eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解A(2018·合肥市調(diào)研性檢測)Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.Sincethe1980s,somehavespokenoutagainstcoffeeasit’sharmfultohealth,whileothershaveweledcoffeeforitssupposedbenefitstohealth.Accordingtoascientificreport,mildcoffeeconsumption,threetofivecupsperday,canbetakenasahealthydietarypattern,alongwithotherhealthfulbehavior.ThereportalsosaysthatcoffeeconsumptionhelpsreducetheriskofheartdiseaseanditprotectsagainstParkinson’sdisease.AccordingtoDr.DonaldHensrudofMayoClinic,highconsumptionofcoffeehashealthrisks.Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.Somestudiessaidthatdrinkingtwoormorecupsofcoffeedailycanactuallyincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseinthesepeople.AccordingtoconclusionsfromarecentstudyledbyDr.GregoryMarcus,adoctorfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,dailymoderateconsumptionofcaffeine,lessthan4cups,isnotassociatedwiththeseissues.Untilthescientificmunityreachesageneralagreementontheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhumanhealth,itwillbeuptotheindividualtodecidewhetherthebenefitsofdrinkingcoffeearegreaterthantherisks.Wheninformedofthesepossiblehealthbenefitsandharmofdrinkingcoffee,Harwood,ahighschoolstudentstated,“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人們對咖啡是否有益于身體健康的幾種不同觀點(diǎn)。1．Whatisthepeople’sattitudetowardstheeffectsofcoffeeonhealthaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful. D．Mixed.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，長期以來，飲用咖啡是否對健康有影響一直是有爭議的、不確定的。一些人認(rèn)為咖啡有害于健康，一些人則認(rèn)為其有益于健康。D項(xiàng)意為“混合的，混雜的”，符合題意，故D項(xiàng)正確。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Personal. B．Slight.C．Reasonable. D．Heavy.C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)essthan4cups”可知，飲用的咖啡不超過4杯；據(jù)此可以判斷，該句是說，每天攝入適量的咖啡因?qū)ι眢w無害。據(jù)此可知，畫線詞意為“適度的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。3．WhatcanweinferaboutHarwood?A．He’llkeepondrinkingcoffee.B．Heloveshishighschoollife.C．Heoftenfallsasleepinclass.D．Hehassomehealthproblems.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”可知，Harwood認(rèn)為，盡管喝咖啡可能會帶來一些負(fù)面影響，但大多數(shù)情況下，喝咖啡對健康有好處；更不用說，他需要咖啡來保持清醒。據(jù)此可以推斷，他將繼續(xù)喝咖啡，故A項(xiàng)正確。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyPeopleLoveCoffee?B．HowCoffeeAffectsHealth?C．TheCultureofCoffeeDrinkingD．TheNewFindingsofHeartDiseaseB解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了人們對咖啡是否有益于身體健康的不同說法。有人認(rèn)為適量飲用咖啡有益身體健康，有人卻認(rèn)為過量飲用咖啡會增加心臟病的發(fā)病率。據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。B(2018·遼寧五校聯(lián)考)Inthedeadofwinter，wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors，should.Theingtomanyphysiciansweshould.Thesunisourgreatestsourceofavitaminthatisessentialforgoodhealth—Vitamin D．Thisimportantvitaminstrengthensbonesandteethandislinkedtothepreventionofheartdisease，cancerandmanyotherlife-diseases.Thediseases.Theremendeddailyrequirementis400－600InternationalUnits(IU).Insummer,peoplewithdarkbrowneyesanddarkerskinturnsunlightfromjust15minutesoutsidewithoutsunscreenintoadequateamountsofVitaminD．Evenduringwinter,justa10-minutewalkatmiddaycankeepthebody’levels.Duringthealthylevels.Duringbriefwinterwalks，wereceivethegreatestbenefitswhenwewearnosunscreenandexposeasmuchskintothesunaspossible.foods.SalmonVitamin.Eggbtainedfromfoods.SalmonisoneofthebestsourcesoftheVitamin.Eggyolks(蛋黃)，cheese，mushroomsandsomeanimalorganscontainsmallerquantitiesofit.Toattractconsumers，foodpaniesaddVitaminDtosomproducts.The1930s.Atproducts.ThepracticeofputtingtheVitaminintomilkbeganinthe1930s.Atthattime，manychildrenweresufferingfromrickets，anillnessthatiscausedbyadeficiency(缺乏)ofVitamin D．Itmadethechildren’sbonessoftandweak.AddingVitaminDtomilkhelpedtosolvetheproblem,andithasbeenavailableeversince.ForpeoplewhostillneedmoreVitaminD,thereisanotheroption；TakeVitaminDsupplements(補(bǔ)充物)．Theseproductsarewidelysoldinstores.However，anyoneconsideringtakingsupplementsshouldconsultaphysicianfirst.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了維生素D的一些情況。5．