銜接點05介詞（小初考點差異及銜接）小學(xué)要求1.時間介詞：2.方位介詞：3.動向介詞：4.方式介詞：5.原因介詞：初中要求1.介詞的功能；2.常用介詞的用法辨析；3.介詞的固定搭配。【小學(xué)介詞考點聚焦】1.選擇正確的介詞填空。(1)Mikewasborn(on/in)2005.Hisbirthdayis(on/in)April2nd.(2)Iusuallygetup(at/in)6:40.ThenIgotoschool(with/by)bike.(3)Lucyisworried(with/about)herEnglish.(4)Wewillplayfootball(in/on)Sunday.(5)MybrotherwillsinganEnglishsong(in/on)Children'sDay.2.選擇正確的介詞填空。（每詞限用一次）fromwithofinafteraboveonbehindatfor(1)mywaytoschool,ImetJack.(2)Wealwaysborrowbooksthelibrary.(3)Theboysomebooksiscoming.(4)Mike'sfootballisthedoor.(5)Doyouseethekitethebuilding?(6)Mycousinisgoodplayingfootball.(7)Therearethreebirdsthetree.(8)Thislessonistoohardme.(9)Mymumisill.Ishouldlookherwell.(10)Annisafraidthatbigdog.3.用正確的介詞填空。(10分)Andyis(1)England.Shelives(2)London.Shelikeslistening(3)music.Sheisgood(4)English.Sheishelpful(5)home.Sheoftencleanstheroom(6)theweekend.(7)dinner,sheusuallywatchesTV(8)hergrandma.(9)theevening,shegoestobed(10)nine.【初中介詞考點聚焦】考點清單考點一表示時間的介詞1.at多用于具體鐘點前,如:atseven,ataquartertoone;也可用于固定搭配中,如:atnoon,atnight。2.in表示一段時間,用于年、月、世紀(jì)、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。如:inthetwenty-firstcentury在21世紀(jì),inautumn在秋天,inthemorning在早上;還可用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起,多長時間以后或多久之后”的短語中。3.on主要用在星期幾、具體某一天或具體某一天的早、中、晚或節(jié)日前。如:ontheMid-AutumnFestival在中秋節(jié)onJune1st在6月1日4.since,from和for介詞含義及用法例句since指從某時一直延續(xù)至今,后常接時間點,句子用完成時。Hehaslivedheresince1993.從1993年開始他一直住在這里。from說明開始時間,可用過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的某種時態(tài)。Fromnowon,IwilllearnEnglisheverymorning.從今以后,每天早晨我將學(xué)英語。for指動作延續(xù)貫穿整個過程,后接時間段,句子用完成時。IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)英語六年了。5.“by+時間點”表示“到……時為止”,如果by后跟一個過去的時間點,句子應(yīng)用過去完成時。如:Wehadlearned1,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.到上個學(xué)期末,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了1,000個英語單詞。6.“during+時間段”與延續(xù)性動詞連用表示某期間的動作。如:Heliveswithusduringtheseyears.這些年他跟我們一起住。7.until與否定詞連用,意為“直到……才”,其前的謂語動詞多用瞬間性動詞;until用在肯定句中,意為“直到……為止”,其前的謂語動詞需用延續(xù)性動詞。如:Ididn’tleaveuntilmymothercamehome.直到我媽媽回家我才離開。一．用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空①Mother’sDayisthesecondSundayinMay.

②Weusuallygettoschool7:40inthemorning.

③Herbirthdayiswinter,themostbeautifulseasoninayear.

④UncleWanghasworkedinthefactorytwentyyears.

⑤—Howsoonwillhecomeback?—amonth.

二．選擇填空1.China’sfirstMarsrover,Zhurong,toucheddownontheRedPlanetMay15,2021.

A.on B.in C.at D.to2.ChinasuccessfullylandedaspacecraftMarsinMay,2021.

A.in B.on C.at D.for3.—IhearyourbrotherwillenterTsinghuaUniversitythissummer.—Exactly,hewasaborngenius.Hewasabletoreadandwritetheageof4.

A.in B.on C.at D.of4.NanjingZijinshanInsectMuseum,whichwillbeopentothepublicsoon,wasformedatthefootofZhongshanApril2nd.

A.in B.on C.at D.from考點二表示方位的介詞1.表示方位的in,on和toin表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)(屬于該范圍);on表示與某地的毗鄰關(guān)系;to表示在某一地區(qū)之外(不屬于該范圍)。如:FujianProvinceisinthesouth-eastofChina.福建省位于中國的東南部。ChinaistothewestofJapan.中國在日本的西邊。2.over,above和on的用法(1)over有“正上方”“越過”“覆蓋在上面”之意。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.這條河上有一座橋。(2)above指在上方,不一定表示正上方。如:Raiseyourhandsaboveyourhead.把你的手舉過你的頭。(3)on指在上面,表示兩物體接觸。如:Thereisacuponthetable.桌子上有一個杯子。圖示記憶3.at,in和on的用法(1)at與較小的地點連用。如:atthebusstop,athome(2)in與較大的地點連用。如:inChina,intheworld(3)on表示在一個平面上。如:onthefarm4.infrontof,inthefrontof和before(1)infrontof表示“在……的前面”(范圍外)。如:Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一些樹。(2)inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”(范圍內(nèi))。如:Puttheshortestflowersinthefrontofthebunch.把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置。(3)before所表示的位置關(guān)系和infrontof相同,表示“在……前面”。如:Hesitsbeforeme.他坐在我前面。5.below,underbelow表示“在……下方或位置低于……”,不一定有垂直在下之意;under表示“在……正下方”。如:Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.這件外套到了膝蓋下面。Hehidunderthebed.他藏在床底下。一．用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空①LiMinggoestoschoolhisfather‘’scareveryday.

