高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省仙桃市2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheNationalGalleryDiscoverthecollectionTheNationalGallerydisplaysoneofthefinestandmostcomprehensivecollectionsofEuropeanpainting.Itincludesmanyfamousworks,suchasVanEyck’sArnolfiniPortrait,Velazquez’sRokebyVenus,Turner’sFightingTemeraireandVanGogh’sSunflowers.AllmajortraditionsofWesternEuropeanpaintingarerepresentedfromtheartistsoflatemedievalandRenaissanceItalytotheFrenchImpressionists.Thisplanwillhelpyoutoexplorethecollection.Youmaywishtostartbyfindingoneofthefamouspaintingsillustratedoverleaf.YoucanalsoplanyourrouteusingtheArtStarttouch-screenguides.Freeguidedtoursandavarietyofaudioguidesareavailable.Forfurtherinformation,askatInformationDesksorpickuptheWhat’sOnandBookNowguidesforfulldetailsoftalks,toursandfamilyevents.ApubliccollectionThepaintingsintheNationalGallerybelongtothepublicandentrancetoseethemisfree.TheGallerywasfoundedin1824,butitdidnotacquireitscurrenthome,designedbyWilliamWilkins,until1838.ThesiteinTrafalgarSquarewaschosenforitscentrallocation,accessibletoboththerichofWestLondonandthepoorercommunitiesoftheEastEnd.Thebuildinghasbeenextendedandimprovedovertheyears,mostnotablyin1991withtheopeningoftheSainsburyWing,designedbyVenturi,ScottBrown&Associates.TheGallerycontinuestoensurethatthewidestpossiblepubliccanenjoythepaintings.Ifyoudonotwishtokeepthisplan,pleasereturnittoanInformationDeskforrecycling.1.HowcanvisitorsfindtheillustratedpaintingSunflowers?A.Askforanaudioguide.B.ReadBookNowguides.C.Searchitonthebackoftheplan.D.UsetheArtStarttouch-screenguides.2.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheNationalGallerybuilding?A.Ithasbeenexpandedovertime.B.ItwasdesignedbyVenturialone.C.WilkinsdesignedtheSainsburyWing.D.Itscurrentformwascompletedin1824.3.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Apersonaldiary. B.Atravelwebsite.C.Asciencemagazine. D.Amuseumleaflet.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了國家美術(shù)館的藏品、參觀方式、建筑歷史等信息?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Youmaywishtostartbyfindingoneofthefamouspaintingsillustratedoverleaf.(你可能希望從反面插圖的一幅名畫開始。)”可知，“overleaf”意思是“在背面”，這表明可以在計(jì)劃（plan）的背面找到有圖示的著名畫作，《向日葵》是著名畫作之一。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thebuildinghasbeenextendedandimprovedovertheyears,mostnotablyin1991withtheopeningoftheSainsburyWing,designedbyVenturi,ScottBrown&Associates.(多年來，該建筑一直在擴(kuò)建和改進(jìn)，最引人注目的是1991年由文丘里，斯科特布朗和聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)的塞恩斯伯里翼的開放。)”可知，關(guān)于國家美術(shù)館可以了解到隨著時(shí)間的推移，它已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大了。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了國家美術(shù)館的藏品、參觀方式、建筑歷史等信息，整體是關(guān)于美術(shù)館的介紹，所以最有可能來自博物館的傳單（museumleaflet）。BNotlongbeforewritingthisnote,IsetoutwithGracietohikeafavoritetrail,whichishowIfoundmyselfoutofbreathupasteepBerkshireshillsideinlate-wintersnow.Thetrailhadn’tbeenbroken,andtherewasawildwind.Ipausedatafork.Onewayledtothehighestpointinthepreserve,ourgoalfortheday,andtheotherdescended,wrappedaroundthecliffandbacktotheparkingarea.Alongerbuteasiertrailthatpassedbyanimpressivebeaverdamwealwayslovedtosee.Graciesat,herwaggingtailmakingaone-wingedsnowangel.IthoughtofcancersurvivorLynneHartke’sbravestoryinthisissue,aboutstruggletoreachthetopofElMinsti,adormantvolcanoinPeru,andthelessonshelearned.LikeLynne,Ihatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifminewasmoremodest.Yetmaybe,likeLynne,IshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod’splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday.Wedon’tpickstoriesforanissuearoundacertaintheme.Still,athemesometimessuggestsitselfasthepiecesdevelop.Takeourcoverstory,byMaryBryantShrader.Herplanwastobecomeahard-chargingcorporatelawyer.Nowshe’saYouTubecookingstarandprepper,teachingpeopletraditionalwaysofkeepingakitchen.Littledidsheknowhowthatphilosophywouldinfluenceherfaithinamomentofcrisis.Inherstory,NightandDay,allJessicaReeddesiredforwastobenormal.Yetwasherideaof“normal”God’sidea?Takeacross-countryridewithJimHinchandsoninTheTwoDudes,andwitnesshowthebest-laidplansofafathercantakeadifferentturn.Inmylife,I’velearnedthatthepathlaidoutbeforemewasnottheoneIthoughtIwouldfollow.Andyetithasbroughtgreatfortune.Evenonalate-winterdayonasnowyhillsidetrail.“Comeon,Gracie,”Isaid.“Let’sgoseethebeavers.”4.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenpausingatthefork?A.Confident. B.Hesitant. C.Determined. D.Impatient.5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“modest”inparagraph2?A.Ordinary. B.Challenging. C.Expensive. D.Hidden.6.WhatiscommonamongLynneHartke,MaryShrader,andJessicaReed?A.Theyfailedincareer. B.Theyshiftedpersonalgoals.C.Theybrokeformerplans. D.Theyfoundfaiththroughnature.7.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Tocriticizestrictplanning. B.Topromotereligiousbeliefs.C.Toencourageflexiblethinking. D.Todescribeahikingadventure.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和寵物狗在雪天徒步旅行時(shí)，在岔路口做出選擇，進(jìn)而引發(fā)對(duì)人生中計(jì)劃與變故的思考，并通過列舉他人的故事，鼓勵(lì)人們靈活看待人生?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“LikeLynne,Ihatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifminewasmoremodest.Yetmaybe,likeLynne,IshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod’splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday.(像林恩一樣，我也不喜歡在達(dá)到目標(biāo)之前就放棄，即使我的目標(biāo)更modest。然而，也許和林恩一樣，我應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，我的計(jì)劃并不總是上帝的計(jì)劃，至少今天不是，也許在任何一天都不是)”可知，作者提到自己和Lynne一樣不喜歡在達(dá)到目標(biāo)前放棄，但又在思考也許自己的計(jì)劃并不總是對(duì)的，由此可推斷出作者在岔路口時(shí)內(nèi)心是猶豫的，不確定該選擇哪條路，所以Hesitant“猶豫的”符合作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。A.Confident自信的；C.Determined堅(jiān)定的；D.Impatient不耐煩的。故選B?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“LikeLynne,Ihatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifmiCnewasmoremodest.Yetmaybe,likeLynne,IshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod’splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday.(像林恩一樣，我也不喜歡在達(dá)到目標(biāo)之前就放棄，即使我的目標(biāo)更modest。然而，也許和林恩一樣，我應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，我的計(jì)劃并不總是上帝的計(jì)劃，至少今天不是，也許在任何一天都不是)”可知，作者將Lynne爬秘魯?shù)幕鹕胶妥约旱耐讲侥繕?biāo)對(duì)比，說明自己的目標(biāo)相對(duì)而言沒有那么宏大、不一般，是較為普通的，Ordinary“普通的”符合語境。B.Challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；C.Expensive昂貴的；D.Hidden隱藏的。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Takeourcoverstory,byMaryBryantShrader.Herplanwastobecomeahard-chargingcorporatelawyer.Nowshe’saYouTubecookingstarandprepper,teachingpeopletraditionalwaysofkeepingakitchen.Littledidsheknowhowthatphilosophywouldinfluenceherfaithinamomentofcrisis.Inherstory,NightandDay,allJessicaReeddesiredforwastobenormal.Yetwasherideaof“normal”God’sidea?(來看看我們的封面故事，作者是瑪麗?布萊恩特?施雷德。她原本的計(jì)劃是成為一名積極進(jìn)取的企業(yè)律師。如今，她成了一名YouTube烹飪明星兼生存達(dá)人，向人們傳授保持廚房傳統(tǒng)的方法。她萬萬沒想到，在危機(jī)時(shí)刻，這種理念會(huì)對(duì)她的信仰產(chǎn)生影響。在她的故事《日與夜》中，杰西卡?里德一心只想過上平凡的生活。然而，她所認(rèn)為的“平凡”，真的是上帝眼中的“平凡”嗎？)”可知，LynneHartke原本計(jì)劃爬秘魯?shù)幕鹕?