2/33第03講閱讀理解——研究報告類說明文目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u01課標達標練考向01考查研究報告problem--solution--result類考向02考查研究報告Findings/discoveries--evidence(experiment,result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)類考向03考查研究報告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion類02核心突破練研究報告說明文創(chuàng)新練03真題溯源練考向01考查研究報告problem--solution--result類1.（2025·寧夏回族自治區(qū)銀川一中月考）Somestudiesestimatethatby2025,about35.7millionAmericansor22%oftheworkforcewillberemoteworkers.Nowmorepeoplearechoosingtowelcomealocation-independent,technology-enabledlifestylethatallowsthemtotravelandworkremotely.Theyarecalleddigitalnomads(數字游民),andthetrendisbecomingmoreandmorewidespread.Thegrowingpopularityofthislocation-independentlifestylehasstimulatedaninterestindigitalnomadvisas.Asaresult,countriesareintroducingvisaoptionstolureforeignersforextendedstays.Forexample,Indonesiaannouncedthatthecountryisdevelopinganewvisathatwouldbeeffectiveforfiveyears—longerthananyotherdigitalnomadvisacurrentlyavailable.Theemergenceofdigitalnomadvisassignifiesaprogressiveresponsetotherisingdemandforthisnewlifestyle.Meanwhile,theconventionalimageofdigitalnomadsisundergoingatransformation.Digitalnomadsusedtobethoughtofastwenty-somethingsbackpackingfromhosteltohostel,lookingforanywheretheycouldplugintheirlaptop.Butflexibleworkandhomeschoolinghavehelpedintroduceanewtypeofdigitalnomadthatwantstoseetheworldandcreatelastingmemorieswiththeirfamilies.It’scalledthe“anywhereworker”.Mostanywhereworkerscanbefoundinhigh-techjobs,with61%workingfull-time.Almosthalfofpeopleinthiscategoryaremarried,and,unlikethetypicaldigitalnomad,70%areparentswhotaketheirfamilieswiththem.Consistentwiththechangingimageofdigitalnomads,thereisalsoashiftfromvaluingpossessionstofocusingonexperiences.Millennilsinparticular,arefuelingthistrend.Ratherthanspendingmoneyonexpensivewatchesorluxurycars,youngergenerationsprefertoinvestinexperienceslikeconcerts,rockclimbingandtraveling.Accordingtoonestudy,morethanthreeinfourMillennialswouldratherspendtheirhard-earnedmoneyonathrillingexperienceoreventoverbuyingaproduct.Asremoteworkopportunitiesincrease,thetrendoflivingadigitalnomadiclifestyleisexpectedtocontinuegrowing,allowingmoreindividualstopursuetheirdreamlifestyles.Nevertheless,whetherornotitwillstandthetestoftimeremainstobeseen.1．Whatmakesremoteworkpossible?A．Theriseofdigitalnomads.B．Thetechnologyadvancement.C．Theavailabilityofdigitalnomadvisas.D．Theincreaseddemandforwork-lifebalance.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ure”meaninParagraph2?A．Request. B．Entertain. C．Fascinate. D．Guide.3．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．TheshoppinghabitsofMillennials.B．TheanalysisofMillennials’image.C．Thechangingvaluesofdigitalnomads.D．Thebenefitsofadigitalnomadiclifestyle.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdigitalnomads?A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Ambiguous.2.（2025·陜西省西安高新唐南中學第七次模擬）TheEvolutionofAerospace:TrendsandProspectsTheaerospaceindustryisonthelimitofarevolutionaryera,drivenbytechnologicaladvancements,sustainabilitygoals,andevolvinggeopoliticaldynamics.Asweapproach2025,severalkeytrendsaresettoredefinethisdynamicsector.ArtificialIntelligence(AI)andautonomoussystemsarebecomingdeeplyembeddedinaerospaceanddefense.AIisenhancingairtrafficcontrolandflightmanagement,optimizing(優(yōu)先)lightpaths,andimprovingfuelefficiency.Autonomousaircraft,includingdronesandeVTOLs(electricVerticalTakeoffandLandingvehicles),arerapidlyadvancing.Theseinnovationspromisetorevolutionizeurbanairmobilityandmilitaryoperations.Theindustryisalsofocusinganreducingitsenvironmentalimpact.Electricandhybrid-electricaircraftarebeingdevelopedbycompanieslikeAirbusandBoeing.SustainableAviationFuels(SAFs)andadvancedmaterialslikecarbonfibercomposites(復合材料)arealsogainingtraction(拉力).Theseeffortsaimtomakeairtravelmoreeco-friendly.Spaceremainsacriticaldomain(領域)forbothcommercialanddefenseinterests.PrivatecompanieslikeSpaceXandBlueOriginaredrivingthecommercializationofspace.By2025,wecanexpectsignificantadvancementsinspacetourism,satellitelaunches,andlunarexploration.Governmentsarealsoincreasingtheirfocusonspacedefense,developinganti-satelliteweaponsandmissiledefensesystems.Despitetheseadvancements,theaerospaceindustryfacesseveralchallenges.Supplychainissues,workforceshortages,andgeopoliticaltensionsaremajorconcerns.However,theindustryisadaptingthroughAI-drivensolutions,strategicpartnershipsandincreasedinvestmentincybersecurity.By2025,theaerospaceindustrywillbeshapedbytheintegrationofAI,thecommercializationofspace,andagrowingemphasisonsustainability.Thesetrendswillcreatenewopportunitiesandchallenges,requiringinnovationandadaptability.Astheindustrynavigatesthesechanges,itwillcontinuetoplayacrucialroleinglobalsecurity,economicdevelopment,andtechnologicalprogress.1．HowisAIbeingusedintheaerospaceindustry?A．Toreducethenumberofflights.B．Tooptimizeflightpathsandimprovefuelefficiency.C．Toreplacehumanpilotscompletely.D．Toincreasethecostofairtravel.2．Whyisspacedefensebecomingatoppriority?A．Decreasinginterestinsatellitecommunication.B．Reductionincommercialspaceactivities.C．Declininginvestmentinspaceexploration.D．Growingrelianceonspace-basedfacilitiesandrisingthreats.3．Whatchallengesdoestheaerospaceindustryface?A．Supplychainissuesandworkforceshortages.B．Decreasingdemandforairtravel.C．Lackoftechnologicalinnovation.D．Reducedinvestmentincybersecurity.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheaerospaceindustry?A．Skeptical. B．Pessimistic. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.3.（2025·浙江省杭州市高三二模）MostpeopleseeinnovationasaflashofbrillianceandEureka,anewworldisborn.WhenAlexanderFlemingreturnedtohislabin1928,hefoundabacteriaculturehehadgrownwasinfectedbyfungus(霉菌),killinganycoloniesittouched.Ratherthansimplystartingover,Flemingswitchedhisfocustothefungus.Heidentifiedthebacteria-killingsubstance,whichhecalled“penicillin”,andseeminglyinasinglestroke,createdthenewfieldofantibiotics.Thetruth,however,ismessier.Itwasn’tuntil1943thatpenicillincameintowidespreaduse.ToputFleming’sdiscoveryincontext,considerIgnazSemmelweis,whopioneeredhandwashinginmaternitywards(產房),significantlyreducingchildbedfeverbutreceivingscorninsteadoffame.Thatwasbecauseinthe1850s,hisideasconflictedwiththepopularmiasmatheory,whichattributeddiseaseto“badairs”.Afterhisdeathin1865,germtheorywasaccepted,pavingthewayforFleming’slaterwork.Flemingwasagiftedbiologistbutapoorcommunicator.Whenhepublishedhisresultsin1929,fewtooknotice.In1935,HowardFloreyandErnstChaindiscoveredFleming’spaper,understooditsimportance,anddevelopedmethodstoproducepenicillininquantity.By1943,withWorldWarIIraging,theWarProductionBoardenlisted21companiestomass-producepenicillin,savingcountlesslivesandusheringinthenewageofantibiotics.Fleming,FloreyandChainreceivedtheNobelPrizeforMedicinein1945.Penicillinowesmuchofitssuccesstogovernmentsupport.FormanyothergroundbreakinginnovationsliketheInternetandGPS,theirinnovators,whilecarvingtheirownpath,areoftenuncertainofwheretheopportunityliesuntiltheyteamupwithothervisionariesandcorporations,whomighthavetheresourcestofast-tracktheirideas.So,lookatanysignificantinnovationandthemythofthelonegeniusandthe“eurekamoment”breaksdown.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anaccountofalabstory. B．Redefinitionofatraditionalview.C．