Unit5WorkingtheLand

單元話題完形填空練習(xí)

（2022秋?吉林長春?高二長春外國語學(xué)校?？计谥校￤illiamThomson

WilliamThomsonwasbomon26June,1824inBelfast.Hewastaughtbyhisfather,aprofessorof

mathematics.In1832,thefamilymovedtoGlasgowwhereThomsonattendeduniversityattheageof10,then

studiedatCambridgeandParisUniversities.In1846hebecameprofessorofnaturalphilosophyinGlasgow,a

posthe1formorethan50years.

InGlasgow,Thomson2thefirstphysicslaboratoryinBritain.Hewasapioneerinmanydifferent3,

particularlyelectromagnetism（電磁學(xué)）andthermodynamics（熱力學(xué)）.4Faraday（法拉第），hewas

responsiblefortheintroductionofthe5ofanelectromagneticfieldwhereThomsondevelopedtheworkofthe

6of（hesubject,NicolasCarnotandJamesJoule.Oneofthemost7resultsofhisworkwashisideaofan

absolutezerooftemperature—thescalebasedonthisisnamed8him.

ThroughouthisworkThomson'smaingoalwasthepracticaluseofscience.Heachieved9throughhis

workonsubmarinetelegraphy,airajorpracticalproblemoftheday.Hewas10asascientificadviserinthe

layingoftheAtlantictelegraphcablesin18571858and18651866,forwhichhewasknightedin1866.His1L

inmarineissuesalsoinspiredhimtodevelopamariners'passand12atidemachineanddepthnieasuring

equipment.HeinventedmanyelectricalinstrumentsandhishouseinGlasgowwasthefirsttobe13by

electriclight.

Thomsonwasraisedtothencblemenwiththe14ofBaronKelvinofLargsin1892.TheKelvinwasa

smallriverthatflowednearGlasgowUniversityandhewaspresidentoftheroyalSocietyfrom1890to1895.He

diedon17December,1907,inAyrshire,Scotlandandwas15inWestminsterAbbey.

1.A.soughtB.confirmedC.admiredD.held

2.A.tookupB.brokeupC.setupD.blewup

3.A.fieldsB.countriesC.labsD.colleges

4.A.InspiteofB.ExceptforC.TogetherwithD.Regardlessof

5.A.mandB.conditionC.contractD.concept

6.A.learnersB.pioneersC.petitorsD.leaders

7.A.importantB.obviousC.fortunateD.positive

8.A.forB.withC.afterD.on

9.A.wealthB.fameC.contributionD.enthusiasm

10.A.consideredB.attractedC.employedD.accused

II.A.hobbyB.desireC.successD.interest

12.A.operateB.inventC.controlD.produce

13.A.litB.builtc.decoratedD.equipped

14.A.titleB.namec.honorD.award

15.A.preservedB.respectedc.admittedD.buried

（2023春?河南新鄉(xiāng)?高二統(tǒng)考期末）AdaLovelacewasthedaughterofaromanticpoet,LordByron.She

earnedherplaceinhistoryasthefirstputer16—afullcenturybeforetoday'sputers17.And

shebecameanidol（偶像）Forwomenin18industrytoday.Shecouldn'thavedoneitwithoutBritish

mathematicianCharlesBabbage.Their19startedintheearly1830s.Babbagehad20plansfor

adetailedandplicatedmachinehecalledtheDifferenceEngine一actually,agiantmechanicalcalculator.

Inthemiddleofhisworkonii,Ada21Babbageataparty.Itwasmathematical22atfirst

sight.Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwould23untilAda's

death.BabbageusedhisDifferenceEnginetobrainstormanewAnalyticalEngine.He（hen24aninplete

prototype（雛形）ofthismachine.Adasawthatengine'strue25.TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethana

calculator.Whentheuser26itsmands,theenginecould27nearlyanymathematicaltask

ordered.Adaevenwroteinstructionsfor28aplicatedmathproblem.Manyhistorianswouldlater

considerthoseasthefirstputcrprogramandAdaasthefirstprogrammer.ThesecondTuesdayinOctoberhasbee

AdaLovelaceDay,onwhichthe29ofwomentoscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics

are_30____.

