2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)夯實基礎(chǔ)(北師大版)

必像Book2Unit5詞也講解

1.commentn.評論；意見

況.表達意見；作出評論

［先做］一單句語法填空

①WhatthecommitteeofteacherswilldoonFebruary19istomake

comments(comment)onthematerials.

②Haveyouanycommenttomake(make)aboutthecauseofthedisaster?

［后教］

(l)commenton/upon...對...進行評論

(2)makeacomment/commentson...

對...作出評論

makenocommenton...不對....發(fā)表評論

nocomment無可奉告

［佳句背誦］Hearingthisquestion,shesaidangrily,“Nocomment!??聽到這個問

題，她生氣地說：“無可奉告！”

［名師點津］comment用作及物動詞時，一般只接that從句，若需要接名詞或代詞作

賓語，則通常用commenton/uponsth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.crowded?擁擠的；擠滿人的

［先做］一單句語法填空

①Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible

crowds(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.

②Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.

③Thecrowdmove/moves(move)on,andnoonetriestostopthem/it.

［后教］

(l)becrowdedw汕擠滿....

(2)crowdn.群；人群；觀眾；

v.擁擠

followthecrowd隨大流

crowds/acrowdof一群；成群的

［佳句背誦］Doyourownthing,anddon'tjustfollowthecrowd.做你自己的事情，不

要盲從大眾。

［名師點津］(l)crowd表示“人群”“觀眾”時，為集合名詞，若用作主語，謂語動

詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。

(2)漢語可說''擁擠的交通”，但英語不說crowdedtraffic,而說busy/heavytraffic。

3.shock”使震驚；使難以置信

n.震驚；休克

［先做］——單句語法填空/單句改錯

①AUofuswereshockedattheshockingnewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythe

mountainfire.(shock)

②Welookedateachotherinsilence,eachequallyshocking,shockingfshocked

［后教］

(l)agreatshocktosb.對某人是極大的打擊

inshock震驚；吃驚

(2)shockedadj.震驚的；驚訝的

beshockedat/by...對....吃驚

beshockedtodosth.做某事很吃驚

(3)shockingadj.令人震驚的

［佳句背誦］Ifrozewithshock,feelingasifIhadbeenthrownintoadarkworld.我嚇

呆了，感覺自己好像被扔進了一個黑暗的世界。

［聯(lián)想發(fā)散］各種“驚訝”的表達：astonishing>astonished>amazing>amazed>

surprising、surprised。

4.escape5逃離；逃避；被遺忘；(氣體、液體等)泄漏

逃脫；逃避；漏出

［先做］——單句語法填空

①Youareluckyenoughtoescapebeingkilled(kill)intheaccident.Now,the

escaped(escape)driverhasbeenarrested.

②(譯林必修三U3)Icannotescapefromthemodernworld,butIcancutbackonthe

amountoftimeIspendonmysmartphoneeveryday,andIdo.

［后教］

(l)escapefrom...從...逃脫，從...逃跑

escape(doing)sth.避開(做)某事

(2)haveanarrowescape死里逃生

［佳句背誦］Atlast,wehadanarrowescape,fortunatelyescapingbeinghurtbythe

hungrypolarbear.

最后，我們九死一生，幸運地避免了被那頭饑餓的北極熊傷害。(2020?浙江卷7月)

［聯(lián)想發(fā)散］表達“忘記、遺忘”的有：

(l)sth.escape(s)sb.某人遺忘某事

(2)sb.forget(s)sth.某人忘記某事

5.survive。.幸免；幸存；活下來；生還；比...活得長

［先做1——語段填空/單句改錯

?Masteringsomebasicskillswouldgreatlyincreasethechancesofsurvival.Thanksto

theswimmingskills,heandhisfriendsucceededinsurvivingtheterriblefloodandtheywere

theonlytwosurvivors,(survive)

?Althoughtheoldladysufferedfromaseriousillness,shestillsurvivedherhusband

5years.在husband后力口by

［后教］

(l)survivefrom...從...幸存

surviveon...依靠...生存下來

survive…by…比....多活了....

(2)survivorn.幸存者

survivaln.［U］幸存；［C］殘存物

［佳句背誦］Withouttheoceans,nolivingthingswouldsurvive,humansincluded.