Duringthewintermonths，people___________．A．a(chǎn)ren’tabletomeettheirdeadlinesB．oftendon’tdresswarmlyenoughC．generallyliketoremainindoorsD．leavelotsofworkforotherstodoC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Inthedeadofwinter，wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors，butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.”可知，在冬天人們愿意待在室內(nèi)。6．Accordingtothetext，VitaminD___________．A．canbeobtainedbybeingexposedtothesunB．canbeusedtocurelife-threateningdiseasesC．canbemainlyfoundinsomemilkproductsD．canmakethechildren’sbonessoftandweakA解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，維生素D可以通過曬太陽獲得，故選A。7．Whyissalmonmentionedinthisarticle?A．It’sseldompreparedinthecorrectway.B．It’sausefuladditiontoaperson’sdiet.C．Ithasahugeimpactontheenvironment.D．Itsadvantageshavebeenexaggerated.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，三文魚是補(bǔ)充維生素D的食物，因此對我們的飲食是有用的補(bǔ)充物，故選B。8．Themainpurposeofthisarticleis___________．A．tointroduceavaluablenutrientB．toadvertiseVitaminDsupplementsC．tonoterisksassociatedwithanutrientD．toexplainhowanutrientwasdiscoveredA解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹一種營養(yǎng)成分——維生素D。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空(2018·昆明高三復(fù)習(xí)適應(yīng)性檢測)IstartedservingthehomelesswhenIwaseightyearsold.Ididn’tknowthesepeoplewouldmakesuchabigdifferenceinmy1．TwiceamonthIgotothechurchandhelpgetthingsreadyfor2.Whenthegateisopened，peopleein3togetdrinks.Theytaketheirseatswhilebreakfastis4，andthenwebeginto5.Weeachtaketwoplatesandcarrythem6thelineastheplatesare7.Eachpersonreceivesseveralkindsoffoods.Iwalktothetablesand8theplatesbeforethem.AfterI’veservedthem，Iaskiftheyneed9elseandbringthemwhatevertheyaskfor.WhenIfirststartedserving，Iwasalittle10.AtfirstIstayedclosetomymommostofthetime，butafterIgottoknowthesestrangers，I11thattheywerefriendlypeople.Andthe12ofthemwasoftennicerthantheoutside.Irealizedthattherewasno13tobescared.Afterservingforafewmonths，Istartedto14seeingthesamepeopleeachweek.Allofthesepeoplemakemydaymuch15.Thepasttwoyearshasmadeabig16inmylife.Idothis17itistherightthingtodo.WhenIservepeople，Iwantthemtoknowthatsomeone18themandthattheymatter.Servingmakesmehappy,butevenmore19，itteachesmetoloveand20othersandhelpsmaketheworldabetterplace.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。“我”通過自己八歲跟隨媽媽到教堂做慈善活動的親身經(jīng)歷，感悟到了人生的意義。1．A.study B．workC．family D．lifeD解析：首先空處所在句是全文的主旨句，又根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句可知，這些人對“我”的人生(life)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。2．A.breakfast B．brunchC．lunch D．dinnerA解析：根據(jù)下文的breakfast可知，此處應(yīng)該是為早餐(breakfast)做準(zhǔn)備工作。故選A項(xiàng)。3．A.secretly B．quicklyC．slowly D．separatelyB解析：根據(jù)生活常識可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)進(jìn)教堂來取飲料。故選B項(xiàng)。4．A.ordered B．enjoyedC．prepared D．tastedC解析：根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，我們準(zhǔn)備早飯時，他們坐下來。故選C項(xiàng)。5．A.eat B．serveC．leave D．tryB解析：根據(jù)第一段的“Istartedservingthehomeless”可知，我們侍候無家可歸者，為他們提供飯菜。故選B項(xiàng)。6．A.before B．beyondC．a(chǎn)bove D．a(chǎn)longD解析：此處表示：我們每個人拿兩個盤子，沿著座位給他們端上食物。before“在……面前”；beyond“超出……的范圍”；above“在……上方”；along“沿著……旁邊”。故選D項(xiàng)。7．A.emptied B．washedC．filled D．driedC解析：根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)盤子被盛滿(filled)食物的時候我們才把盤子端給無家可歸者。故選C項(xiàng)。8．A.make B．setC．fix D．showB解析：根據(jù)空前的“Iwalktothetables”可知，“我”應(yīng)該是把盤子放置(set)在他們的餐桌上。故選B項(xiàng)。9．A.nothing B．everythingC．what D．a(chǎn)nythingD解析：根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，“我”詢問他們是否還有其他需要。故選D項(xiàng)。10．A.surprised B．embarrassedC．scared D．puzzledC解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，剛開始時“我”有點(diǎn)害怕(scared)。下文的“tobescared”也是提示。11．A.realized B．a(chǎn)dmittedC．claimed D．sworeA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，隨著“我”對這些人的深入了解，“我”意識到他們是友善的。realize“意識到”；admit“承認(rèn)”；claim“聲稱”；swear“發(fā)誓”。故選A項(xiàng)。12．A.past B．insideC．surface D．frontB解析：根據(jù)空后的“nicerthantheoutside”可知，空處應(yīng)用outside的反義詞inside。故選B項(xiàng)。13．A.way B．doubtC．reason D．wonderC解析：根據(jù)語境可知，這些人都很友好，“我”沒有理由(reason)