16.A.tutorB.saleswomanC.programmerD.accountant

17.A.brokedownB.cameoutC.diedoutD.showedoff

18.A.puterB.touristC.vehicleD.agriculture

19.A.settlementB.conflictC.argumentD.cooperation

20.A.shutdownB.sloweddownC.followedupD.drawnup

21.A.inquiredB.metC.criticizedD.accepted

22.A.loveB.mistakeC.problemD.addiction

23.A.formB.lastC.matterD.count

24.A.boughtB.restoredC.representedD.showed

25.A.contextB.potenlialC.bonusD.damage

26.A.obeyedB.stoppedC.neededD.sent

27.A.performB.inputC.quitD.study

28.A.discoveringB.creatingC.solvingD.raising

29.A.beautyB.humorC.contributionD.secret

30.A.honoredB.postponedC.integratedD.adopted

（2021秋?廣東汕頭?高二校考期中）StephenHawkingnotonlychangedthewaypeoplethoughtabout

science,buthealsochangedthewaypeopleviewed31.Diagnosed（診斷）withmotorneuronediseasein

histwenties,manyofhisscientificdiscoveriesweremadewhilehisbodywas32.

WhenHawkingstudiedatOxfordUniversity,hehada3、forbeinglively,humorousandpopular.

34,duringhisfinalyearatOxford,hefelloverfornoparticularreason.Whennoticinghisspeech（說話的U8

力jbegantobe35.Hawkingsoughtmedicalhelp.Itwas（henthathewasdiagnosedwiththedisease.

Doctorsatthetimegavehimlessthantwoyearsto36.

Luckily,hesurvived.However,afterhisdiagnosis,his37failedquickly.Throughout（he1960s,he

requiredasticktowalk,38awheelchairformanyyears.Itwasonlybytheendofthe1960sthathe

39acceptedhewouldneedafulltimemobilityaid（助動器）.

DespiteHawking'spoorhealth,hemadesomeimportantscientific40.Itwasin1974thathe

discoveredwhatnowis41as“Hawkingradiation''.Later,in1988,HawkingpublishedhisbookABrief

HistoryofTime.

Itwashis42—focusingonwhatwaspossibleratherthanimpossible—thatdefined（定義）his

publicimage.Hisbooksmadescienceeasily43forawiderpublic.Hawkingoncesaid,"Myadviceto

otherpeoplewouldbe:44thingsyourdisabilitydoesn'tpreventyoufromdoingwell,anddon't45

thethingsitinterferes（干擾）with.Don'tbedisabledinspirit,aswellasphysicaily.^^

31.A.natureB.knowledgeC.disabilityD.space

32.A.failingB.recoveringC.shakingD.growing

33.A.nameB.requestC.careerD.fantasy

34.A.HenceB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead

35.A.inaccurateB.boringC.briefD.unclear

36.A.relaxB.liveC.studyD.adopt

37.A.memoryB.mindC.sightD.health

38.A.preparingB.refusingC.obtainingD.pushing

39.A.graduallyB.formallyC.mostlyD.apparently

40.A.experimentsB.achievementsC.conclusionsD.researches

41.A.persuadedB.inferredC.knownD.predicted

53.A.identicalB.scientificC.visualD.shallow

54.A.secretlyB.jointlyC.casuallyD.barely

55.A.foreignerB.doctorC.womanD.professor

56.A.abuseB.discourageC.praiseD.miss

57.A.consideredB.appointedC.remendedD.designed

58.A.inspirationB.honestyC.kindnessD.patience

59.A.discussB.pursueC.ignoreD.interview

60.A.futureB.stressC.planD.story

(2023秋?吉林遼源?高二統(tǒng)考期末)Aworldofpurethought

StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgifted61inphysics.Mostpeoplearefamiliar

withimagesofhim62hiswheelchair,unabletomoveandusingaputertotalk.Sincehecamedown

withadiseasewhichcausedhimto63theuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstract

thought.

Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,64agraduatestudentin

physicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneral,thereweretwomain65ontheoriginoftheuniverse.

Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,66holdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwas

thebigbangtheory,whichholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeand67.Thebiggest

championofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.Duringthequestionandanswer

period68oneofHoyle'slectures,Hawkingstoodupand69thatHoylehadmadeamistakein

his70.Once(hemathswascorrected,itshowedthatthebigbangtheory-andnot(hesteadyslate

theory—was71.Hawking'sownworkonthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswith

telescopes.

Astarwasborn.So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius72beingbrilliant,hewasbrave,though

sometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewas73tosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodream

ofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.74,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasa

scientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhislight75hisdisease.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingto

admithisfaults.Thisoddbinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand

21stcenturies.