沒有海洋，任何生物都無法生存，包括人類。（2022?全國甲卷滿分作文）

6.frightened時.受驚的，害怕的

［先做］一單句語法填空

①Hehadtriedtocoax(哄)thedogtohimbut,frightened(frighten),ithadrunoff.

②Afewdaysago,hefrightenedtheoldladyintosigningthepaper.

［后教］

(l)befrightenedof(doing)sth.害怕（做）某事

befrightenedtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事

(2)frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇唬

frightenaway/off嚇跑...

frightensb.into/outofdoingsth.嚇唬某人做/不做某事

(3)frighteningadj.令人恐懼的

［佳句背誦］AsItravelledbymyselfforthefirsttime,Ifeltalittlefrightened,butsoon

Ibecamerelaxed.因為我是第一次獨自旅行，我感覺有點害怕，但我很快就放松下來。

7.curious好奇的

［先做］一單句語法填空

①(2022?全國乙卷)I'dbecurioustoknow(know)whatweretheearlyconnectionsin

yourlifethatledyouintotheartfield.

②(譯林選必三U2)Whilespaceexplorationisareality,weremaincuriousaboutthe

mysteriesoftheuniverse.

(3)Curiously(curious),itrepliedwithashortchirpasifitunderstoodwhatshewas

saying.

［后教］

(l)becuriousaboutsth.對某事感至I好奇

becurioustodosth.好奇地做某事；

極想做某事

(2)curiosityn.好奇心

withcuriosity好奇地

outofcuriosity出于好奇

(3)curiouslyadv.好奇地

［佳句背誦］Ifyouarecuriousaboutthehistoryofourschoolorconcernedaboutits

future,youmustntmissthisexcellentopportunity!如果你對我們學(xué)校的歷史感到好奇或

者關(guān)心學(xué)校的未來，那么你一定不要錯過這次絕佳的機會！

背誦點書面表達之邀請信

8.equala外相等的；平等的；相當(dāng)?shù)?；能勝任?/p>

同等的人；相等物

與……相等，等于；比得上

［先做］一單句語法填空

?Frommypointofview,MichaelJordaniswithoutequalinplayingbasketball.

②(2022?全國乙卷)Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsides

equally(equal)contactandsharewithoneanother.

［后教］

(l)beequalto(doing)sth.勝任（做）某事

(2)equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth.在（做）某事上比

得過某人/某物

(3)withoutequal=havenoequal無與倫比

(4)equalityn.平等；相等

equallyadv.相等地；同等地；同樣地

［佳句背誦］IamconvincedthatIamequaltobeingavolunteerfortheChinese

paintingexhibition.

我確信我能勝任做這個中國繪畫展的志愿者。

背誦點書面表達之申請信

［聯(lián)想發(fā)散］“勝任”的其他表達有beupto、befitfor>bequalifiedforo

9.rescue營救；救援

［先做］一單句語法填空

?Fortunately,thelittlegirlwasrescuedfromaburningbuilding.

②The23-year-old'sscreamsalertedapasser-bywhowenttoherrescue.

［后教］

(l)rescuesb./sth.from...把某人/某物從...營救出來

come/gotoone'srescue來/去營救某人

(2)rescuern.救援人員

［佳句背誦］“Neverforasecond,theboytoldthereporter,“didIdoubtthatmy

fatherwouldcometomyrescue."那個男孩告訴記者：“我一秒鐘都沒有懷疑我的父親

會來救我?！?/p>

10.trap〃.夾子；陷阱；圈套；困境

。.使困住，使陷于危險中；使落網(wǎng)

［先做］一單句語法填空/單句改錯

①（譯林選必二Ul）Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spread

quicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloors

trapped(trap).

②Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerquestionsonline.Youmaybetrappedingiving

awayveryimportantpersonalinformation,infinto

［后教］

(l)betrappedin困在……中；陷在……中

trapsb.into(doing)sth.誘使某人（做）某事

(2)fallintoatrap落入圈套

set/layatrapfor為……設(shè)下圈套

［佳句背誦］Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,

trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth'sclimatewarmandhabitable.

