專題05不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞首先是一種動(dòng)詞形式，其次是這種動(dòng)詞形式不能做謂語。非謂語動(dòng)詞包含四種形式，即

不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞一直是英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是中考的?？键c(diǎn)，主

要為動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞，在單項(xiàng)填空、詞形填空題型中均有涉及。本專題目的在于歸納一些高頻考

題及梳理一些解題技巧，以幫助同學(xué)們高效友習(xí)。

考點(diǎn)概覽

考點(diǎn)考向考法/命題角度

需使用不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞；省去to的不定式

不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞基本用法，及非謂語一般形

作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞；不定式做表語。

式；主要考點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞，

動(dòng)名詞一些常接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞及句型

分詞少有涉及。

分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做表語區(qū)別

動(dòng)詞不定式

I.作表語；2.信號(hào)詞：wish,hope,dream,work,1.Mywishistobeeateacher.

task,duty,ambition,etc.etc.2.ThefirstthingIwanttodoistovisitmygrandfather.

作定語(后置)1.1havenothingtosayaboutthatthing.

Ihavenothing___________(send)you.2.Sorry,Ican'tgowithyou;Ihavealotofclothestowash.

Wemustnevermissthechance_______(show)3.Chinaisthethirdcountrytosenditsastronautsintothe

loveforourparents.space.

作賓語及賓補(bǔ)I.Alicewantedtogetanothercupofcoffee.

1.want/Diomisc/inanagc/nlan/cxacct2.Hetoldmetobehereontime.

decide/choese/refuse/pretendtodosth.3.Ourparentsoftenlellusnoi【oswimaloneintheriverin

2.make/lei/havesb.dosth.(注：被動(dòng)帶to)summer.

3.ask/tell/order/enable/allow/encouragesb.4.Pauldoesn'thavetobemadelolearn...Healwaysworkshard.

todosth.5.You'dbetter_________(try)thismedicine.

4.warnsb.nottodosth.

5.wouldliketodo

5.hadbetter(not)do

作狀語Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.(目的狀語)

不定式常在句子里作H的、原因和結(jié)果狀語Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.(結(jié)果狀語)

如：inorderto;soastoI'mgladtoseeyou.(原因狀語)

動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用(1)Hedoesn'tknowhowtousethemachine.(不定式作賓

語)

(2)Howuse【hemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主

語)

(3)ThequestioniswhenlogoIhere.(不定式作表語)

(4).Themenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican'tdecidewhich

toeat.

不定式的特殊句型：Heistooexcitedtospeak.

1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能...Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.

2句.型：be+adj+enough+todos〔h.足以做...Whynottakeaholiday?

3句.型：It's+adj.+forsbtodosthGoinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.

4句.型：Wliynot+動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出1.Theboxistooheavyforme____it.

建議，翻譯為：”為什么不……?”A.carryingB.carriesC.carryD.tocarry

5.句型：soas(not)todo:表示目的2.Weareoftentold____atpeopleintrouble.

6.不定式的否定形式，如:warnsbnottoA.nottosmileB.tosmileC.nottolaughD.tolaugh

do/neverto/inordernotto/soasnotto等3.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly________belateforthe

7.比較：usedtodo/bcusedtodoingexam.

8..比較：Ittakes...todo/sbspends...doingA.inordertoB.inordertonot

C.soasnotioD.soasto

動(dòng)名詞

動(dòng)名詞做賓語I.MaryandIenioypayingbadminton.

1.信號(hào)詞：enjoy,keep,mind,finish,practice/2.1t'sabitcold.Wouldyoumindmyclosingallthe

practise;deny;imagine;risk;consider;admit;windows?

forgive,avoid;escape;3.Thenewtermising.Theyarebusycleaningtheclassroom

2.詞組：giveup/begoodat/dowellin/can'thelp/s

keepon/feellike/beusedto/referto/payattention4.—Mum,I'mhungry.

to/devoteoneselfto/getusedto/lookforwardto/—Whatabout______(go)toMcDonald'seating

succeedin/beworthfriedchicken?

3.howabout/whatabout+doino5.Knivesareusedfor______________(cut)things.