61.A.scienlistsB.teachersC.singersD.dancers

62.A.fromB.inC.atD.on

63.A.losingB.lostc.toloseD.lose

64.A.asB.withC.atD.on

65.A.reasonsB.wondersC.causesD.theories

66.A.whereB.whoc.thatD.which

67.A.momentB.hoursc.spaceD.place

68.A.whileB.afterc.beforeD.as

69.A.pointedoutB.camecutc.setoffD.tookout

70.A.mathsB.chemistryc.ChineseD.English

71.A.wrongB.finec.okD.true

72.A.ExceptthatB.Exceptc.ApartD.Besides

73.A.goodB.willingc.niceD.well

74.A.ButB.Yetc.HoweverD.Furthermore

75.A.againstB.forc.atD.by

（2023?全國?高二專題練習(xí)）Seeingthenewsofthe2022NobelPrizeonTV,Ican,thelp76atalc

aboutaremarkablephysicist,AlbertEinstein.WhenEinsteinwasalittlekid,hisfatherboughthimapassasagift.

Hewasamazedbyit.Itwasthatmoment,asEinsteinlatersaid,that77thebeginningofhisscientific

journey.Manyothergreat78inhistoiyhadsimilarstories

Italwaysamazedmehowsuchanexperiencecouldhaveahugeimpactonone'slife.79Einstein

andothersciencegiants,Idon'trememberhavinganyparticularexperiencethat80myinterestin

science.Forme,Iwasnotamatterofasingleevent,butrathermanyofthem.

AsakidIenjoyedspendinghourswatchingstarsduringsummernights.Itriedtoseeifsomeofthose

shiningdotsdisplayedcertainfigures,Ifoundmagnetism（磁力）andelectricityveryinterestingtoo.Ididn'treally

81theseconcepts,butIcouldplaywiththem.

Ishowedgreatinterestinphysicsatschool.Tolearnmoreaboutit,Ibeganmyundergraduatestudies.Alot

changedaboutmeatthisstage.Istillhadthesame82.butmyperspective（,因維方式）waswidenedasI

wasintroducedtomanymorefascinatingpartsof83.Consequently,myinterestinthefieldwasshaped.

Followingmygraduation,Idecidedtostudyabroad.Myinitial84wastogetan

internationally—praisedlevelofeducation.However,suchanexperience85morethan（hat.Most

importantly,itmeantthatIwouldbeinanenvironmentwhereIcouldfullyimmerse（沉浸）myselfinmywork

andsubjectsofphysics.

86.IrealizedwhatImissedmostduringmyundergraduatestudieswas87work.Itwas

alotmoresatisfyingthanjusttryingtodoscienceonpaper.88、mymaster'sdegreestudyprogramalso

givesmetheseopportunities.Iget89tosomanyresearchareasandopportunitiesforpracticalwork.

90alltheseexperiences,I'vediscoveredfbrmyselfwhatIwanttobeinphysics.

76.A.recallingB.writingC.inventingD.publishing

77.A.changedB.markedC.hitD.limited

78.A.medalistsB.graduatesC.mindsD.teachers

79.A.InsteadofB.OtherthanC.IncontrasttoD.Ratherthan

80.A.lockedB.arousedC.maintainedD.added

81.A.refuseB.missC.honorD.understand

82.A.lessonB.passionC.reasonD.subject

83.A.passesB.starsC.papersD.physics

84.A.motivationB.researchC.attitudeD.application

85.A.tookB.requiredC.meantD.started

86.A.LookingforwardB.LookingbackC.TurningoverD.Turningaround

87.A.seriousB.countlessC.officialD.practical

88.A.UndoubtedlyB.Possib.yC.NaturallyD.Fortunately

89.A.devotionB.accessC.admissionD.relation

90.A.ThankstoB.AsforC.InplaceofD.Forlackof

（2023秋?全國?高二假期作業(yè)）In2007,22yearoldRamesh'speanutfarmlostmoney.Aswasoftenthecase

inmostofIndia.Rameshwas91pesticides（殺蟲劑）andfertilizersacrosshis2.4hectaresinthe

AnantapurdistrictofsouthernIndia.Inthisdeserdikearea,whichgetslessthan600millimetersofrainfallmost

years,farmingisa（n）92.

