wherehebeganconstructionofthePanamaCanal.HeexpandedtheNavyandsenttheGreatWhiteFleetonaworldtourtoprojecttheUnitedStates'navalpoweraroundtheglobe.HissuccessfuleffortstobreaktheendoftheRusso-JapaneseWarwonhimthe1906NobelPeacePrize.Inthematterofliterature,hisbook,TheNavalWarof1812,establishedhisreputationasbothalearnedhistorianandasapopularwriter.2.2AboutthecontentTheselectedtexttobetranslatedisthetenthchapterOnWomenofthebookTheodoreRoosevelt:anAmericanMind:aselectionfromhiswritings.TherearethreepartsinthischapterandthetitleofeachisWomenandtheHome,WomeninScienceandTheParasiteWomen:TheOnlyIndispensableCitizenrespectively.InPartOne,TheodoreRoosevelttalkedaboutwomen’srolesinfamilies.Inthefirstplace,hepointedoutitwastheaveragefamily,theaveragemanandwomanandtheirchildrenthatdecidedhowthenationwouldbe.Additionally,heheldtheopinionthatthegreatestdutyforthewomanwastobethehelpmate,thehousewifeandmother.Atthesametime,theprimarydutyofthehusbandwastobethehome-makerandthebread-winnerforhiswifeandchildren.Withregardtotheworkofthewoman,Rooseveltshowedhisgreatestrespectsincethedutywashardandtheresponsibilitywasgreat.Besides,inthematterofmarriage,heregardeditasapartnership,inwhicheachpartnerisequaltotheotherintermsofrights.Whentalkingaboutbringingupchildren,headvocatedmotherstobelovingandtender,aswellaswiseandfirm.Lastbutnotleast,heencouragedfamiliestorearmorethantwochildreninthatthechildinthefamilyofmorethantwochildrencanbebetterbroughtupthaninthetwo-childfamilyorthefamilywithonlyonechild.Hethoughtthatonlyinthiswaycouldaraceincrease.InPartTwo,Rooseveltcalledfortheequalityofrightsandopportunitybetweenmenandwomen.Hepointedoutthatwomencoulddojustaswellasmeninscience.Andtheiracquirementsofrightswouldnotabsolvethemfromtheperformanceofduties.InPartThree,TRinsistedthatmarriagemustbeafullpartnershipofsharingbetweenmanandwoman,notamale-dominatedrelationship.Itwasdefinitelywrongoftheassertionmadethatthewomanwhoseprimarylife-workwastakingcareofherhomeandchildrenwassomehowa“parasitewoman”.Thoughthewomandidnotearnherlivelihoodandthelivelihoodofthefamilyastheman,shewasequaltothemanwhenitcomestorights.Becausetheworkofwoman,workofkeepingthehomeandbearingandrearingherchildren,wasasimportantasthatofmen’s.2.3AboutthestyleThetypeofthesourcetextisargumentativewriting,whichaimsatpresentingobjectiveanalysisofthesubjectmatterbysufficientevidence,relevanttothepoint.Argumentativewritingrepresentsaccuracyofexpression,generalityofruleandvitalityofreasoning.Inthesourcetext,thewriterexpressedhisopinionsonwomanwithstronginternallogicandsharpstructure.Thewordingofthetextissimplebutaccurate.Thelanguageisconciseandprecise.Meanwhile,thewriterusedmanylongsentences,fortheexpressioncouldbeaccurateandopinionscouldnotbedistorted.Duetothis,thetranslatorisrequiredtounderstandthoselongsentencesintherightway.Besides,sheshouldadoptcorrespondingtranslationskillstomakethetranslatedversionreadableandinthesamestyleastheoriginaltext.3.TranslationTheoryandApplicationTherelationbetweenthetheory(includingthepuretheory)andtheapplicationisnotsimply“guideandbeingguided”.Indeed,therelationisinteractivebetweenthepuretheory,theappliedtheoryandtheapplication(曹明倫,2014:187).Inthetranslationreport,thetranslatortransplantsthetheoryofthematicprogressioninthefunctionallinguisticsintothetranslationprojectasanapproachofanalyzingtextualcoherence.Thischapterincludestheintroductionofthematicprogressionandtheapplicationofthetheory.3.1IntroductionofthematicprogressionAsafunctionalresourceinanalyzingtexts,thematicprogressionexertsaconsiderableinfluenceonthetranslatingprocess.Inatext,textureinvolvesmorethanthepresenceofsemanticrelationsofthekindwerefertoascohesive,thedependenceofoneelementonanotherforitsinterpretation.Italsoinvolvessomedegreeofcoherenceintheactualmeaningsexpressed:notonlyinthecontextbutalsointotalselectionfromthesemanticresourcesofthelanguage(HuifengLi,YuanyuanLiu,2005:57).ThethematicprogressionenjoysthefunctionofdeconstructinginEnglish-Chinesetranslation(王斌,2000:35).Thatisthereasonwhythetranslatorchoseitastheguidingtheoryforthetranslationproject.3.1.1TheconceptofthematicprogressionThemeandrhemearetwotermswhichrepresentthewayinwhichinformationisdistributedinasentence.TheThemeisthestartingpointofamessage,thatwhichtheclauseisabout(Halliday,2014:89).ItisfollowedbytheRheme,whichispartoftheassemblyofthenewinformationthatthetextoffers”(Cummings,2003:133).TheThemeextendsfromthebeginningofaclauseupto(andincluding)thefirstelementthathasafunctionintransitivity.ThismeansthattheThemeofaclauseendswiththefirstconstituentthatisparticipant,circumstance,orprocess,whichisreferredtoasthetopicalTheme(WeiJing,2015:180).TheboundarybetweenThemeandRhemeissimple:themeisthefirstelementoccurringinaclause;theremainderclauseisrheme.Forexample:ThemeRhemeThelionbeattheunicornallroundthetown.Allroundthetownthelionbeattheunicorn.However,theunicornstilldidnotwanttobowtothelion.Wouldtheunicorngiveintothelion.Whentheliongottothebattlefieldtheunicornwasreadyforthebattle.Whenconstructingacertaintext,thespeakerorwriterdoesnotrandomlyarrangetheirthemeandrheme.Infact,thearrangementsofthemeandrhemealwaysfollowsomepatterns.Andthispatterniscalledpatternsofthematicprogression.ItislinguistFrantisekDaneswhoputsforwardtheconceptsofTPpatternsforthefirsttime(HaigangLi,2011:16).Hestatesthattheorganizationofinformationintextsisdeterminedbytheprogressioninthesequenceofutteranceofthemesandtheircorrespondingrhemes,andthisprogressionbetweenthesuccessivethemesandrhemescanbedefinedasTP(Danes,1974:28).Hefocusesonthechoiceandorderingofutterancethemes,theirmutualconcatenationandhierarchy,aswellastheirrelationshiptothehyperthemesofthesuperiortextunits(suchasparagraph,chapter),tothewholeoftext,andtothesituation(Danes,1974:114).HedefinesthiskindofcomplicatedthematicrelationshipasTPpatterns.Inotherwords,thethematicprogressionstructurallyreflectstheinternalorganizationofthegiventext.Itisconcernedwiththewayinwhichthetextdevelops.ThematicprogressionisconcernedwithwhereThemescomefrom--howtheyrelatetootherThemesandRhemesinthetext.Whenworkingonatranslationproject,thetranslatoroftenregardstextsasbasicunitsoftranslating.Thesourcelanguageisnaturallydividedintoshorttexts,andtextualmeaningisnaturallydisplayedinutterancesofsourcelanguageandversionoftargetlanguage.Thematicprogressioncontributestothestructuringofinformationinatext,thatistosay,inacohesivetextthedistributionofgivenandnewinformationneedstofollowcertainTPpatterns.Inotherwords,thematicprogressionactsasabridgebetweensentencelevelandtextlevel,coordinatingcohesionandcoherence.Therefore,itisfeasibletoapplyTPpatternstoanalyzethetextsintheprocessoftranslating.3.1.2ThefourpatternsofthematicprogressionTheclassificationofTPpatternsvariesfromdifferentlinguists.Danespostulatesthreebasicthematicprogressionpatternsfromanalysisofscientificandotherprofessionaltexts:linearprogression,constantprogressionandTPwithderivedTheme(Danes,1974:119).AndhefurtherproposedthatthesebasictypesofTPmaybeemployedinvariouscombinations,someofwhichcouldrevealacertainregularpatternandmaybeconsideredasTPpatternsofahigherorder,whichisalsofurtherdevelopedbyotherscholars.TheChinesescholarXuShenghengputsforwardfourmainpatternsofTP,whileHuangYansuggestssevenpatternsofTP(楊常倩、范頭姣,2001:69).Therearereasonsforeachwayofclassifying.Butifcarefulattentionispaidtothecoherenceandminorsemanticdistinctionisneglected,therearefourmainpatternsofTP.TheyareConstantThemePattern,ConstantRhemePattern,LinearThemePatternandCrossThemePattern.ConstantThemePatternmeansthatacommonThemeissharedbyallclausesandthisThemeequateswithgiveninformation.Underthispattern,thethemeinthefirstsentencewillbecometherhemeinthesecondone.Andthenthethemeinthesecondsentencewillbecometherhemeinthethirdone,andsoon.Forexample:Mybrother(T1)isinJapan(R1).He(T1=T1)hasbeentherefortwoyears(R2).He(T3=T1)isanengineer(R3).He(T4=T1)isworkingforabigcompany(R4).ConstantThemePatterninvolvesthefollowingrelations:T1——R1