大氣中的溫室氣體，如甲烷和二氧化碳，會捕獲一些熱量，使地球氣候保持溫暖且

適宜居住。（人數(shù)選必三U3）

11.attemptn.&v,企圖；試圖；嘗試；努力

［先做］一單句語法填空

①Soonthetearoombecamelivelywitheveryinternationalstudentattempting(attempt)

tomaketheirowntea.

②Amanisbeingquestionedwhoisinrelationtotheattempted(attempt)murderlast

night.

［后教］

(l)attempttodo/atdoing...嘗試/試圖做....

(2)makeanattempttodo/atdoing...嘗試做...

atthefirstattempt第一次嘗試

(3)attemptedadj.未遂的

［佳句背誦］Wefailedtosellpopcornatthefirstattempt,whichmadeusdepressedand

sad.

我們第一次嘗試賣爆米花失敗了，這使我們既沮喪又悲傷。(2020?新高考全國卷I)

［聯(lián)想發(fā)散］表示“努力做某事；試圖做某事”的短語還有trytodosth.、seektodo

sth.、intendtodosth.等o

12.preparation〃?預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備

［先做］——單句語法填空

?Onlyeducationcanmakechildrenprepared(prepare)fortheirfuturelifeandkeepup

withthetrendoftheworld.

②及snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparations(prepare)forahealthyand

meaningfulcollegeexperience.

③Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhavetobepreparedtoadapt(adapt)tothe

change.

［后教］

(l)inpreparationfor...為...做準(zhǔn)備

makepreparations(for)...(為....)做準(zhǔn)備

(2)preparev.預(yù)備，使有準(zhǔn)備

preparefor為……做準(zhǔn)備

preparesb.forsth.使某人為某事做準(zhǔn)備

preparetodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事

(3)preparedadj.準(zhǔn)備好的；有所準(zhǔn)備的

be/getpreparedforsth./todosth.準(zhǔn)備某事/做某事

［佳句背誦］Thechangesandchallengesofyourteenageyearswillprepareyoufor

adulthood.

青少年時期遇到的變化和挑戰(zhàn)會讓你為成年做好準(zhǔn)備。（譯林必修一U2）

13.base戈.以……為據(jù)點(或總部等)；以……為根據(jù)

n.基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)

［先做］一單句語法填空

①Thereportbasedonthosefiguresshowsthatmorebasicfacilitiesarein

demand.(base)

②Teammembersneedtoreceivetrainingafterschooleverydayandtheyarealso

offeredopportunitiestowatchtabletenniscompetitionsonaregularbasis.

［后教］

(l)base...on/upon...把....建立在....基礎(chǔ)之上

bebasedon/upon...以....為基礎(chǔ)

(2)basisn.基礎(chǔ);才艮據(jù)

onaregularbasis定期

onthebasisof...才艮據(jù).....

(3)basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的

［佳句背誦］Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomebasictablemanners.Basedon

traditionalChinesecustoms,youshouldlettheelderlyeatfirst.我寫信是告知你一些基本

的餐桌禮儀。基于中國的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，你應(yīng)該讓長者先用餐。

背誦點書面表達之建議信

14.ambition〃?抱負(fù)，雄心；追求，夙愿

［先做］一單句語法填空

?Mothersareoftenhighlyambitiousfortheirchildren.

②(人數(shù)選必二U2)Myambition(ambitious)istosetupabusinessinChinaafter

graduation.

后教］

(l)haveambitionfor...對...有野心/雄心

realise/achieveone'sambition(todo.../ofdoing...)

實現(xiàn)某人(做……)的抱負(fù)

(2)ambitiousadj.宏大的，艱巨的；有抱負(fù)的，有雄心的

beambitiousfor...對...有強烈的期望

［佳句背誦］Hehascastherasanambitiouslawyerinhislatestmovie.他選定她在他

的最新電影中扮演一名有雄心的律師。

15.distant?遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的；遠(yuǎn)房的；冷漠的

［先做］一單句語法填空

?Locatedjustoutsidetheuniversitygate,theflatiswithinwalkingdistance(distant).

②MyparentsliveinadistantcitybuttheInternetremovesthedistanceina

way.(distant)

③(譯林必修三U2)Atthatmoment,theyfelttheearthshakingbeneaththeirfeet；

beyondinthedistance,theyheardthecrashoffallingroofs.