，但可能因各種情況改變了想法；MaryBryantShrader原本計(jì)劃成為公司律師，后來成了YouTube烹飪明星；JessicaReed原本渴望“平凡”，但她的“平凡”觀念可能與上帝的想法不同，意味著她也有個(gè)人目標(biāo)或想法的轉(zhuǎn)變。這三個(gè)人都改變了自己原本的個(gè)人目標(biāo)或想法。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。文章通過作者自己在徒步時(shí)在岔路口的選擇，聯(lián)想到LynneHartke、MaryBryantShrader、JessicaReed等人的故事，這些人都在人生中經(jīng)歷了計(jì)劃與現(xiàn)實(shí)的差異，最后作者決定改變?cè)?jì)劃去看海貍，并在最后一段中提到“Inmylife,I’velearnedthatthepathlaidoutbeforemewasnottheoneIthoughtIwouldfollow.Andyetithasbroughtgreatfortune.(在我的生活中，我明白了擺在我面前的道路并不是我想象中的那條。然而，它卻給我?guī)砹司薮蟮呢?cái)富)”由此可推斷出作者寫這篇文章是為了鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)人生的變化時(shí)要靈活思考，不要固執(zhí)地堅(jiān)持原計(jì)劃。故選C。CDogshavebeenclosefour-leggedfriendsofhumansforaslongaswecanremember,butexactlyhowlonghasthisrelationshiplasted?Scientistsmayfinallyhaveananswer,thankstoanewstudyonancienthumanremainsfoundinAlaska.Theresearchsuggeststhatthestrongbondbetweenhumansandtheancestorsoftoday’sdogsbegan12,000yearsago.“WenowhaveproofthatdogsandhumanshadcloseconnectionsearlierthanwethoughtintheAmericas,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor,FrancoisLaneo,anassistantresearcherattheUniversityofArizona’sSchoolofAnthropology.“PeopleinterestedintheoriginsoftheAmericanswanttoknowifthefirsthumansarrivedwithdogs.Untilwefindtheseanimalsinolddiggingsites,wecanonlyguess—it’shardtoconfirm.Thisdiscoveryisverysignificant.”Ina2018archaeologicalstudy,thesameteamfoundalowerlegbonefromanadultdoglikeanimalatasiteinAlaska.Carbondatingshowedtheanimallived12,000yearsago,neartheendoftheIceAge.Morerecently,inJune2023,theteamdugupan8,100-year-oldjawbonefromasimilaranimalatanearbysite.Forthenewstudy,scientistsperformedchemicaltestsonthesebones.Theyfoundsalmonproteins,suggestingtheseanimalsatefishregularly.Thiswasunusualbecausedog-likeanimalsatthetimeonlyhuntedlandanimals,showinghumaninfluence.Whiletheteambelievesthisistheearliestknownrelationshipbetweenhumansanddogs,theysayit’stoosoontobecertain.Akeyquestionremains:“Whatdefinesadog?”saidDr.BenPot,aco-authorofthestudyandanarchaeologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks.Thoughthesecreaturesactedandlookedlikedogs,theymightbetooancienttobegeneticallyconnectedtomoderndogsweknowtoday.8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Humansanddogsdevelopedaclosebond12,000yearsago.B.ScientistsdiscoveredtheoldesthumanremainsinAmerica.C.AncientdogssurvivedtheIceAgebyeatingfish.D.AnewstudyprovesdogsoriginatedinAlaska.9.Whatcanweinferaboutthesignificanceofthediscovery?A.Itshowsearlyhuman-dogfriendship. B.Itprovesdogscamebeforehumans.C.ItchangesiceAgetheories. D.ItexplainsdogDNAfully.10.Howwastheageofthebonedeterminedinthe2018study?A.Genetictesting. B.Proteinanalysis.C.Carbondating. D.Sitecomparison.11.Whyistheteamuncertainabouttheearliesthuman-dogrelationship?A.WeakDNAlink. B.Notsurewhatisa“dog”.C.Fewbonesamples. D.unclearfishproteinresults.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家通過一項(xiàng)針對(duì)阿拉斯加古人類遺骸的新研究，揭示了人類與狗之間深厚關(guān)系的起源時(shí)間?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Theresearchsuggeststhatthestrongbondbetweenhumansandtheancestorsoftoday’sdogsbegan12,000yearsago.(研究表明，人類和今天狗的祖先之間的緊密聯(lián)系始于12000年前)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了科學(xué)家通過一項(xiàng)針對(duì)阿拉斯加古人類遺骸的新研究，揭示了人類與狗之間深厚關(guān)系的起源時(shí)間。故文章主旨是人類和狗在12000年前就建立了親密的關(guān)系。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“PeopleinterestedintheoriginsoftheAmericanswanttoknowifthefirsthumansarrivedwithdogs.Untilwefindtheseanimalsinolddiggingsites,wecanonlyguess—it’shardtoconfirm.Thisdiscoveryisverysignificant.