“Ilostalotofmoneygrowingpeanutsthroughchemicalfanning93saysRamesh,whoisinterested

inagriculture.Thechemicalsare94inmanypartsofsouthernIndia.Thefarmersdependtoomuchon

pesticides.Thechemicalsare95buttheproductionislow.Thenin2017,he96thechemicals.

“EversinceI97sustainableagriculturalpracticeslikenaturalfarming,theproductionhasbeen98

andthecosthasgonedown,“hesays.

Onenaturalfarmingmethodcallsfor99allchemicalfertilizersandpesticideswithorganicmatterto

boostsoilnutrientlevels.Rameshalsoexpandedhiscrops,100peanutsandsometomatoes.Thenhe

addedeggplantsandothercrops.

Withthe101ofthenonprofitorganizationAccionFratcrnaEcologyCentre,whichworkswith

farmerswhowanttotry102farming,Rameshincreasedhis103enoughtobuymoreland,

expandinghisfield.LikethousandsofotherfarmerspracticingnaturalfarmingacrossIndia,Rameshhas104

toenrichhisdeadsoilwhilehisnewtreeshelpkeepcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,thusplayinganimportantrole

inreducingIndia'scarbonfootprint.Recentstudyhasshownthat:hccarbonabsorption105ofnatural

farmingisasmuchas34percenthigherthanstandardformsofagriculture.

91.A.collectingB.applyingC.gainingD.robbing

92.A.advantageB.principleC.challengeD.disaster

93.A.phenomenaB.conditionsC.methodsD.analyses

94.A.accessibleB.specificC.missingD.mon

95.A.costlyB.usefulC.plicatedD.harmless

96.A.advocatedB.abandonedC.adoptedD.advanced

97.A.brokeupB.leftoutC.backedoutD.tookup

98.A.increasedB.emphasizedC.ruinedD.suspended

99.A.understandingB.replacingC.confusingD.rejecting

100.A.anxiouslyB.eventuallyC.rarelyD.originally

101.A.adjustmentB.aidC.exceptionD.debt

102.A.temporaryB.overseasC.sustainableD.abnormal

103.A.fitnessB.limitsC.profitsD.respect

104.A.managedB.hesitatedC.failedD.agreed

105.A.lossB.barrierC.creditD.potential

參考答案:

I.D2.C3.A4.C5.D6.B7.A8.C9.B10.CII.D12.B

13.A14.A15.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了威廉?湯姆森的生平，并重點講述了他在科學(xué)和實際應(yīng)用方面所取

得的成就。

1.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：1846年，他成為格拉斯哥的自然哲學(xué)教授，并擔(dān)任了50多年cA.sought

尋找；B.confirmed確認(rèn)；C.admired欽佩；D.held擔(dān)任。從空格前面的“professorofnaturalphilosophyin

Glasgow”及“apost”可知，此處表示他擔(dān)任這個職位長達(dá)50多年。故選D項。

2.考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，湯姆森建立了英國第一個物理實驗室。A.tookup開始從事；

Bbrokeup打碎;C.seiup建立;D.blewup爆炸。由空后的“thefirstphysicslaboratory”可知，此處表示湯

姆森在英國建立了第一個物理實驗室。故選C項。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他是許多領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)，尤其是電磁學(xué)和熱力學(xué)。A.fields領(lǐng)域；B.countries

國家；C.labs實驗室；D.colleges學(xué)院。后面提到的“particularlyelectromagnetismandthermodynamics”是兩

個不同的領(lǐng)域。故選A項。

4.考查介詞短語辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了電磁場的概念，在那里湯姆森發(fā)展了這一課題的先

驅(qū)尼古拉斯?卡諾和詹姆斯?焦耳的工作。A.Inspiteof盡管；B.Exceptfor除了;C.Togetherwith和...一

起；D.Regardlessof不管。根據(jù)下文“Faraday,hewasresponsiblefortheintroductionoftheconcepl”可知，此

處表示和法拉第?起，他負(fù)責(zé)引入了電磁場這個概念。故選C項。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A.mand命令;B.condition條件；C.contract合同；D.concept概念。

根據(jù)后文的“anelectromagneticfield”可知，他和法拉第一起引入了電磁場的概念。故選D。

6.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了電磁場的概念，在那里湯姆森發(fā)展了這一課題的先

驅(qū)尼古拉斯?卡諾和詹姆斯?焦耳的工作。A.learners學(xué)習(xí)者；B.pioneers先驅(qū)；C.petitors競爭者；D.leaders

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。根據(jù)上文的“developedtheworko「和下文的“ihesubje。「及其后的兩個人名可知，此處指的是湯

姆森發(fā)展了這兩位先驅(qū)者在這一學(xué)科的成就。故選B項。

7.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的絕對零度概念——基于這個概念的

溫度計就是以他的名字命名的。A.important重要的;B.obvious明顯的；C.fortunate幸運(yùn)的；D.positive

積極的。結(jié)合下文的"hisideaofanabsolutezerooftcmpcraturcthcscalebasedonthisisnamed___8___him.”