②Mr.Greeniswritingtheblackboard.

③Theyheldalargeumbrellaher.

④—CanaplaneflytheAtlanticOcean?

—Yes,butitneedstogothecloudsforhours.

⑤Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswimthelake.

二．選擇填空1.Thesunshonethewindowandleftatinyrainbowonthewall.

A.beyond B.along C.through D.across2.YanchengistheonlycityChinatobenamedaftersalt.

A.at B.on C.in D.with3.Let’sputthepianooverthere,thewall.

A.above B.against C.across D.around考點三介詞的固定搭配介詞在實際運用中常常和名詞、動詞、形容詞等詞類構(gòu)成固定搭配,這些固定搭配在句子中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。onone’own獨自carefulabout小心laughat嘲笑inaword總而言之sureabout/of肯定takepartin參加inlife一生中certainabout/of確定thinkof想出;想起intime及時goodat擅長goonwith繼續(xù)atsea在海上goodfor對……有好處worryabout為……擔(dān)心ontime準(zhǔn)時,按時surprisedat對……吃驚lookafter照顧,照料intown在城里famous/knownfor因……而出名looklike看起來像onfoot步行readyfor為……做好了準(zhǔn)備lookfor尋找inEnglish用英語latefor遲到hearfrom收到……的來信inalowvoice小聲地differentfrom與……不同listento聽inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處successfulin在……成功arrivein到達(dá)(大地方)inpublic公開地interestedin對……感興趣arriveat到達(dá)(小地方)inthemiddleof...在……中間disappointedin對……失望getto到達(dá)waitfor等候introuble處于困境proudof為……感到驕傲agreewith同意,贊同ofcourse當(dāng)然(可以)tiredof厭倦thinkabout考慮到infact事實上afraidof害怕catchupwith趕上,追上insurprise驚奇地shortof短缺comefrom來自inahurry匆忙,急忙fullof充滿payfor付錢買……inthestreet在街上similarto與……相似shoutat對……叫嚷bytheway順便說familiarto為……所熟悉talkabout談?wù)揳tthemeeting在會上satisfiedwith對……滿意playwith與……玩耍intheend最后busywith忙于pointat指向一．選擇填空1.—WhydoyouchoosetouseBeidouNavigation(導(dǎo)航)SatelliteSystem,Mr.Li?—BecauseIthinkithasmanyadvantagesGPS(全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)).

A.on B.in C.over D.of2.Footballfansareoftencalledthe“12thman”becauseoftheirinfluenceateam.

A.to B.from C.on D.at3.LittleSimbawenthuntingalone.TheLionKingwalkedaround,hissafety.

A.withthehelpof B.infearofC.atthespeedof D.ontopof4.Ourcountryhasmadegreatprogressinthefightblueskiesandclearwaters.

A.in B.for C.against D.between5.It’sreportedthat,,peoplewithcollegeeducationcanmakemoremoneythanthosewithout.

A.ingeneral B.inpublic C.intime D.inall6.—DidyougoontheSilkRoadtripbytrain?—Yes.Thetrainwasgreat,justlikeahotelwheels—ithadallthatIneeded.

A.in B.at C.on D.by7.Whenyouhavejoys,youcansharethemyourfriends.

A.for B.in C.with D.on8.thehelpofmoderntechnology,scientistsgotaphotoofablackhole.

A.At B.In C.On D.With9.Scaredbytheloudnoise,therabbitsranoffalldirections.

A.on B.at C.in D.by10.—Ifsomeoneisyourway,whatwillyoudo?