(對(duì)于美洲原住民起源感興趣的人們想知道，最初的人類是否是帶著狗一同抵達(dá)這里的。在我們能在古老的挖掘地點(diǎn)找到這些動(dòng)物之前，我們只能進(jìn)行猜測(cè)——這很難得到證實(shí)。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意義重大)”可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明了早期人類與狗之間的友好關(guān)系。故選A?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Ina2018archaeologicalstudy,thesameteamfoundalowerlegbonefromanadultdoglikeanimalatasiteinAlaska.Carbondatingshowedtheanimallived12,000yearsago,neartheendoftheIceAge.(在2018年的一次考古研究中，同一研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在阿拉斯加的一個(gè)遺址中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊類似成年犬類的下肢骨骼。碳年代測(cè)定顯示，該動(dòng)物生活在12000年前，處于冰河時(shí)代末期)”可知，在2018年的研究中，骨頭的年齡是通過碳年代測(cè)定法確定的。故選C?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Akeyquestionremains:“Whatdefinesadog?”saidDr.BenPot,aco-authorofthestudyandanarchaeologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks.(一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題依然存在：“究竟什么才能定義一只狗？”該研究的合著者、阿拉斯加費(fèi)爾班克斯大學(xué)的考古學(xué)家本·波特博士說道)”可知，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)于人類與狗之間最早的關(guān)系存在的疑問是對(duì)狗的定義，即，不清楚什么是“狗”。故選B。DThe“hedgehog(刺猬)dilemma”isafamousmetaphorfromGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer.Inhis1851book,hedescribedhowhumansstrugglewithrelationshipsthroughastoryabouthedgehogs.Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.Thissadstorybecamewidelydiscussed.SigmundFreudandmodernscientistsstudiedthisidea.In2015,anaward-winningshortfilmcalledHenryretoldthisstory.Howdoesthisapplytoreallife?Mostpeoplerememberbeinghurtbycloserelationships–brokenfriendships,familyconflicts,orromanticbetrayals.Sincetheseconnectionsmatterdeeply,theirdamagehurtsmore.Shouldwestoptrustingothers?Schopenhauersaidyes,butsciencewouldsayotherwise.AstudyinPLOSMedicinereviewing148studieswithover300,000peoplefoundthosewithstrongsocialconnectionslive50%longer.TheNationalInstituteonAgingwarnsthatlonelinessharmshealthasmuchassmoking15cigarettesdaily—makingSchopenhauer’sadviceconcerning.Whenhurtrepeatedly,peopleoftenfallintodefensemode.RelationshipexpertHilarySandersexplainscommondefensebehaviors:goingsilentduringarguments,seeingnormalcommentsascriticism,oroverreactingtosmallissues.Thesereactionsoftenstartinchildhood.Ifparentsoftencriticizedorclassmatesbulliedsomeone,theymightdevelophabitslikepretendingnottocareorgettingangryeasily.Whilethesehelpedsurvivechildhoodpain,theycauseproblemsinadultrelationshipswhenusedunconsciously.Thegoodnewsispeoplecanchange.Throughtherapy,manylearntorecognizetheirdefensepatternsandunderstandtheirorigins.Couplescanimproverelationshipsbylearningeachother’semotionaltriggersandrespondingthoughtfullyinsteadofarguing.However,Sanderswarnsthatdefensesshouldn’tberemovedsuddenly—it’sliketakingdownawallbrickbybrick.AlthoughSchopenhauerfocusedonthepainofcloseness,thehedgehogstoryactuallyshowsourdeepneedforconnection.Unlikerealhedgehogs,humansaren’tbornwithphysicalspines.Bycarefullyloweringourdefensesaroundtrustworthypeople,wemighttrulyenjoybothwarmthandsafetyinrelationships.12.Whydoestheauthormentionthehedgehogdilemmainparagraph1?A.Toemphasizeitsimportance.B.TosupportSchopenhauer’sadvice.C.TorecommendSchopenhauer’sbook.D.Tointroducethethemeofrelationship.13.WhatisSchopenhauer’scoresolutiontothe“hedgehogdilemma”?A.Avoidcloseness. B.Seektherapy.C.Ignorepain. D.Buildwalls.14.WhatmajorevidencegoesagainstSchopenhauer’sadvice?A.Defensebehaviorofpeople. B.Freud’sstudies.C.Longevityfromsocialties. D.Henry’sshortfilm.15.WhatdoesSanderssayaboutcloseconnection?A.Couplesshouldlearntodefenditthoughtfully.B.Humanscanbenefitfromitunconsciously.C.Itcanhelpchildrenrelievechildhoodpain.D.Peopleshouldmakegradualprogressinit.