可知，此處表示湯姆森所提出的重要的想法。故選A項。

8.考杳介詞詞義辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的絕對零度概念一基于這個概念的溫

度計就是以他的名字命名的。A.fbr為了;B.with和……一起;C.after在……后面;D.on在……上面。

此處是固定詞組nameafter,表示“以...命名”。故選C項。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他通過研究當(dāng)時的一個重大實際問題——海底電報而成名。A.認(rèn)ealth財富；

B.fame名譽(yù)：C.contribution貢獻(xiàn);D.enthusiasm熱情。根據(jù)卜文“Hewas__10___asascientificadviserin

thelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcablesin18571858and18651866,forwhichhewasknightedin1866.”可知,

他由于在大西洋電纜鋪設(shè)工作上的成就被授以爵位，故此處指他通過自己在海底電報方面的工作而成名。

故選B項。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：也曾在18571858年和18651866年鋪設(shè)大西洋電報電纜時擔(dān)任科學(xué)顧問，

并于1866年獲封爵士。A.considered考慮；B.attracted吸引；C.employed聘用；D.accused控告。從空后

的"asascientificadviserinthelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcables”可知，他被聘作科學(xué)顧問來指導(dǎo)鋪設(shè)電

纜，故選C項。

11.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他對海洋問題的興趣也激發(fā)了他開發(fā)水手羅盤、發(fā)明潮汐機(jī)和深度測量設(shè)

備,A.hobby愛好；B.desire欲望；C.success成功；D.interest興趣。根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合后面的“inmarineissues

alsoinspiredhimtodevelopamarinerstpass”可知，此處是指他對海洋問題的興趣激勵他開發(fā)了船用羅盤。故

選D項。

12.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他對海洋問題的興趣也激發(fā)了他開發(fā)水手羅盤、發(fā)明潮汐機(jī)和深度測量設(shè)

備,A.operate操作：B.invent發(fā)明;C.control控制；D.produce生產(chǎn)。結(jié)合前面的develop和后面的"atide

machineanddepthmeasuringequipment”可知,他發(fā)明了潮汐機(jī)和深度測量設(shè)備,下文的“Heinventedmany

electricalinstruments”也是提示。改選B項。

13.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他發(fā)明了許多電子儀器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一個被電燈照亮的。A.

lit照亮；B.built建造；C.dccoraicd裝飾；D.equipped裝備。后面的“byelectriclight”表示他家是第一家使

用電燈照明的家庭。故選A項。

14.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：湯姆遜于1892年被提拔為貴族，被封為拉格斯的開爾文男爵。A.litle頭

銜;B.name名字；C.honor榮譽(yù);D.award獎勵。結(jié)合空前的"wasraisedtothenoblemen”和后面的"Baron

KelvinofLargsin1892”可知,在1892年他晉升成為貴族,擁有開爾文勛爵的稱號。故選A項。

6考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：1907年12月17口，他死于蘇格蘭的埃爾郡,葬于威斯敏斯特教堂,A.preserved

保存；B.respected尊敬;C.admitted允許;D.buried埋葬?？仗幣c前面的"Hediedon17December,1907”

呼應(yīng)，此處指他死后被埋葬在威斯敏斯特教堂里面。故選D項。

16.C17.B18.A19.D20.D21.B22.A23.B24.D25.B26.D

27.A28.C29.C30.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章上要講述了AdaLovelace是如何對于計算機(jī)編程做出貢獻(xiàn)的以及她的開創(chuàng)

性工作的影響。

16.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她作為第一個計算機(jī)程序員在歷史上贏得了一席之地——在今天的計算機(jī)

出現(xiàn)之前整整一個世紀(jì)。A.tutor導(dǎo)師;B.saleswoman女售貨員；C.programmer程序員;D.accountant會