Correctionofapopularmisconception. D．Ananalysisofascientificphenomenon.2．WhatisthemessageconveyedaboutFleming’sstory?A．Greatmindsthinkalike.B．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C．Luck’sgotyourbackwhenitcomestosuccess.D．Earlyworkisasteppingstonetolaterbreakthroughs.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“usheringin”meaninparagraph3?A．Delaying. B．Introducing. C．Predicting. D．Transforming.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．GreatInnovations:IndividualsAreTrueHeroes.B．FromFailuretoSuccess:TheStoryofPenicillin.C．TheLoneGenius:Fleming’sDiscoveryofPenicillin.D．TheLongRoadtoPenicillin:HowInnovationHappens.考向02考查研究報告Findings/discoveries--evidence(experiment,result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)類1.（2025屆遼寧省沈陽市東北育才學校高三下學期適應性考試）Thefutureofspacefoodcouldbesimpleandstrange.Fordecades,astronautshavereliedmostlyonprepackagedfoodortheoccasionalgrownvegetablesduringtheirvisitstoouterspace.WithmissionsbeyondEarth’sorbitinsight,aNASAledcompetitionishopingtochangeallthatandstartaneweraofsustainablespacefood.Tosolvetheproblemoffeedingastronautsonlongdurationmissions,theUSspaceagencystartedtheDeepSpaceFoodChallengeinJanuary2022,askingcompaniestoproposenovelwaystodevelopsustainablefoodsforfuturemissions.About200companiesentered,whichwerenarroweddownto11teamsinJanuary2023aspartofphase2.OnNovember19,NASAannouncedtheteamsthatwillprogressintothefinalphaseofthecompetition,withsomewinnerstobeannouncedinMarch,2025.Allteamshadtoshowsystemsthatcouldoperateforthreeyearsandfeedacrewoffouronafuturespacemission.Theproposalsdidnotneedtosupplyacrew’sentirediet,buttheydidneedtocreateavarietyofnutritiousfoodstotheastronauts.Onecompanytookanincrediblyunusualapproachtothetask.AirCompany,basedinNewYork,designedasystemthatcouldusethecarbondioxidebreathedoutbyastronautsinspacetoproducealcohol,whichcanthenbefedtoyeast(酵母)andproduce“somethingthat’ssuitableforeating”.“It’smakingfoodoutoftheair.”saysStaffordSheehan,co-founderandchieftechnologyofficerofAirCompany,“Itsoundslikemagic,butwhenyouseeitactuallyoperating,it’smuchmoresimple.”InterstellarLabinFloridahadadifferentapproach.Itssystem,calledNUCLEUS,isasetofsmallcapsules.Eachisself-contained,withitsowntemperature,wateringsystem,etc.Thatwouldallowdifferentvegetablestobeplantedsothatastronautscaneasilygrowtheirownfoodinspace.WhilethewinningideasfromtheDeepSpaceFoodChallengewon’timmediatelybeusedbyastronauts,theyshowwhatmightbepossibleonfuturemissions.“You’vegottostartyearsinadvancetomakesureyouhavethecapabilityinplacewhenyouneedit,”saysRalphFritsche,seniorprojectmanagerforspacecropproductionatNASA’sKennedySpaceCenterinFlorida.1．WhywastheDeepSpaceFoodChallengelaunched?A．Tofindtastyfoodsforastronauts.B．Tofoundaspacefoodsupplycenter.C．Todevelopanewsourceofspacefood.D．Toattractastronautstofoodexploration.2．Whichmightbetherequirementtobecomethewinningcompany?A．Futurespacemissionslastingthreeyears.B．Entiredietsforlong-lastingspaceresearch.C．Concreteproposalsinvolvingacrewoffour.D．Sustainablesupplyofnutritiousspacefoods.3．Whatdoparagraphs4and5focuson?A．Describingfuturespacefood.B．Showingsolutionsfromcompetingcompanies.C．Introducingthecurrentstatusofspacefood.D．Explainingthenutritionalneedsofspacefood.4．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．Astronautsproducemorespacefood.B．Spaceexplorersfacealackofnutrition.C．Newtypesofspacefoodsareontheway.D．Futurespacemissionslastevenlonger.2.（2025·安徽省合肥市第七中學高三第四次質檢）Aglobalstudycomparing2,062birdsfindsthat,inhighlyvariableenvironments,birdstendtohaveeitherlargerorsmallerbrainsrelativetotheirbodysize.Birdswithsmallerbrainstendtouseecologicalstrategiesthatarenotavailabletobig-brainedones.