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章圍繞德國哲學(xué)家叔本華提出的“刺猬困境”展開，探討了人際關(guān)系中的距離與親密問題?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“The“hedgehog(刺猬)dilemma”isafamousmetaphorfromGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer.Inhis1851book,hedescribedhowhumansstrugglewithrelationshipsthroughastoryabouthedgehogs.Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.(“刺猬困境”是德國哲學(xué)家叔本華的一個(gè)著名比喻。在他1851年出版的書中，他通過一個(gè)關(guān)于刺猬的故事描述了人類如何在人際關(guān)系中掙扎。他的建議很簡(jiǎn)單：保持距離。)”可知，文章第一段提到“刺猬困境”這一著名隱喻，接著闡述其在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活人際關(guān)系中的體現(xiàn)，如親密關(guān)系中的傷害等。所以作者提及“刺猬困境”是為了引出關(guān)于人際關(guān)系這一主題。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.(他的建議很簡(jiǎn)單：保持距離。)”可知，叔本華對(duì)于“刺猬困境”的核心解決辦法是保持距離，也就是避免親密（Avoidcloseness）。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.(他的建議很簡(jiǎn)單：保持距離。)”提到叔本華建議保持距離，以及第四段中“AstudyinPLOSMedicinereviewing148studieswithover300,000peoplefoundthosewithstrongsocialconnectionslive50%longer.(一項(xiàng)在《公共科學(xué)圖書館?醫(yī)學(xué)》上的研究，回顧了148項(xiàng)涉及30多萬人的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)有強(qiáng)大社交關(guān)系的人壽命長50%。)”這表明社交關(guān)系對(duì)人有益，與叔本華的建議相悖。故選C項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“However,Sanderswarnsthatdefensesshouldn’tberemovedsuddenly—it’sliketakingdownawallbrickbybrick.(然而，桑德斯警告說，防御不應(yīng)該突然拆除，就像一磚一瓦地拆墻一樣。)”可知，桑德斯認(rèn)為人們?cè)诮⒂H密關(guān)系時(shí)，不應(yīng)突然去除防御，要像一磚一瓦拆除墻一樣循序漸進(jìn)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Onethingthatmostofuswillagreeonisthatthereisalotof“stuff”intheworld.Andwithenvironmentalandeconomicconcernsonourminds,wouldn’titmakesenseifwecouldsharethingsbetweenusabitmore?____16____Sharinglibrariesofferusefulitemstolocalpeople,whoareabletoborrowandreturnthem,freeofchargeorforaverylowfee.Thesecollectionstendtofocusoncommonthingsthatweallneed,butwhichwedon’tuseconstantly.Thissavesontheenvironmentalimpactofproducingtheitemsbyreducingthedemandfornewthings.____17____Forfamilies,financialbarrierscanmeanthatthingsliketoysorcomfortableclothingcanbeknockeddowntheprioritieslist.Buttheselibrariescreateasenseofequalityinthecommunity,meaningthatindividualsdon’tneedtogowithout.Thereareseveralwaystofindoutwhereyourclosestsharinglibraryis.____18____Itmaps50librariesacrosstheUK.Butifyourareaisn’tlistedbythosesites,don’tgiveuphope.Somecommunitieswillsetupsmaller,informalversionsoftheselibraries—forexample,streetWhatsAppgroupswherepeopleaskifanyoneontheroadhasthethingthey’relookingtoborrow,orlocalpass-it-ongroups.____19____AttendtheNetwork’sonlineworkshopstolearnmoreaboutsharinglibrariesandhowtosetoneupforthemselves.Inaworldwherewe’reencouragedtocontinuetocollectmoreandmorestuff,sharinglibrariesaretakingastandfortheenvironmentandforourpersonalfinances.So,nexttimeyoufindyourselfinneedofsomethinghandy,considerlookingforawaytoborrowit.____20____A.Stillnoluck?B.Ifunlisted,searchlocally.C.Atthecoreofsharinglibrariesisgreateraccess.D.Thisisthefundamentalideabehindsharinglibraries.E.Thisconceptchallengestraditionalownershipmodels.F.StartbycheckingtheUKSharingLibrariesNetworkwebsite.G.It’llbeeasyontheplanet,easyonyourpocket,andgreatforthecommunity.【答案】16.D17.C18.F19.A20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要圍繞共享圖書館展開，介紹了其理念、作用、查找方式等內(nèi)容?！?6題詳析】前文“Andwithenvironmentalandeconomicconcernsonourminds,wouldn’titmakesenseifwecouldsharethingsbetweenusabitmore?