計,根據(jù)卜文“ManyhistorianswouldlaterconsiderthoseasthefirstputerprogramandAdaasthefirst

programmer.”可知，艾達(dá)是一名程序員＜,故選C。

17.考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她作為笫一個計算機(jī)程序員在歷史上贏得了一席之地——在今天的計算機(jī)

出現(xiàn)之前整整一個世紀(jì)。A.brokedown分解；B.cameout出現(xiàn):C.diedout滅絕；D.showedoff炫耀。根

據(jù)前文的“inhistory”和下文的“afullcenturybeforetoday'spuiers”可知，在今天的計算機(jī)出現(xiàn)前整整一個世

紀(jì)，她就已經(jīng)是程序員。故選B。

18.考杳名詞詞義辨析。句意：地成為了當(dāng)今計算機(jī)行業(yè)女性的偶像。A.puler計算機(jī)；B.tourist游客；

C.vehicle車輛；D.agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)。根據(jù)下文“Manyhistorianswouldlaterconsiderthoseasthefirstputer

programandAdaasthefirstprogrammer.”可知，AdaLovelace是計算機(jī)行業(yè)的女性的偶【象。根據(jù)故選A。

19.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的合作在19世紀(jì)30年代早期開始的。A.settlement和解；B.conflict

沖突；C.argument爭論；D.cooperation合作。根據(jù)前文“Shecouldn'thavedoneitwithoutBritishmathematician

CharlesBabbage.（如果沒有英國數(shù)學(xué)家查爾斯?巴貝奇,她不可能做到這一點。）“可知,他們開始了合作。

故選D。

20.考杳動詞短語辨析。句意：巴貝奇為一臺詳細(xì)的更雜的機(jī)器起草了計劃，他稱之為“差分機(jī)”——實際

上是一個巨大的機(jī)械計算器。A.shutdown關(guān)閉；B.sloweddown減慢；C.followedup跟隨；D.drawnup

起草。根據(jù)下文“Inthemiddleofhisworkonit”可知，巴貝奇草擬了計劃，致力于它。故選D。

21.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在他工作的過程中，艾達(dá)在一次聚會上遇到了巴貝奇。A.inquired詢問；

B.met遇見；C.criticized批評;D.accepted接受。根據(jù)下文“Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationship（兩人建

立了工作關(guān)系廣可知，他們在一次聚會是遇見。故選B。

22.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是數(shù)學(xué)上的一見鐘情。A.loveg；B.mistake錯誤；C.problem問題;

D.addiction入迷;嗜好。根據(jù)下文“Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthat

would8untilAda'sdeath.（兩人建立了工作關(guān)系，并最終成為親密的朋友，一直持續(xù)到艾達(dá)去世‘）”

可知，對數(shù)學(xué)的愛讓他們一見如故。故選A。

23.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人建立了工作關(guān)系，并最終成為親密的朋友，一直持續(xù)到艾達(dá)去世。A.

form形成;B.Iasi持續(xù);C.matter要緊;重要：D.couni計算。根據(jù)下文“Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationship

andevemualclosefriendship"可知,他們成為了親密的朋友，友誼一直持續(xù)到艾達(dá)去世。故選B。

24.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他展示了這臺機(jī)器的一個不完整的原型。A.bought買；B.restored

修更；恢復(fù)；C.represented代表；D.showed展示。根據(jù)前文“BabbageusedhisDifferenceEnginetobrainstorm

anewAnalyticalEngine.（巴貝奇用他的差分機(jī)頭腦風(fēng)暴出了一臺新的分析機(jī)。廠可知，他把機(jī)器的出行給

艾達(dá)看。故選D。

25.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：艾達(dá)看到了這臺機(jī)器的真正潛力。A.context上下文;B.potential潛力；可

能性;C.bonus獎金;津貼；D.damage毀壞;損害。根據(jù)下文"TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethana

calculator.（這臺分析機(jī)不僅僅是一臺計算器。）”可知，這臺機(jī)器潛力很大。故選B。

26.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)用戶發(fā)出命令時，這臺機(jī)器幾乎可以執(zhí)行任何命令的數(shù)學(xué)任務(wù)。A.obeyed

遵守;B.stopped停止;C.needed需要；D.sent發(fā)送。寄出。根據(jù)下文“nearlyanymathematicaltaskordered”

可知，用戶發(fā)出指令。故選D。

27.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)用戶發(fā)出命令時，這臺引擎幾乎可以執(zhí)行任何命令的數(shù)學(xué)任務(wù)。A.perform