“Thefactisthatthereareagreatmanyspeciesthatdoquitewellwithsmallbrains,”saidTrevorFristoe,firstauthorofthestudyfromWashingtonUniversity.

Previousstudieshadfoundgeneraltrendstowardlargerrelativebrainsizesathigherlatitudes(緯度),whereconditionsaremorevariable.Thisnewstudyisdifferentbecauseitlooksatthefulldistributionofbrainsizesacrossenvironments,allowingtheresearcherstotestwhetherdifferentsizesareover-orunder-represented.Theyfoundthatathigherlatitudes,birdbrainsaresignificantlymorelikelytobeeitherrelativelylargeorrelativelysmallcomparedtobodysize.Whatwasgoingonhere?Fristoe,borninAlaska,hadafewideas.HesuggeststhattheAlaska

statebird,theptarmigan(雷鳥),mightbeatypicalexampleofthesmall-brainedspecies.Lovablethoughitis,it’snotexactlyknownforitssmarts.Theptarmigancan,however,feedonbranchesandwillowleaves.“Wefindthatsmall-brainedspeciesintheseenvironmentsemploystrategiesthatareunachievable

withalargebrain.Thesespeciesareabletoliveonreadilyavailablebutdifficulttodigestresourcessuchasneedlesofconifers(針葉樹),orevenbranches.Thesefoodscanbefoundevenduringextremewinterconditions,buttheyarefibrousandrequirealargegut(腸道)todigest,”Fristoesaid.“Guttissue,likebraintissue,isenergeticallydemanding,andlimitedbudgetsmeanthatitischallengingtomaintainalotofboth.”“Brainsarenotevolvingseparately—theyarepartofabroadersuiteofadaptationsthathelpcreaturessucceedintheirlives,”saidCarlosBotero,assistantprofessorofbiologyandco-authorofthestudy.“Biologists,ourselvesincluded,havehistoricallybelievedthatenvironmentalvariabilitydrivestheexpansionofbrainsize.Butwhenwetakeabroaderview,werealizethatotherstrategiesalsowork—andremarkably,thealternativehereinvolvesmakingabrainactuallysmaller!”1．HowdoesFristoe’sresearchdifferfrompreviousstudies?A．Itarrivesataconflictingconclusion. B．Itfocusesonbirdswithsmallerbrains.C．Itcoversawiderrangeofbrainsizes. D．Itrevealsbirds’evolvingprocesses.2．Whatdoweknowabouttheptarmigan?A．Itisconsideredfairlyintelligent. B．Ithasapowerfuldigestingsystem.C．Ithasarelativelylargebodysize. D．Ithasaselectivefeedinghabit.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutsmallerbrainsfromBotero’swords?A．Theyaretypicalofindependentevolution. B．Theyarearesultoflimitedbudgets.C．Theyarenotforvariableenvironments. D．Theyareaneffectivesurvivalstrategy.4．whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheSmallertheBrain,theSmarter B．BigBrains:AdapttoHigherLatitudesC．BigBrainsorBigGuts:ChooseOne D．EvolutionsofBrainSizeinBirds3.（2025·河北省石家莊市普通高中畢業(yè)年級教學質量檢測（三））ScientistshavebeenlookingatDNAtostorealltypesofdata,notjustbiological,butalsodigital.YetwhileDNAisagreatstoragematerial,it’salsoquitedelicate.Waterorheatcandamageiteasilyunlessit’sgivenanamber-like(似琥珀)coating.Thatnewideawasborrowedfromthe1993movieJurassicPark,inwhichscientistscloneddinosaursfromDNAtrappedinamber.DNAistheworld’soldestdatastoragedevice.ThemostamazingthingaboutDNAisthatitcanpotentiallybeusedtostoreanytypeofdata.PuttinginformationintoDNAusesaprocesscalledencoding.“Yourcomputerstoresinformationinabinaryformat(二進制),zeroesandones,”notesKarishmaMatange,acomputationalbiologist.