(考慮到我們對(duì)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)的擔(dān)憂，如果我們能更多地分享一些東西，這不是很有意義嗎？)”提出“在考慮環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的情況下，我們多共享物品是否有意義”的疑問，后文“Sharinglibrariesofferusefulitemstolocalpeople,whoareabletoborrowandreturnthem,freeofchargeorforaverylowfee.(共享圖書館為當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┯杏玫馁Y料，他們可以免費(fèi)或以極低的費(fèi)用借閱和歸還)”緊接著介紹了共享圖書館的運(yùn)作模式，即向當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┪锲?，可免費(fèi)或低價(jià)借用和歸還。選項(xiàng)D“Thisisthefundamentalideabehindsharinglibraries.(這就是共享圖書館背后的基本理念)”，“這”指代前文共享物品的想法，起到了承上啟下的作用，自然地引出了后文對(duì)共享圖書館的介紹。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】空格處是該段的主題句。后文“Forfamilies,financialbarrierscanmeanthatthingsliketoysorcomfortableclothingcanbeknockeddowntheprioritieslist.Buttheselibrariescreateasenseofequalityinthecommunity,meaningthatindividualsdon’tneedtogowithout.(對(duì)于家庭來說，經(jīng)濟(jì)障礙可能使玩具或舒適衣物等物品的優(yōu)先級(jí)降低，但這些圖書館在社區(qū)中營造了平等感，讓人們不會(huì)缺少這些東西)”強(qiáng)調(diào)了共享圖書館能讓人們更方便地獲取所需物品。選項(xiàng)C“Atthecoreofsharinglibrariesisgreateraccess.(共享圖書館的核心是讓人們更容易獲取物品)”準(zhǔn)確概括了后文共享圖書館促進(jìn)社區(qū)平等、讓人們能獲取物品的核心內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thereareseveralwaystofindoutwhereyourclosestsharinglibraryis.(有幾種方法可以找到最近的共享圖書館在哪里)”推知，選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是關(guān)于如何查找共享圖書館，選項(xiàng)F“StartbycheckingtheUKSharingLibrariesNetworkwebsite.(先查看英國共享圖書館網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)站)”符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】前文“Butifyourareaisn’tlistedbythosesites,don’tgiveuphope.Somecommunitieswillsetupsmaller,informalversionsoftheselibraries—forexample,streetWhatsAppgroupswherepeopleaskifanyoneontheroadhasthethingthey’relookingtoborrow,orlocalpass-it-ongroups.(但是，如果你所在的地區(qū)沒有被這些網(wǎng)站列出，不要放棄希望。一些社區(qū)將建立這些圖書館的小型非正式版本——例如，街頭WhatsApp群，人們可以在那里詢問路上是否有人有他們想借的東西，或者當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鬟f小組)”提到如果所在地區(qū)未在相關(guān)網(wǎng)站列出，不要放棄希望，還舉例說明了一些社區(qū)有小型、非正式的共享圖書館形式。選項(xiàng)A“Stillnoluck?(還是沒找到嗎？)”，承接前文在網(wǎng)站未找到的情況，自然地引出后文“AttendtheNetwork’sonlineworkshopstolearnmoreaboutsharinglibrariesandhowtosetoneupforthemselves.(參加網(wǎng)絡(luò)的在線研討會(huì)，了解更多關(guān)于共享圖書館的知識(shí)，以及如何為自己建立一個(gè)圖書館)”學(xué)習(xí)如何自己建立共享圖書館的內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】前文“So,nexttimeyoufindyourselfinneedofsomethinghandy,considerlookingforawaytoborrowit.(所以，下次當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己需要手邊的東西時(shí)，考慮一下想辦法借)”鼓勵(lì)人們下次需要物品時(shí)考慮從共享圖書館借用。選項(xiàng)G“It’llbeeasyontheplanet,easyonyourpocket,andgreatforthecommunity.(這對(duì)地球有益，對(duì)你的錢包友好，對(duì)社區(qū)也有好處)”，全面總結(jié)了從共享圖書館借用物品的好處，與前文鼓勵(lì)借用的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IalwaysenjoyedwildernessadventuresinAfrica.Oneday,Ioverheard(無意中聽到)acyclingtrailrunningthroughthebushafter____21____inAustralia.Iresearchedthetrailandbecame____22____aboutridingitduringthesummerholidays.Thetrailwasstillnewandmobilephone____23____alongtheroutewaspoor.IstartedatCollie.Itwasveryhot,andIdrankwater____24____andthefirstthingIdidwhenIarrivedatthefirststopwas____25____therainwatertank.Iwas____26____tofindthatithadwater.Thenextdaythetrail____27____becamedifficulttofind.Bymidday,the____28____hadbecomeunbearable.Iwasbecomingincreasingly____29____whenIrealizedthatIwasquitelost.Istoppedtoconsidermy____30____.The____31____planwastostayovernightatatouristpark,butIhadnoideawhereIwas.Tiredly,Igotup,remountedmybike.Aftertwohours,Iwasdelightedtoseecycletracksthatlooked____32____.However,Isoonrealizedthattheyweremyown!Ihadnomorewater,andwassleepy.Asuddenwind____33____me.Iheardthesoundofamotor,butitdisappeared.AwhilelaterIhearditagain.I____34____myselfandwalkedtowherethesoundwascoming.Therebeforemewasthedam,withboatstowingwaterskiersandpeoplerelaxing.MyfirstlessononlivinginAustraliahadbeen____35____.21.A.traveling