2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解長難句專項解析與訓(xùn)練試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀以下句子，請分析其語法結(jié)構(gòu)，并說明各部分之間的邏輯關(guān)系。1.Manyscientistsarguethatglobalwarming,whichhasacceleratedinrecentdecades,posesaseriousthreattotheplanet'secosystemsandcouldleadtoirreversiblechangesinweatherpatternsandsealevelsifsignificantmeasuresarenottakentoreducegreenhousegasemissions.2.Thenovel,whoseprotagonistisacomplexandintrospectiveyoungwomannavigatingthechallengesoflifeinearly20th-centuryNewYork,hasbeencelebratedforitsvividportrayalofsocialdynamicsanditsexplorationofthemessuchaslove,loss,andthepursuitofidentity.3.Despitenumerousattemptsbytheinternationalcommunitytomediatetheconflict,whichhasresultedinwidespreaddisplacementandhumanitariancrises,theopposingfactionsremaindeeplyentrenchedintheirpositionsandshowlittlewillingnesstocompromise.4.Researchershavediscoveredthatcertainneuronsinthebrain,whichareknownasmirrorneurons,firebothwhenanindividualperformsanactionandwhentheyobservethesameactionbeingperformedbyanotherperson,suggestinganeurologicalbasisforempathyandsocialunderstanding.5.Thecompany,havinginvestedheavilyinresearchanddevelopment,expectstolaunchitsnewproductlinenextyear,which,ifitmeetsmarketexpectations,couldsignificantlyenhanceitscompetitiveadvantageintherapidlyevolvingindustry.第二部分閱讀以下段落，請找出其中包含的長難句，并對其進(jìn)行語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析，同時解釋關(guān)鍵詞語的含義和用法，并說明句子所表達(dá)的中心意思。Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence(AI)haverecentlyreachedaremarkablemilestonewiththedevelopmentoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs)thatcangeneratehuman-liketext,composemusic,andevenwritecode.Whilethesecapabilitiesholdimmensepotentialforvariousapplications,suchasimprovingcustomerservice,automatingcontentcreation,andaidinginscientificresearch,theyalsoraiseprofoundethicalconcernsregardingissueslikebias,jobdisplacement,andthepotentialformisuse.TherapidpaceatwhichAItechnologyisevolvinghasleftmanypolicymakersandethicistsgrapplingwiththechallengeofformulatingappropriateregulationsandguidelinestoensurethatthesepowerfultoolsaredevelopedanddeployedresponsibly,therebymaximizingtheirbenefitswhilemitigatingtheriskstheymayposetosociety.第三部分閱讀以下論述，請分析其中劃線句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，并說明其如何服務(wù)于段落主旨。Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasawarenessofenvironmentaldegradationandtheneedforlong-termresourceconservationhasgrown.Centraltothisconceptistheideathateconomicdevelopment,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotectionmustbepursuedinanintegratedandbalancedmanner;failuretodosocouldleadtodetrimentalconsequencesforbothcurrentandfuturegenerations.Consequently,businesses,governments,andindividualsarebeingencouragedtoadoptmoresustainablepractices,suchasreducingwaste,conservingenergy,andusingrenewableresources,inordertocreateamoreresilientandequitablefutureforall.第四部分閱讀以下論述，請分析其中劃線句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，并解釋其如何體現(xiàn)作者的觀點。Manycriticsarguethattheincreasingrelianceonsocialmediaanddigitalplatformshashadadetrimentaleffectoninterpersonalcommunicationskills,particularlyamongyoungergenerationswhogrewupintheageofsmartphones.Theycontendthatthesuperficialnatureofonlineinteractions,characterizedbybrevity,anonymity,andtheabsenceofnon-verbalcues,failstocultivatethedepthandnuanceofface-to-faceconversations;asaresult,individualsmaystruggletoengageinmeaningfulofflinerelationships.However,othersmaintainthattheseclaimsareoverlysimplisticandignorethepotentialbenefitsofdigitalcommunication,suchasincreasedaccesstoinformation,greaterconnectivityacrossdistances,andnewopportunitiesforcollaborationandcommunitybuilding.第五部分請根據(jù)以下語境，自行構(gòu)建一個包含至少三個從句的長難句，并對其進(jìn)行語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析。Adedicatedteachercanmakealastingimpactonherstudents'lives,notonlybyimpartingknowledgeandfosteringcriticalthinkingskills,butalsobyservingasarolemodelandprovidingencouragementandsupportduringchallengingtimes.試卷答案第一部分1.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主句：Manyscientistsarguethat...(主語:Manyscientists,謂語:argue,賓語從句:that...).賓語從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主干：globalwarmingposesaseriousthreat...