［后教］

distancen.距離

inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處

atadistance(of...)在……遠(yuǎn)的地方；距離稍遠(yuǎn)

withinwalkingdistance步行距離內(nèi)

keepsb.atadistance與某人保持一定距離

［佳句背誦］Muchtoourdelight,thesoundofwaterinthedistancecaughtourattention

anddroveustotheriverbank.

讓我們高興的是，遠(yuǎn)處的水聲引起了我們的注意，把我們帶到了河邊。

16.shelter〃.住所；藏身之處；庇護；避難所

V.庇護；躲避

［先做］一單句語法填空

?Undertheshelterofatent,acrowdwasgatheredforabrunch.

②Ifthewealthwillbeusedtofeedthehungry,clothethenaked,givesheltertothe

homeless,healthesick,thenmoneycanmakeyouholy.

［后教］

（l）take/seekshelter（from）躲避（.......）

undertheshelterof...在.....的庇護下

giveshelterto庇護

（2）shelter...from...保護.....免于…

［佳句背誦］Thehousewassurroundedbybigtrees,whichsheltereditfromsevere

sunshine.

這所房子被大樹包圍著，遮住了強烈的陽光。

17.breakdown（機器）損壞，出故障；（談判等）失敗；（身體）垮掉；破裂；（化學(xué)）

分解；消除

［先做］---寫出下列句中breakdown的含義

①Thepeacetalksbrokedownwithnoagreementreached.（談判）失敗

②（2021?浙江卷6月）Thetruckmydaddroveoftenbrokedownontheway,which

mademydadintrouble.（機器）損壞，出故障

③Itwilltakeplasticsmorethan100yearstobreakdownintheair.（化學(xué)）分解

④Becauseoftheconflict,therelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieshasbroken

down.破裂

⑤Ifyouwanttobreakdownthemisunderstanding,youshouldapologisetoherface

toface.消除

［后教］

breakaway(from)掙脫(束縛)；脫離

breakup驅(qū)散；分散；打碎；分手

breakinto闖入

breakout爆發(fā)；發(fā)生

breakthrough取得突破；克服

［佳句背誦］⑴AsfarasI'mconcerned,marriagebasedonmoneyisboundtobreakup.

依我看來，以金錢為基礎(chǔ)的婚姻注定會破裂。

(2)IfTomcarriesonworkinglikethis,hewillbreakdownsoonerorlater.

如果湯姆繼續(xù)這樣工作，他的身體遲早會垮掉。

單元重點句型

Lthe+比較級...，the+比較級...

(教材原句)Thefirst,thelargerthebodieswere,themorerapidlytheyfell.第一，物

體越大，下落越快。

［先做］一單句語法填空

①Themoreyoupractise,thebetter(well)youcanunderstand.

②Theharder(hard)youwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

［后教］

(1)“the+比較級…，the+比較級.句型中的兩個the的后面都必須跟形容詞或

副詞的比較級形式；

(2)“比較級+and+比較級”意為“越來越……”，與這類結(jié)構(gòu)搭配的常用動詞有

grow、get>become等。

［佳句背誦］ThefurtherJanewentintheforest,themorenervousandanxiousshe

became.

簡在森林里走得越遠(yuǎn)，越感到緊張焦慮。

2.aWhatif...?”意為“要是會怎么樣呢？”

(教材原句)ButwhatifTmtrapped?

但是如果我被困住了怎么辦？

［先做1——微寫作

杰夫小聲說道：“為媽媽準(zhǔn)備一頓美味的早餐怎么樣？”“要是我們失敗了怎么辦

呀？“珍娜雙眼閃爍著興奮的光芒回答道。杰夫回答道，“那又怎么樣？至少我們竭盡

全力為媽媽做點事情了。”

Jeffwhispered,“What/Howaboutpreparingatastybreakfastfoiourmother?”Jenna

respondedwithhereyesglitteringwithexcitement,Whatifwefail?”Jeffreplied,“So

what?Atleastwehavesparednoefforttodosomethingforourmother.^^

［后教］

(1)“Whatif…？”意為”要是...會怎么樣呢？“，可以看作“Whatwillhappen

if...?”的省略形式。

(2)Howcome...?.......怎么會這樣？

What/Howabout...?.......怎么樣？

Sowhat?那又怎樣？

Whynotdosth.?為什么不做某事呢？

［佳句背誦］Nowthat