B.hiking C.surviving D.settling22.A.concerned B.excited C.determined D.puzzled23.A.signal B.symbol C.battery D.package24.A.rarely B.instantly C.regularly D.cautiously25.A.supply B.check C.view D.fix26.A.relieved B.disappointed C.frustrated D.astonished27.A.destinations B.arrows C.markers D.details28.A.path B.heat C.adventure D.cycling29.A.uncertain B.unconfident C.uneasy D.uncomfortable30.A.options B.strategies C.schedules D.opportunities31.A.formal B.organized C.senior D.original32.A.deep B.precious C.recent D.unique33.A.stirred B.circled C.challenged D.frightened34.A.setup B.signedup C.dressedup D.forcedup35.A.packed B.taught C.improved D.recommended【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.B26.A27.C28.B29.C30.A31.D32.C33.A34.D35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在澳大利亞騎行一條新路線的經(jīng)歷，途中遭遇炎熱、迷路和缺水等狀況，最終到達(dá)有水的地方，獲得了在澳大利亞生活的教訓(xùn)。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我在澳大利亞定居后，無意中聽說了一條穿過叢林的自行車道。A.traveling旅行；B.hiking徒步旅行；C.surviving生存；D.settling定居。根據(jù)后文“Iresearchedthetrailandbecame…aboutridingitduringthesummerholidays”以及文章最后一句中“l(fā)ivinginAustralia”可知，作者打算在澳大利亞的暑假期間騎行這條路線，說明其并非只是短暫旅行或徒步，而是已經(jīng)在澳大利亞有相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的生活狀態(tài)，即定居。故選D。【22題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我研究了這條路線，對(duì)在暑假騎行它感到興奮。A.concerned關(guān)心的；B.excited興奮的；C.determined有決心的；D.puzzled困惑的。前文“IalwaysenjoyedwildernessadventuresinAfrica”表明作者一直喜歡荒野冒險(xiǎn)，所以當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞有這樣一條穿過叢林的自行車道時(shí)，會(huì)對(duì)騎行它感到興奮。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這條路線還很新，沿途的手機(jī)信號(hào)很差。A.signal信號(hào)；B.symbol象征；C.battery電池；D.package包裹。根據(jù)前文“Thetrailwasstillnewandmobilephone”可推知，因?yàn)槁肪€還很新，所以沿途手機(jī)信號(hào)差。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：天氣很熱，我經(jīng)常喝水，到達(dá)第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A.rarely很少地；B.instantly立刻；C.regularly經(jīng)常地；D.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)前文“Itwasveryhot”可知，天氣炎熱會(huì)使人水分流失快，所以需要經(jīng)常喝水來補(bǔ)充水分。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：天氣很熱，我經(jīng)常喝水，到達(dá)第一站后我做的第一件事就是查看雨水箱。A.supply供應(yīng)；B.check檢查，查看；C.view看；D.fix修理。前文提到“Itwasveryhot”以及“Idrankwater”，說明天氣炎熱，作者對(duì)水有大量需求，所以到達(dá)第一站后首先要做的是查看雨水箱里是否有水。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我松了一口氣，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有水。A.relieved寬慰的，松了一口氣的；B.disappointed失望的；C.frustrated沮喪的；D.astonished驚訝的。前文表明天氣炎熱且自己經(jīng)常喝水，對(duì)水有迫切需求，結(jié)合后文“findthatithadwater”可知，當(dāng)查看雨水箱發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有水時(shí)，缺水的擔(dān)憂消除，會(huì)松一口氣。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，路線標(biāo)記變得很難找到。A.destinations目的地；B.arrows箭頭；C.markers標(biāo)記；D.details細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)后文“IrealizedthatIwasquitelost”可知，作者迷路了，推測(cè)是因?yàn)槁肪€標(biāo)記難找，導(dǎo)致無法準(zhǔn)確沿著路線騎行。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：到中午時(shí)，炎熱變得難以忍受。A.path路徑；B.heat炎熱；C.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；D.cycling騎行。根據(jù)前文“Itwasveryhot”以及作者因?yàn)檠谉峤?jīng)常喝水等描述，可知到中午時(shí)，炎熱的程度加劇，變得讓人難以忍受。