︱

T2(=T1)——R2

︱

T3(=T1)——R3

...

Tn(=T1)——Rn

ConstantRhemePatternindicatesthatacommonRhemeissharedbyallclausesinthispattern,andthisRhemeequateswithnewinformation.E.g.,John(T1)likesfootball(R1).Jim(T2)likesfootball(R2=R1).Everyboystudentsinmyclass(T3)likefootball(R3=R1).Itcontainsthefollowingrelations:T1——R1

︱

T2——R2(=R1)

︱

T3——R3(=R1)

..

.

Tn——Rn(=R1)LinearThemePatternimpliesthattheThemeofasentenceinthispatternisidenticalwithRhemeoftheprevioussentence,whereasitsRhemeconstitutestheThemeofthefollowingsentence.Inotherwords,underthispattern,therhemeoronepartoftherhemeintheformersentencebecomesthethemeforthenextclause.Seethefollowingexample:We(T1)visitedtheGreatWall(R1).TheGreatWall(T2=R1)isinthenorthernpartofChina(R2).China(T3=R2)haswitnessedmanychangessincetheGreatWallwasbuilt(R3).Therelationscanbeshowedasfollows:T1——R1

∣

T2(=R1)——R2

.

.

.

Tn(=Rn-1)——Rn

CrossThemePatternmeansthatthethemeinthefirstsentencewillbecometherhemeinthesecondone.Andthenthethemeinthesecondsentencewillbecometherhemeinthethirdone,andsoon.E.g.:Theplay(T1)wasinteresting(R1),butI(T1)didn’tenjoyit(R2=T1).Ayoungmanandayoungwoman(T3)troubledme(R3=T2).I(T4)turnedroundandlookedatthem(R4=T3),butthey(T5)didn’tpayanyattentiontome(R5=T4).Itinvolvesthefollowingrelations:T1——R1

︱

T2——R2

.

.

.