“EncodingworkstochangethesezeroesandonesintoA,C,GandT,theDNAbasesthatcanstoreinformation.”TheorderofthebasesinDNAiscalledsequence(序列),whichspellsouttheinformationitholds.TopullinformationbackoutfromtheDNA,yourewindtheprocess.ScientistscanstoreDNAforlongperiods.Butitrequiresfreezingtemperatures,specialequipmentanddangerouschemicals,whichmakestheprocesscostly.JamesBanal,ascientistinSanCarlos,California,andhisteamcameupwithanewmethodT-REX.HisteamusesthismethodtotrapDNAinamaterialsimilartoplastic.“Plasticsaredurable.”Banalpointsout.Besides,T-REXisacheapalternativetoencloseDNA．Totestit,theteamencodedtheJurassicParkthememusicandaperson’sgenomeintoDNA．ThentheyputtheDNAintheglassyplastic.DampandheatareDNA’sbiggestthreats.ButtheT-REXmaterialkeepsdampout.Theresearchersheateditupto75°Celsius.Later,theygottheDNAbybreakingthecoatingdown.Thebestpart,Banalsays,isthatthebroken-downmaterialcanbereusedtostoreDNAagain.BanalandhiscolleagueswanttousetheT-REXmethodtopreservegeneticdataorevensafelystorebiologicalsamplesthatwillbelaunchedintospace.Andwemightonedayuseittostorethemassiveamountsofdatapeoplegenerateeveryday.1．HowisdigitalinformationstoredintoDNA?A．ByturningbinarycodeintoDNAbases.B．ByfreezingtheDNAatlowtemperatures.C．BycoatingtheDNAwithambermaterial.D．BysequencingDNAfromancientsamples.2．WhatisthemainadvantageoftheT-REXmethodforDNAstorage?A．BreakingDNAdownwithchemicals.B．Offeringcost-effectivestorageofDNA．C．HelpingDNAsurviveextremewetness.D．WithdrawingwholeDNAfromdinosaurs.3．WhatwilltheDNAstoragetechnologybeusedforinthefuture?A．Cloningextinctdinosaurs. B．Reducingglobalplasticpollution.C．Preservingdiversesamples. D．Speedingfuturespaceexploration.4．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．AbreakthroughinDNAdatastoragetechnology.B．HowdigitaltechnologyadvancesDNAanalysis.C．ThebiologicalapplicationsofDNArepairingsystem.D．HowJurassicParkinspiredDNApreservationresearch.4.（2025·廣東省深圳市羅湖外語學校期中）ResearchledbytheUniversityofLeedshasfoundthatchildrendobetteratprimaryschooliftheirfathersregularlyspendtimewiththemoninteractiveengagement(互動式參與)activitieslikereading,playing,tellingstories,drawingandsinging.Analyzingprimaryschooltestscoresforfive-andseven-year-olds,theresearchersusedarepresentativesampleofnearly5,000mother-fatherhouseholdsinEngland.Accordingtotheresearch,dadswhoregularlydrew,playedandreadwiththeirthree-year-oldshelpedtheirchildrendobetteratschoolbyagefive.Dadsbeinginvolvedatagefivealsohelpedimprovescoresinseven-year-olds’KeyStageAssessments.DrHelenNorman,wholedtheresearch,said,“Mothersstilltendtoassumetheprimarycarerroleandthereforetendtodothemostchildcare,butiffathersactivelyengageinchildcaretoo,itsignificantlyincreasesthelikelihoodofchildrengettingbettergradesinprimaryschool.Thisiswhyencouragingandsupportingfathersinsharingchildcarewiththemother,fromanearlystageinthechild'slife,iscritical.”Dads’involvementimpactedpositivelyontheirchildren’sschoolachievementregardlessofthechild'sgender,ethnicity,ageintheschoolyearandhouseholdincome,accordingtotheresearch.Thereweredifferenteffectswhenmomsanddadstookpartinthesameactivities-thedatashowedthatmomshadmoreofanimpactonyoungchildren'semotionalandsocialbehaviorsthaneducationalachievement.Theresearchersrecommendthatdadsspareasmuchtimeastheycantoengageininteractiveactivitieswiththeirchildreneachweek.Forbusy,workingdads,evenjusttenminutesadaycouldpotentiallyhaveeducationalbenefits.Theyalsorecommendthatschoolsandearlyyearseducationprovidersroutinelytakebothparents'contactdetailsanddevelopstrategiestoengagefathersandkeeparecordoffather-engagement.DrJeremyDavies,whoco-authoredthereport,said,“Ouranalysishasshownthatfathershaveanimportant,directimpactontheirchildren’slearning.Weshouldberecognizingthisandactivelyfindingwaystosupportdadsinplayingtheirpart,ratherthanengagingonlywithmothers,ortakingagender-neutralapproach.”1．Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A．Byassessingparent-childrelationships. B．Byobservingeducationalparent-childactivities.C．Byclassifyingchildren'sindividualinterests. D．Byexaminingchildren’sacademicperformance.2．WhatdoesHelenNormantrytotellusinParagraph3?A．Sharedchildcareishighlybeneficial. B．Educationstartsfromthefamily.C．Childrenneedasenseofbelonging. D．Fatherexcelsineducatingchildren.3．Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersrecommend?A．Fathersreduceworkinghours. B．Schoolsinvolvefathersinchildren’slearning.C．Motherskeeptrackofchildren'sstudies. D．Educatorsfindwaystosupportmothers.4．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheShiftinParents’RolesinChildcare. B．TheImpactofFathersonChildren’sEducation.C．Momvs.Dad:WhoInfluencesKidsMore? D．InteractiveActivities:HowDoTheyAffectKids’Grades?5.（2025·江西省南昌市青山湖區(qū)江西師范大學附屬中月考）Teenagerswhohaveclose,securerelationshipswiththeirfamiliesaremorelikelytoextendempathy(同理心)totheirpeers,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy,conductedattheUniversityofVirginia’sAdolescentResearchGroup,followed174adolescentsfromtheagesof14to18totracktheirprogressannually.Atage14,researchersinterviewedtheteensregardingtheirfamilyrelationshipsusingamodifiedversionoftheAdultAttachmentInterview,whichisconsideredthe“goldstandard”ofassessingone’sattachmentstateofmind.JessicaStern,leadauthorofthestudy,saidthismotivatedtheteenstosharedescriptionsandstoriesabouttheirfamilies.Researcherspaidattentiontonotonlywhattheteenssaidbutalsohowtheyexpressedit.Aftertheseinitialinterviews,researcherswentbacktotheparticipantsatages16,17and18andobservedtheirinteractionswithaclosefriend.Theresearchersnotedhowtheparticipantsrespondedwhentheirfriendpresentedaproblemandrevealedittothem,assessingtheparticipants’extensionofempathy.Teenswhohadmoresecurefamilyrelationshipsshowedhigherempathytowardtheirfriendsatages16and17thanlesssecureteens.It’snotallbadnews,though,becausethelesssecureteens“caughtup”intheirempathicbehaviorbyage18.Thisiscauseforhope,Sternsaid,becauseitmayindicatethatthoseempathicskillscandevelopovertimeforadolescentswhodon’thavegreatrelationshipsathome.Havingstrongfriendshipsoratrustedteachermightmakeanimpactoninsecureteens’empathy.Moreresearchisbeingconductedonthisparticulargroupofparticipants,whoarenowintheirmid-30s.Theresearchersareinterestedinseeinghowtheempathicabilitiestheyexaminedintheteensnowshapetheirromanticrelationshipsandparentingbehaviorasadults.Beingable