(主語:globalwarming,謂語:poses,賓語:aseriousthreat),修飾成分：whichhasaccelerated...(非限制性定語從句，修飾globalwarming),if...(條件狀語從句)。邏輯關(guān)系：因果(accelerated與posesthreat)，條件(if...)。解析思路：首先找到主句謂語動詞argue，確定主句結(jié)構(gòu)。然后分析賓語從句that引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容，其中g(shù)lobalwarming是主語，poses是謂語。再識別修飾globalwarming的非限制性定語從句whichhasaccelerated，并解釋其作用。最后識別if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，說明其含義和作用。2.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主句：Thenovelhasbeencelebrated...(主語:Thenovel,謂語:hasbeencelebrated,賓語:forits...).修飾成分：whoseprotagonist...(非限制性定語從句，修飾Thenovel)，which...(非限制性定語從句，修飾Thenovel)。邏輯關(guān)系：總分(主句概括小說被贊譽，從句解釋原因)。解析思路：找到主句謂語hasbeencelebrated，確定主句結(jié)構(gòu)。識別修飾主語的第一個非限制性定語從句whoseprotagonist...，解釋其作用。再識別修飾主語的第二個非限制性定語從句which...，解釋其作用。最后分析介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語，說明其與主句的關(guān)系。3.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主句：theopposingfactionsremain...(主語:theopposingfactions,謂語:remain,狀語:deeplyentrenched...).修飾成分：whichhasresulted...(非限制性定語從句，修飾theconflict)。狀語：Despite...(讓步狀語)。邏輯關(guān)系：讓步(Despite...)，因果(conflictresultingin...與factionsremainingentrenched)。解析思路：找到主句謂語remain，確定主句結(jié)構(gòu)。識別修飾主語的非限制性定語從句whichhasresulted...，解釋其作用。分析讓步狀語Despite引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，說明其作用。再分析主句中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語deeplyentrenched，說明其作狀語修飾主語。4.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主句：Researchershavediscoveredthat...(主語:Researchers,謂語:havediscovered,賓語從句:that...)。賓語從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主干：certainneuronsfire...(主語:certainneurons,謂語:fire),修飾成分：whichareknown...(非限制性定語從句，修飾neurons),bothwhen...andwhen...(并列狀語從句，修飾fire)。邏輯關(guān)系：總分(主句說明發(fā)現(xiàn)，賓語從句解釋發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容)，并列(when...andwhen...)。解析思路：找到主句謂語havediscovered，確定主句結(jié)構(gòu)。分析賓語從句that引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容，其中certainneurons是主語，fire是謂語。識別修飾certainneurons的非限制性定語從句whichareknown...，解釋其作用。最后分析并列的狀語從句bothwhen...andwhen...，說明其連接兩個并列的動作。5.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主句：Thecompanyexpectstolaunch...(主語:Thecompany,謂語:expects,賓語:tolaunch...).修飾成分：havinginvestedheavily...(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語)。狀語：nextyear(時間狀語)。修飾成分：which...(非限制性定語從句，修飾Thenewproductline)。邏輯關(guān)系：原因(havinginvested...)，時間(nextyear)，總分(主句說明期望，從句解釋條件)。解析思路：找到主句謂語expects，確定主句結(jié)構(gòu)。分析現(xiàn)在分詞短語havinginvestedheavily...作原因狀語，說明其含義。識別時間狀語nextyear。分析修飾Thenewproductline的非限制性定語從句which...，解釋其作用。第二部分長難句：Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence(AI)haverecentlyreachedaremarkablemilestonewiththedevelopmentoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs)thatcangeneratehuman-liketext,composemusic,andevenwritecode.Whilethesecapabilitiesholdimmensepotentialforvariousapplications,suchasimprovingcustomerservice,automatingcontentcreation,andaidinginscientificresearch,theyalsoraiseprofoundethicalconcernsregardingissueslikebias,jobdisplacement,andthepotentialformisuse.TherapidpaceatwhichAItechnologyisevolvinghasleftmanypolicymakersandethicistsgrapplingwiththechallengeofformulatingappropriateregulationsandguidelinestoensurethatthesepowerfultoolsaredevelopedanddeployedresponsibly,therebymaximizingtheirbenefitswhilemitigatingtheriskstheymayposetosociety.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子由三個部分組成，通過while和and連接。第一部分：Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence(AI)haverecentlyreachedaremarkablemilestonewiththedevelopmentoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs)thatcangeneratehuman-liketext,composemusic,andevenwritecode.(主語:Theadvancements,謂語:havereached,狀語:recently,介詞短語with...作伴隨狀語,賓語aremarkablemilestone,定語從句thatcangenerate...修飾LLMs)。第二部分：Whilethesecapabilitiesholdimmensepotentialforvariousapplications,suchasimproving...andaiding...,theyalsoraiseprofoundethicalconcernsregardingissueslikebias...andmisuse.(狀語從句While...,主句1:thesecapabilitiesholdimmensepotentialfor...,介詞短語forvariousapplications作目的狀語,狀語suchasimproving...andaiding...作examples,主句2:theyalsoraiseprofoundethicalconcernsregardingissueslikebias...andmisuse,介詞短語regarding...作定語修飾concerns,狀語likebias...andmisuse作examples)。