執(zhí)行；B.input輸入;C.quit退出;D.study研究。根據(jù)下文“Adaevenwroteinstructionsfor13a

plicatedmathproblem.”可知，用戶發(fā)出命令，引擎執(zhí)行這些任務(wù)。故選A。

28.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：艾達(dá)甚至寫下了解決一道復(fù)朵數(shù)學(xué)題的說明。A.discovering發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.creating

創(chuàng)造；C.solving解決；D.raising提高。根據(jù)下文“Manyhistorianswouldlaterconsiderthoseasthefirstputcr

programandAdaasthefirstprogrammer.（許多歷史學(xué)家后來認(rèn)為這叫是第一個i|,算機(jī)程序，艾達(dá)是第一個程

序員。）“可知，艾達(dá)寫了解決復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)題的說明。故選C。

29.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每年10月的第二個星期二被定為艾達(dá)?洛芙蕾絲日，在這一天表彰女性在

科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)方面的貢獻(xiàn)。A.beauty美麗：B.humor幽默；C.contribution貢獻(xiàn);D.secret秘密。

根據(jù)上文講述的艾達(dá)的事跡以及她做出的貢獻(xiàn)和下文“ofwomentoscience,technology,engineering,and

mathematics”可知，在這一天表彰女性在科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)方面的貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。

30.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每年10月的第二個星期二被定為艾達(dá)?洛芙蕾絲日，在這一天表彰女性在

科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)方面的貢獻(xiàn)。A.honored給以...榮譽(yù)：B.postponed延期；C.integrated合并；

D.adopted收養(yǎng)。根據(jù)上文“ThesecondTuesdayinOctoberhasbeeAdaLovelaceDay”可知，10月的第二個星

期二被定為艾達(dá)?洛芙蕾絲日，是為了紀(jì)念艾達(dá)，并表彰女性對科學(xué)，技術(shù)，工程和數(shù)學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)。故選A。

31.C32.A33.A34.B35.D36.B37.D38.B39.A40.B41.C

42.D43.C44.A45.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了英國科學(xué)家斯蒂芬?霍金身殘志堅，通往成功的過程。

31.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：斯蒂芬?霍金不僅改變了人們對科學(xué)的看法，也改變了人們對殘疾的看法。

A.nature自然：B.knowledgeB.knowledge知識；C.disabilily殘疾；D.space空間。根據(jù)卜.文“Throughoutthe

1960s,herequiredsticktowalk”可知，此處指改變了人們對“殘疾”的看法。故選C項。

32.考查動詞詞義辨析二句意：他在二十多歲時被診斷患有運(yùn)動神經(jīng)元疾病，他的許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都是在他

身體衰退的時候取得的。A.failing出故障，衰退；B.recovering恢復(fù)；C.shaking搖晃；D.growing生長。

根據(jù)前文“Diagnosed（診斷）withmotorneuronedisease”可知，此處指在他身體“衰退”期間，他完成了很多

科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A項。

33.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)霍金在牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時，他因活潑、幽默和受歡迎而出名。A.name名

譽(yù)，名聲；B.request要求；C.career職業(yè)生涯；D.fanmsy幻想。根據(jù)下文“fbrbeinglively,humorousand

popular”可知，此處指霍金因為活潑、幽默和受歡迎而“出名故選A項。

34.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然再，在牛津大學(xué)的最后一年，他無緣無故摔倒了。A.Hence因此；B.However

然而；C.Besides而且；D.Instead代替，而不是。根據(jù)下文“hefelloverfbrnoparticularreason”可知，此處

和上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，指無緣無故他摔倒了。故選B項。

35.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的語言開始變得模糊不清時，霍金尋求醫(yī)療幫助。A.inaccurate

不精確的；B.boring尢聊的；C.bricf簡潔的；D.unclcar小清楚的。根據(jù)下文“Hawkingsoughtmedicalhelp”

可知，此處指霍金發(fā)現(xiàn)自己語言變得"不清楚'’時，他開始尋求醫(yī)療幫助。故選D項。

36.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時的醫(yī)生說他只能活不到兩年了。A.relax放松：B.live生存，活著：C.study

學(xué)習(xí)；D.adopl采納。根據(jù)下文“Luckily,hesurvived.”可知，此處指醫(yī)生說他“活”不到兩年。故