topickuponotherpeople’semotionsandseefromtheirpointofviewisimportant“foravarietyofotherthingsthatweconsidersuccessintheworld,”Sternsaid.Forparentsandeventeachers,Sternadvisesunderstandingthenecessityofempathyandreallyinvestinginrelationshipswithteens.Providingmodelsofempathicbehavior,includingtreatingotherswithkindness,respectandsupport,canhelpadolescentsinternalizethatbehavior.1．Whatdoweknowabouttheresearch?A．Itwasalong-termstudy.B．Itrevealedgenderdifferences.C．Itinvolvedbigdataanalysis.D．Itexploredproblem-solvingstrategies.2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelesssecureteensduringthestudy?A．Theyshowedadeclineinempathy.B．Theybecamemoreeagerforempathy.C．Theymaintainedconsistentlevelsofempathy.D．Theyinitiallystruggledbutimprovedinempathy.3．Whatwouldhelpadolescentsdevelopempathyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Demonstratingempathyinaction.B．Rewardingtheirprogressinempathy.C．Engagingtheminclassroomdiscussions.D．Monitoringtheirinterpersonalrelationships.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thepowerofempathyforfuturesuccess.B．Teenagers’empathylinkedtofamilybonds.C．Theimpactoffriendshiponadolescentempathy.D．Attachmenttheoryandteens’empathydevelopment.6.（2025屆北京市精華學校高三三模）Risingglobalcarbondioxidelevelstiedtoglobalwarmingmaynotbeascrucialindeterminingthecompositionofplantcommunitiesasotherlocalizedclimatechanges.“Nobodyreallyknowswhattheincreasesincarbondioxidearegoingtoentailintermsoffuturechangesinvegetationtypes,”saidMarkBrenner,aUniversityofFloridaassistantprofessorofpaleolimnology,thestudyofancientlakes.“Itlookslikeclimatechangesindifferentareasmaybemoreimportantthancarbondioxide,atleastcarbondioxidebyitself,”hesaid.Brenner’sresearchteambasedtheirconclusionsonananalysisofsediment(沉積物)fromtwolakebottoms,oneinnorthernMexicoandoneinnorthernGuatemala.Theresearchersusednewtechniquesthatallowedthemtoanalyzeonlytheremainsoflandplants,specificallytheirleafwaxes.Bymeasuringtheisotopecompositionoftheleafwaxes,theresearcherswereabletodistinguishtwobroadcategoriesofplantslivingintheseareas—so-calledC3andC4plants,whichhavedifferentphotosynthetic(光合作用的)processes,theprocessbywhichgreenplantsturncarbondioxideandwaterintofoodusingenergyfromsunlight.ManyC4plantsaretropicalgrasses,whilemosttropicaltreesareC3plants.Theresearchersanalyzedsedimentsdepositedoverthelast27,000years,fromthelasticeagetothecurrentgeologicalperiod.Overthisperiod,therewasaworldwide,relativelyuniformincreaseinatmosphericcarbondioxideconcentrations.Brennersaidthatifcarbondioxideplayedthemajorroleindeterminingplantcomposition,onewouldassumethatanalysisofthesedimentswouldrevealverysimilarchangesinrelativeabundanceofC3andC4plantsinthetwoplacesoverthestudyperiod.But,infact,theresearchersfoundthattrendsinthetwotypesofplantsweredifferentatthetwolocations.Thechangeswererelatednotwithcarbondioxidelevels,butwithshiftsinrainfall.“Theresultappearstobethatclimatefactors,especiallymoistureavailability,determinewhetherC4orC3plantsdominateinanarea,notcarbondioxide,”Brennersaid.Manyscientistsbelieveglobalwarmingwillcausemajorvariationinlocalclimatesworldwide,withsomewetareasbecomingdryanddryareasbecomingwet.Ifthathappens,itcouldhavemoreimpactonrelativeC3versusC4plantdistributionthantherisingcarbondioxidelevels.1．Whatcanbeinferredinthefirstparagraph?A．C