第三部分：TherapidpaceatwhichAItechnologyisevolvinghasleftmanypolicymakersandethicistsgrapplingwiththechallengeofformulatingappropriateregulationsandguidelinestoensurethatthesepowerfultoolsaredevelopedanddeployedresponsibly,therebymaximizingtheirbenefitswhilemitigatingtheriskstheymayposetosociety.(主語:Therapidpace,謂語:hasleft,賓語:manypolicymakers...grapplingwiththechallenge,介詞短語atwhich...作定語從句修飾pace,狀語withthechallenge作伴隨狀語,名詞短語appropriateregulationsandguidelines作of的賓語,不定式短語toensurethat...作目的狀語,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作ensure的賓語,thereby和while連接的兩個現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語)。關(guān)鍵詞語：advancements(進(jìn)步),artificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能),milestone(里程碑),largelanguagemodels(LLMs)(大型語言模型),human-liketext(類人文本),composemusic(作曲),writecode(編寫代碼),capabilities(能力),potential(潛力),applications(應(yīng)用),customerservice(客戶服務(wù)),automate(自動化),contentcreation(內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作),ethicalconcerns(倫理問題),profound(深刻的),bias(偏見),jobdisplacement(工作流失),misuse(濫用),rapidpace(快速發(fā)展),evolving(進(jìn)化),policymakers(政策制定者),ethicists(倫理學(xué)家),grapplingwith(努力應(yīng)對),challenge(挑戰(zhàn)),formulating(制定),regulations(法規(guī)),guidelines(指南),ensure(確保),developed(開發(fā)),deployed(部署),responsibly(負(fù)責(zé)任地),maximizing(最大化),benefits(利益),mitigating(減輕),risks(風(fēng)險),pose(造成)。中心意思：該段落主要論述了人工智能技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展及其帶來的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。一方面，AI技術(shù)（特別是大型語言模型）取得了顯著進(jìn)步，展現(xiàn)出強大的能力，并在各個領(lǐng)域具有巨大潛力。另一方面，這些能力也引發(fā)了深刻的倫理擔(dān)憂，例如偏見、工作流失和濫用風(fēng)險。最后，段落指出AI的快速發(fā)展給政策制定者和倫理學(xué)家?guī)砹颂魬?zhàn)，需要制定適當(dāng)?shù)姆ㄒ?guī)和指南來確保其負(fù)責(zé)任地開發(fā)和應(yīng)用，以最大化其利益并減輕其風(fēng)險。解析思路：該段落包含多個長難句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，包含多個從句和修飾成分。分析時需要逐句進(jìn)行，首先找到句子的主干，然后分析各個修飾成分（定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等）及其作用。同時，需要注意句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系（轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等）。關(guān)鍵詞語的理解對于理解句子的含義至關(guān)重要。最后，需要將各個部分的內(nèi)容整合起來，把握段落的主旨大意。第三部分劃線句子：Centraltothisconceptistheideathateconomicdevelopment,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotectionmustbepursuedinanintegratedandbalancedmanner;failuretodosocouldleadtodetrimentalconsequencesforbothcurrentandfuturegenerations.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主句：Centraltothisconceptistheideathat...(介詞短語作狀語Centraltothisconcept,主系表結(jié)構(gòu)theideais...,賓語從句that...).賓語從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主干：economicdevelopment,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotectionmustbepursuedinanintegratedandbalancedmanner(并列主語,謂語mustbepursued,介詞短語inanintegratedandbalancedmanner作方式狀語)。分號后的部分：failuretodosocouldleadtodetrimentalconsequencesforbothcurrentandfuturegenerations(主語failuretodoso,謂語couldlead,賓語detrimentalconsequences,介詞短語forboth...作目的狀語)。邏輯關(guān)系：主句提出中心思想，賓語從句解釋該思想的具體內(nèi)容，分號后部分進(jìn)一步說明不這樣做可能帶來的后果。解析思路：首先分析主句的結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞短語作狀語，主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語從句。然后分析賓語從句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，是并列主語加謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)，注意方式狀語的作用。接著分析分號后的部分，這是一個獨立分句，說明不這樣做可能帶來的后果。最后，將整個句子的各個部分聯(lián)系起來，理解其如何表達(dá)中心思想，即可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，否則會產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。第四部分劃線句子：Thesuperficialnatureofonlineinteractions,characterizedbybrevity,anonymity,andtheabsenceofnon-verbalcues,failstocultivatethedepthandnuanceofface-to-faceconversations;asaresult,individualsmaystruggletoengageinmeaningfulofflinerelationships.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主句：Thesuperficialnatureofonlineinteractionsfailstocultivatethedepthandnuanceofface-to-faceconversations(主語Thesuperficialnature,介詞短語ofonlineinteractions作定語修飾nature,謂語failstocultivate,賓語thedepthandnuance,介詞短語offace-to-faceconversations作定語修飾depthandnuance)。修飾成分：characterizedbybrevity,anonymity,andtheabsenceofnon-verbalcues(過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾Thesuperficialnature)。分號后的部分：asaresult,individualsmaystruggletoengageinmeaningfulofflinerelationships(連詞asaresult連接，主語individuals,謂語maystruggle,賓語toengagein...,介詞短語inmeaningfuloffli