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我意識(shí)到自己迷路時(shí)，我越來越不安。A.uncertain不確定的；B.unconfident不自信的；C.uneasy不安的；D.uncomfortable不舒服的。根據(jù)后文“IrealizedthatIwasquitelost”可知，在荒野中迷路，人會(huì)因?yàn)樘幘澄ｋU(xiǎn)等因素而感到不安。故選C。【30題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我停下來考慮我的選擇。A.options選擇；B.strategies策略；C.schedules日程安排；D.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)常識(shí)和前文“IrealizedthatIwasquitelost”可知，迷路后，需要停下來思考接下來可以采取的辦法，也就是自己的選擇。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：原來的計(jì)劃是在一個(gè)旅游公園過夜，但我不知道自己在哪里。A.formal正式的；B.organized有組織的；C.senior高級(jí)的；D.original原來的。根據(jù)前文描述作者原本的行程安排以及后文“butIhadnoideawhereIwas”可知，作者現(xiàn)在因?yàn)槊月窡o法按照原本的計(jì)劃在旅游公園過夜了，強(qiáng)調(diào)這是原來的計(jì)劃。故選D。【32題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：兩小時(shí)后，我很高興看到看起來很新的自行車道痕跡。A.deep深的；B.precious珍貴的；C.recent最近的，新的；D.unique獨(dú)特的。根據(jù)常識(shí)和前文“Iwasdelightedtoseecycletracks”可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)看起來很新的自行車道痕跡意味著有其他人剛從這里經(jīng)過，所以作者才會(huì)感到高興。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一陣突然的風(fēng)使我清醒過來。A.stirred使清醒，使激動(dòng)；B.circled環(huán)繞；C.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；D.frightened使害怕。根據(jù)前文“Ihadnomorewater,andwassleepy”可知，作者又累又困，突然的風(fēng)起到了使他清醒的作用。故選A。【34題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我強(qiáng)迫自己站起來，朝著聲音傳來的方向走去。A.setup建立；B.signedup報(bào)名；C.dressedup打扮；D.forcedup強(qiáng)迫自己起來。結(jié)合前文“Iwassleepy”以及作者身處困境但仍要尋找出路，可知是強(qiáng)迫自己克服困倦站起來。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我在澳大利亞生活的第一課已經(jīng)傳授給我了。A.packed打包；B.taught教學(xué)，教授；C.improved提高；D.recommended推薦。前文作者經(jīng)歷了炎熱、迷路、缺水等一系列狀況，這些經(jīng)歷就像一堂課一樣教給了作者在澳大利亞生活的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B。第二節(jié)短文填空（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theover-21-kilometerhalfmarathoncoursestruckaperfectbalance:challengingyetdoableforrunnersofalllevels.Thereweremachinecompetitors____36____(compete)intheworld’sfirsthumanoidrobothalfmarathon,heldintheBeijingEconomic-TechnologicalDevelopmentArea(BDA)inthesoutheastofthecity.____37____siliconracerswouldsooncompeteonthesamephysicalrouteashumanrunners,thoughonseparatetracks.“Thinkofit____38____acarrally(汽車?yán)?forrobots,”saidLiangLiang,deputydirectoroftheBDAmanagementcommittee.Therulesofthehumanoidrobothalfmarathonwerecloselylike____39____ofacarrally,Liangnoted.TeamscombinedAIautonomywithhumanoversight,dealingwith____40____(challenge)nomachinehadquitefacedbefore:unevenpavements,communicationdrops____41____theunpredictabilityoftheoutdoors.“Theevent____42____(serve)asatestinganddemonstrationplatform,butmoreimportantly,asaspacefor____43____(develop),enthusiastsandcompaniestoexchangeideas,”Liangsaid.AttheBeijingE-Townhalfmarathon,theTienKungUltrarobotdevelopedbytheBeijingHumanoidRobotInnovationCentercrossedthefinishlineinjust2hoursand40minutes.Noetix’sN2cameinsecond,whilearobotdesignedbyShanghai-basedfirmDroidUp____44____(secure)thirdplace.Isn’ttheorganizers’motto,“Tocompeteisvictory,tofinishisglory,”______45______(fill)withAkhwari’sstory?EverysmallsteptheserobotstookonthemarathoncourserepresentedagiantleapforChina’stechnologicalbreakthroughs.【答案】36.competing37.The38.as39.those40.challenges41.and42.serves43.developers44.secured45.filled【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹了在北京經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)舉辦的世界首個(gè)類人機(jī)器人半程馬拉松賽事，包括賽事路線、規(guī)則、意義以及比賽結(jié)果等?！?6題詳析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在北京市東南