4.preferdoing....todoing

do....ratherdo....ratherthando

5.介詞后面+doing

6.固定搭再己：goshopping/godancing/goswimming

動(dòng)名詞做主語及表語Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)

Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳

現(xiàn)在分詞

感官動(dòng)詞+sb.+doingIheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.

see.hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,Isawhimdancinginthehallyesterday.

notice,observeTherewefoundhimwatchingTV.

真題透視

A考向一動(dòng)詞不定式

高頻易混易錯(cuò)梳理/歸納

動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型：

①too...to...“太...而不能....Q

如：Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.那個(gè)男孩太小而不能照顧自己。

②...enoughto../'..........足夠....

如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他足夠大能去上學(xué)了。

A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.kept

7.（2017?上海?中考真題）Vivianrefusesherchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.

A.tosendB.sendingC.sentD.sends

8.（2014?上海?中考真題）Harryhasdecidedanonlineshopaftergraduatingfromschool.

A.openB.toopen

C.openedD.opening

9.（2012?上海?中考真題）Don'tjumptoaconclusion!Let's_theproblemfirst.

A.todiscussB.discussC.discussedD.discussing

10.（2015?上海?中考真題）Myfriendinvitedmetheartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.

A.joinB.tojoinC.joinedD.joining

11.（2013?上海?中考真題）EvenTony'sgranddaughter,afiveyearoldgirl,askedhimsmoking.

A.giveupB.gaveupC.togiveupD.givingup

12.（2022?上海?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thejouinalisthopedtothebraveactofthefireman.（reporter）

13.（2021?上海?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Somerainforestsarc1汰clytoifwcdon'ttakeactiontoprotectthem.

（appear）

A考向二動(dòng)名詞

曷頻易混?易借梳理/歸納

常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：

enjoy喜歡；mind介意；finish完成;keep持續(xù)；suggest建議；practice練習(xí)；consider考慮；

miss錯(cuò)過;imagine想象;avoid避免;can'thelp忍不住;goon繼續(xù);beworth值得;bebusy忙于

giveup放棄;succeedin成功，設(shè)法；lookforwardto期待；beusedto習(xí)慣于；endup以...結(jié)束

putoff推遲；payattentionto注意：beinterestedin對(duì)...感興趣

注意：含有介詞I。的固定短語：

make(a)contribution(s)to為...做貢獻(xiàn)

devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身，致力于...

lookforwardto期待，盼望

preferto比起...更喜歡....

beusedto習(xí)慣....適應(yīng).....

payattentionto注意

某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別

1.forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事

forgettodo?h.忘記要做某事（未做）

Iforgettobringmyhomework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。

Iforgetbringingmyhomework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。

2.remeniberdoingslh.記得做過某事

remembertodosth.記得去做某事（未做）

PleasercinciiiburlopostinyIcllcr.請(qǐng)記，得把我的信寄走。

Irememberpostingyourletter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。

3.trydoings【h.嘗試做某事

trytodosth.盡力做某事

Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.下次請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)法做得更好些。

HetriedspeakinginEnglish.他試著用英語講。

4.hear/seesb.doingsth.聽見/看見某人正在做某事

hear/seesb.doslh.聽見/看見某人做了某事

1oftenseehimplayfootball我經(jīng)常看見他踢球

IsawhimplayingfootballwentIpassed當(dāng)我經(jīng)過的時(shí)候，我看見他正在踢球

5.Stoptodosth停卜,去做某事

Stopdoingsth停止做某事

Sloptothinkaboutitforamoment.停下來想一下這件事。

Sloptalking,please.請(qǐng)不要說話。

6.Meantodosth打算做某事

Meandoingsth意味著

Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmelo.我想去，但我父親不肯讓我去。

Doingthatmeanswastinglime.做那件事意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

1.（2017上海?統(tǒng)考中考直題）Aftershefinishedthestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschool

newspaper.

A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading

2.（2022?上海?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhoursvolleyballeveryday.

A.practiseB.practisingC.topractiseD.practised

3.（2021?上海?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Michaelandhisfriendspractisetabletennisafterschooleveryday.

A.playB.playedC.playingD.toplay

4.（2020?上海?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theengineerswillkeeptheprojectwiththemanagerofthepany.

A.discussB.discussedC.discussingD.todiscuss

5.（2019?上海?中考真題）Wouldyoumind_carcofmypctfishwhileI'mawayonholiday?