Tn——Rn(=Tn-1)

3.2TheapplicationofthematicprogressioninthetranslationprojectTranslationisaprocessofdeliveringinformationbetweentwolanguagesandfromtheperspectiveofthematicprogressionthetranslatorcangetthesameeffectwiththeeffectofwriter’sthinkingprocess.Thechoiceofthemedecidesthedirectionofthetextdevelopment(汪燕華,2000:125).Apparently,twolanguagesdifferfromeachotherinmanyaspects.Forinstance,thetwolanguagesinthetranslationprojectareEnglishandChinese.EnglishissubjectprominentlanguagewhileChineseistopic-prominentlanguage(Li&Thompson,1976:10).Butthereisapossibilitytotranslatethesetwobyapplyingthetheoryofthematicprogression.Becausetoalargeextent,thesentenceconstitutesofChinesesentencescanbetranslatedintoThemeandRhemeofEnglishsentences.Therearetwomethodsintranslationwhenapplyingthetheoryofthematicprogressionaccordingtothespecificcondition.Oneiskeepingtheoriginalpatternofthematicprogression.Theotherischangingtheoriginalpatternintoanotherone.3.2.1KeepingtheoriginalpatternofthematicprogressionGenerally,thereisaspecificpatternofthematicprogressioninatext.OncethetextcanberesortedtoaspecificTPpattern,thetranslatorwilltrytokeeptheoriginalpatterninthetranslatedversion.Therefore,somesentencescanbetranslatedasfollows:Example1:ST:Therearecertainoldtruthswhichwillbetrueaslongasthisworldendures,andwhichnoamountofprogresscanalter.Oneoftheseisthetruththattheprimarydutyofthehusbandistobethehome-maker,thebread-winnerforhiswifeandchildren,andthattheprimarydutyofthewomenistobethehelpmate,thehousewife,andmother.TT:只要這個(gè)世界還存在，有些古老的真理就永遠(yuǎn)是真理，任何進(jìn)步都無法改變這一事實(shí)。真理之一是：丈夫的主要職責(zé)是養(yǎng)家糊口，做妻子和孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱，而女人的主要職責(zé)是做幫手、家庭主婦和母親。Analysis:Therearecertainoldtruths(R1)whichwillbetrueaslongasthisworldendures,andwhichnoamountofprogresscanalter.Oneofthese(T2=R1)isthetruththattheprimarydutyofthehusbandistobethehome-maker,thebread-winnerforhiswifeandchildren,andthattheprimarydutyofthewomenistobethehelpmate,thehousewife,andmother.TheTPpatternofitislinearthemepattern.Thetranslatorthoughtitwasfeasibletokeeptheoriginalpattern,soshedid.Example2:ST:Thewomanwhoisagoodwife,agoodmother,isentitledtoourrespectasisnooneelse;butsheisentitledtoitonlybecause,andsolongas,sheisworthyofit.TT:好妻子、好母親理應(yīng)得到最多尊重；但她有權(quán)得到它，只因?yàn)樗呛闷拮?、好母親，并且只有她配得上這種尊重。Analysis:Thewoman(T1)whoisagoodwife,agoodmother,isentitledtoourrespectasisnooneelse(R1);butshe(T2=T1)isentitledtoitonlybecause,andsolongas,sheisworthyofit(R2).Thisbelongstotheconstantthemepattern,whichmakesthesourcesentencelogicandcoherent,andtakesthesameeffectinthetranslatedversion.Example3:ST:Thewomanisentitledtojustasmucheducationastheman;anditwillnothurtheroneparticlemorethanithurtstheman.TT:女性享有與男性同等的教育權(quán)利；這一點(diǎn)對(duì)男性和女性都無害，只可能傷害到蠢人。Analysis:Thewoman(T1)isentitledtojustasmucheducationastheman(R1);andit(T2=R1)willnothurtheroneparticlemorethanithurtstheman(R2).Thisbelongstotheconstantthemepattern.Thispatternisreasonableinthesourcetextandthetranslatedversionaswell.3.2.2ChangingtheoriginalTPpatternintoanotheroneGiventheexceptionalcases,theTPpatterninthesourcetextisnotfitforthetranslatedversion.Inthesesituations,thetranslatorshouldflexiblyadoptthefitpatternfortranslating.Seethefollowingexamples:Example4:ST:Applycommonsenseandcommondecencytobothattitudes.TT:這些言辭是否明智、是否符合道德尚且存疑。