A.takeB.takenC.totakeD.taking

6.（2012?上海?中考真題）Stopaboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimproveit.

A.plainingB.tuplainC.plainD.plained

7.（2018?上海?中考真題）Suepracticestheviolinhardandoftengiveswonderfulperformances.

A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing

8.（2017?上海?中考真題）（2017.上海）Theworkersarebusy_windowstothenewbuildingthesedays.

A.fixB.fixedC.fixingD.tofix

9.（2015?上海?中考真題）Martinwassobusy（heoldthathegaveuphispartlimejob.

A.helpingB.helpedC.lohelpD.help

10.（2013?上海?中考真題）Theretiredcoupleenjoyphotos.Theyalwaysgooutwiththeircameras

A.takeB.took

C.totakeD.taking

11.（2014?上海?中考真題）1wouldn'tmindaroommate.Wccanhelpeachotherandsavemoneyaswell.

A.havingB.tohave

C.haveD.had

A考向三分詞

高頻易混易錯(cuò)梳理/歸納

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

1.在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。

thesurprisingnews令人驚訝的消息

asurprisedman一個(gè)感到驚訝的人

amovingfilm一部感人的電影

themovedpeople被感動(dòng)的人們

2.在時(shí)間匕現(xiàn)在分詞表示TF在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過夫分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作八

thedevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家

thedevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國家

therisingsun正在升起的太陽

therisensun升起來的太陽

易混句式havesb.dosth.,havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的區(qū)別

1.havesb.doslh.意為“讓某人做某事”,have可以用let.make代替。不定式往往表示■次性的具體動(dòng)作,

且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。

Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵們讓這個(gè)男孩背對(duì)他的父親站著。

2.havcsb.doingsth.表示“使某人作出某種反應(yīng)”或“勸說/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句時(shí)表示“允許/

容忍某人做某事

Withinniinuteshehadthewholeaudiencelaughingandclapping.短短幾分鐘內(nèi)他就令全體觀眾歡笑、

鼓掌。

3.haveslh.done意為“讓某事被別人做“，即asksb.elsetodoslh.,過去分詞(done)所表示的動(dòng)作由他人

(非主語本身)來完成。

Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.這個(gè)司機(jī)一周讓人洗一次車。

1.（2011?上海?中考真題）Asweallknow,it'snotpolitetokeepothersfbralongtime.

A.wailB.waitedC.towaitD.wailing

2.（2023?上海長寧?統(tǒng)考二模）I'msorryIhavekeptyouforsuchalongtime.Thetrafficwasterrible.

A.waitingB.waitC.waitedD.towait

3.（2023?上海奉賢?統(tǒng)考一模）WhenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawadrone（無人機(jī)）overmyhead.

A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.fly

4.（2022?上海徐匯?統(tǒng)考二模）WhenIwalkedpastthemusicroom.Iheardsomeonethepianoinit.

A.toplayB.playedC.playingD.play

5.（2022?上海浦東新?統(tǒng)考一模）IsawTomfootballwithhisclassmalesatthreethisafternoon.

A.playsB.playedC.playingD.toplay

6.（2019上?上海虹口?九年級(jí)上外附中校考周測）一Wedidn'tfindTomthelecture.

—Noonehadtoldhimaboutalecturethefollowingday.

A.toattend;theretobeB.attending;therebeing

C.attended;therebeD.attend;therewas

7.（2019上?上海虹口?九年級(jí)上外附中?？贾軠y）Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologetic

smile,shestoodtotheground,whethertostayorleave.

A.rooted;wonderingB.toberooted;wonder

C.rooting;towonderD.toroot;wondered

8.（2019上?上海虹口?九年級(jí)上夕、附中?？贾軠y）Thetrafficrulesaysthatyoungchildrenundertheageoffour

andlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.

A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing

9.（2020上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Onmywayhome,Ialwaysnoticesomechildren

aroundinthegarden.

A.muB.（utunC.luiiiiiiigD.iuii5

10.（2019上?上海?九年級(jí)上海市民辦新竹園中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）Atthattimesomeboysbasketball

ontheplayground.

A.wereseenplayingB.wereseentoplayC.sawtoplayD.sawandplayed

i1.（2019?上海虹口?九年級(jí)?？计谥校㏕hebookheonthetableisstillthere.

A.lay,lyingB.laid,layingC.lied,lyingD.laid,lying

12.（.2022k?上海寶山?九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試）Therearealtogethersome200peopleinourvillage,【heoldpeople

andchildren,

A.includingB.includedC.areincludedD.areincluding

新題特訓(xùn)

命題點(diǎn)一：非謂語動(dòng)詞基本用法

1.（2023上?上海靜安?九年級(jí)?？计谥校㏄arentsoftenexpecttheirchildrenallthethingsthatthey

couldn'tdointhepast.

A.todoB.doingC.didD.do

2.（2023上?上海徐匯?九年級(jí)位育中學(xué)?？计谥校㎏eepingpetsusknowalotabouthowtocarefor

others.

A.helpsB.helpC.helpingD.helped

3.（2023上?上海徐匯?九年級(jí)位育中學(xué)校考期中）I'mseeingapatient.Wouldyoumindoutsidefora

moment?

A.waitB.waitingC.towaitD.haswaited

4.（2023上,上海楊浦?九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Ourskiingcoachwarnedusstraightdownthehill.

A.notgoB.notgoingC.nottogoD.don'tgo

5.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期中）YesterdayIgotupearlybelateforthelecturemadeby

awellknownprofessor.

A.inordertoB.soasnottoC.inordertonotD.sothat

6.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期中）Peterconsidersapetdogsothathewon,lfeellonelyat

home.

A.keepB.keepingC.keepsD.tokeep

7.（2023上?上海黃浦?九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Jennydeniedanythingaboutthemissingpurseyesterday

afternoon.

A.knowB.toknowC.knowingD.knew

8.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？计谥校㏒usanfinallybecameapopularsingeraftershe

practicedforyears.

A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sang

9.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？计谥校㊣willspendasmuchlimeasIcanthe

lesson.

A.gooverB.togooverC.goingoverD.goneover

10.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）ManypeopleinShanghaiafterspendingseveralyearshere.

A.usedtoliveB.usedtoliving

C.areusedtoliveD.areusedtoliving

11.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Tomtoldajokeinclassandmadeallofusalot.

A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed

12.（2017卜?八年級(jí)課時(shí)練習(xí)）Aftershefinishedthestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschool

newspaper.

A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading

13.（2021下?上海浦東新?八年級(jí)上海市進(jìn)才中學(xué)北校校考期末）Onlinecoursesenablestudentsat

theirpace.

A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.tolearning

14.（2022上?廣東湛江?九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí)）mypronunciation,Ireadaloudeverymorning.

A.PracticeB.PracticingC.TopracticeD.Practiced

15.（2022下?九年級(jí)單元測試）Moreandmoreparentsexpecttheirchildrenonputersless.

A.dependB.todependC.dependingD.depends

16.（2019?上海徐匯?統(tǒng)考三模）Themonitorsuggestedanoutingafterthemiddlctcrmexamatthe

weekend.

A.toorganizeB.organizedC.organizingD.organize

17.（2023匕上海嘉定?九年級(jí)?？计谀㊣nmyopinion,oneofthebestwaystoloseweightis

regularly.

A.exerciseB.toexerciseC.exercisedD.exercises

18.（2023上?上海嘉定?九年級(jí)校考期末）Aliceispracticinginthemusicroombecauseshewillgive

aperformanceattheSchoolArtFestival.

A.singingB.sangC.tosingD.sings

19.（2023上?上海嘉定?九年級(jí)?？计谀㊣fIcan'tfinishthereport,IwonUgotothecinemawithyou

tomorrow.

A.typeB.typedC.totypeD.typing

20.（2023上?上海徐匯?九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期末）Pansydeniedanarticleaboutdetectivesontheputerlast

week.

A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.towriting

命題點(diǎn)二：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞與詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

21.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)?？计谥校㏕hemagicianSimoncanmakethecoininhishandina

mirute.（appear）

22.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期中）“Ourjobistocustomerswell,pleasekeepitinmind^^

Themanagersaid,（service）

23.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Thegovemmentisplanningtomorejobsfortheyoung,

（creative）

24.（2023上?上海浦東新?九年級(jí)上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？计谥校〥on'talwaystrytoothers.It'sbad

manners,（foolish）

25.（2021上?上海黃浦?九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Ifyourneighborsareloo