Analysis:Theoriginalsentenceisanomittedsentenceandcalledimperativesentence.Inthissentence,thesubjectisomitted.Itisfeasibleintheoriginalcontext.Thereisnolackofcoherenceandcohesioninthesourcetext.ButthesituationisdifferentwhenitwastranslateintoChinese.Thestructureshouldbecomplete.ThusthetranslatorchangedtheTPpattern.Example5:ST:Nomatterwhatthatoccupationmaybe,aslongasthereisarealhomeandaslongasthosewhomakeupthehomedotheirdutytooneanother,totheirneighborsandtotheState,itisofminorconsequencewhethertheman'stradeispliedinthecountryorthecity,whether,itcallsfortheworkofthehandsorfortheworkofthehead.TT:無論什么職業(yè)，只要存在家庭，并且家庭成員對(duì)彼此、鄰居、國(guó)家負(fù)責(zé)，那么無論男性的職業(yè)是造福于國(guó)家還是城市、是需要體力勞動(dòng)還是腦力勞動(dòng)，該職業(yè)都不如女性在家庭中的作用重要。Analysis:Thereareseveralclausesintheoriginaltext.Tomakethetranslationtextsmooth,thetranslatoranalyzedandrearrangedthelocationofsomeclausesduringthetranslation.3.3TheapplicationofthematicprogressioninargumentativewritingTherearefourmainTPpatternswidelyusedinargumentativewriting.TheyareTPwithsametheme(40.7%),TPwithsamerheme(27.1%),Simplelinear(25.75%)andTPwithcontinuoustheme（程愛群、阮鳳敏,2004:82）.ItisChineselinguistXuShenghuanwhoputsforwardtheconceptofTPwithsamethemeforthefirsttime.OtherlinguistslikeZhuYongshengalsointroducedthisTPpatternandhecalleditpie-likepattern.ThenumerousapplicationofTPwithsamethemeinargumentativewritingisduetothefollowingreasons:Firstly,thesharingofthesamethemeinmanysentencesmeansthecompleteexpressionoftheview.Secondly,allsentencesconstituteparallelismintermsofformandmeaning.ThesetwoarereasonsfortheapplicationofTPwithsamerhemeaswell.Simplelinearisusedwhenthereisaneedofchangingtopic.Inmostsituations,thetranslatoralwaysconsiderskeepingtheoriginalTPpattern.IftheoriginalTPpatternisnotfitforthetranslatedtext,heorshewillrearrangetheTPpattern.4.DifficultiesandCorrespondingSolutionsintheTranslationProjectThetranslatorhasencounteredwithvariousdifficultiesbeforetranslatingandwhiletranslating.Facingwiththosedifficulties,sheadoptedcorrespondingsolutions.4.1Before-translatingAtfirst,thetranslatorhadnoideaofhowtochoosethetranslationmaterial.Becauseshedidnotknowwhatkindofmaterialisfitforthetranslationproject.ThankstoMr.WangWenmingthetranslatorhadthetranslationmaterial.Mr.WangWenmingistheteacherwhohastaughtthetranslatorEnglish-ChinesetranslationandChinese-Englishtranslation.Hisselectionofthetranslationmaterialisproperforthetranslator.Secondly,thetranslatordidnotknowwhichtheoryshouldbethesupportingtheoryforhertranslationproject.Havingreadothers’thesesandrecalledwhatshehaslearntfromclasses,shesuddenlyfoundthetheoryofthematicprogressioncanbeusedasaguidingtheory.ThistheorywasintroducedbyherAdvancedEnglishteacherMs.WangYanhua.Itfocusesonthetextualcoherenceandthatiswhatatranslatedversionneedsasawhole.Thirdly,thesourcetexthasneverbeentranslated.Thereisnostandardversiontocomparewith.Toensurethedegreeofaccuracy,thetranslatoranalyzedthegrammaticalstructurecarefullyandlookedupthedictionariesforexactmeaningofuncertainwords.Fourthly,thetranslatorworriedthatherEnglishabilityisnotenoughforthistranslationproject.Therefore,sheenhancedherEnglishskillsbyreadingbooksandarticlesrelatedtotranslation.4.2While-translatingIntheprocessoftranslating,thetranslatorfollowedonerule,thatis,thetranslationshouldnoto