—Iwillwaituntilheorshemovesinsteadofpushingpast.A.in B.on C.by D.along二．知識拓展其他用法1.表示運動方向的介詞(1)into,inside,in從外到內(nèi)。如:Hewentquicklyinto/inside/intheroom.他很快進(jìn)入到房間里。(2)on在……表面,onto到……上。如:Aboatisontheriver.一條小船在河上。Hejumpedontoatree.他跳上一棵樹。(3)across穿過一平面,through穿過一空間。如:Theboykickedtheballhardanditmovedacrossthegrass.這個男孩用力踢球,球飛過草地。Thetrainmovedfastthroughthetunnel.火車飛駛隧道。2.on與about的區(qū)別介詞詞義用法on關(guān)于側(cè)重論述,多用于比較重大、涉及比較深廣諸如國際形勢、政治、理論、學(xué)術(shù)報告、專著等方面的問題about關(guān)于側(cè)重于敘事,多用于個人事跡、故事內(nèi)容、一般的書籍、文章等較淺顯的問題3.between和among的區(qū)別between常指“在……(兩者)之間”;among用于指“在……(三者或三者以上的人或物)之間”。如果把三者或三者以上的人或事物分別看待,指每兩者之間,也可用between。如:MariasitsbetweenLucyandLily.瑪麗亞坐在露西和莉莉之間。MissWangstandsamongherstudents.王老師站在她的學(xué)生中間。4.across,through,over和past的區(qū)別across和through都用于表示“穿過”。across著重指從一條直線或一物體表面的一邊到另一邊,表示游渡、乘船過?；蜻^河時用across;through含有“從……中間穿過”之意。如:Hecanswimacrosstheriver.他能游過這條河。Shehadtopushherwaythroughthecrowdtogettoherson.她必須擠過人群才能到她的兒子跟前。over多指在空間范圍上“穿越”,而past指“經(jīng)過”。如:Theplaneflewoveralineofmountainsinthesouth-east.飛機(jī)從東南方的一座座山上飛過。Theywalkedpastatalltree.他們從一棵大樹旁走過。5.for,to和towards的區(qū)別for常用在leave,start后,表示運動的方向或目的。如:They’llleaveforBeijingtoattendameetingnextmonth.他們下個月將出發(fā)去北京參加一個會議。to接在go,come,return,move等詞之后,表示目的地。如:WhendidyoureturntoGuangzhouaftertheholiday?假期后你何時回廣州的?towards意為“朝、向”,只說明運動的方向,沒有“到達(dá)”的意思。如:Theyarerunningtowardsthesea.他們跑向大海。6.after與behind的區(qū)別兩個詞都有“在……后”之意,behind常表示位置方面的“后”,而after表示時間、次序上的“后”。如:behindtheschool,after5o’clock,afteryou7.in,with和by表示“用”時的區(qū)別in主要表示“用語言、聲音等”;with表示“用具體有形的東西”;by表示“用……手段或方式”,后常接動名詞。如:CanyousingthissonginEnglish?你能用英語唱這首歌嗎?Idomyhomeworkwithapen.我用鋼筆寫作業(yè)。Thegirlmademoneybysellingflowers.這個女孩通過賣花賺錢。8.but,besides和except的區(qū)別but表示“除……之外”,常與含否定意義的詞連用,當(dāng)but前有動詞do或其相關(guān)形式時,but后接動詞原形;except表示“除……之外(不再有)”,指從整體中排除except所接的人或物,前面常有all,every,any,no或一些復(fù)合詞;besides表示“除……之外(還有)”,其前常有other,another,anyother,afew等詞。如:Wecandonothingbutwait.除了等,我們什么也做不了。AllthestudentswenttothezooexceptJim.除了吉姆,所有的學(xué)生都去動物園了。Ihaveafewgoodfriendsbesidesyou.除了你之外,我還有幾個好朋友。9.in和after表示時間的區(qū)別(1)in表示以此時此刻為起點的將來的一個時間段之后,常與將來時態(tài)的謂語動詞連用;對時間狀語“in+時間段”(表將來)提問可以用howsoon。注意:inthepast意為“在過去”,與過去時連用;inthepast/last+時間段,意為“在過去的……中”,表示從現(xiàn)在算起的過去的一段時間,包括此時此刻在內(nèi),常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。如:Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschool.在過去的幾年中,我們學(xué)校的變化很大。(2)“after+時間段”常與過去時連用,“after+時間點”可與將來時連用。10.in和on的區(qū)別onon11.to和at用于行為對象時的區(qū)別at與某些動詞連用,表攻擊的目標(biāo),含有某種程度的惡意;to只表示方向,無惡意。如:Don’tlaughatothers.It’simpolite.不要嘲笑別人,那是不禮貌的。Shecametomeandshookmyhandwarmly.她走到我面前,熱情地和我握手。12.of和in用于最高級結(jié)構(gòu)中的區(qū)別of后一般接數(shù)詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù);in后一般是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。如:Tomisthetallestboyofthefour.湯姆是這四個男孩里最高的那一個。Tomisthetallestboyintheclass.湯姆是這個班級中最高的男孩。13.by,in和on表旅行方式的區(qū)別by:①不涉及表示交通工具的名詞時用by。如:bysea,byair;②涉及表示交通工具的名詞,且該名詞為單數(shù)形式,前面沒有冠詞或任何修飾語時用by。如:byship,byplane。on或in:當(dāng)旅行方式涉及確定的、特指的交通工具時用on或in,交通工具前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語。在開放型或半開放型工具前用on,在封閉型工具前用in。如:onmybike,inacar。14.ofsb.與forsb.的區(qū)別ofsb.用于Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.句型中,形容詞為clever,kind,nice等描述人物性格特征的詞,of后的人物與形容詞有主表關(guān)系。forsb.用于Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.句型中,形容詞為easy,important等描述真正的主語不定式特征的詞,形容詞表示的是主語對于for后的人物來說的性質(zhì)。如:Itiskindofyoutohelpme.你能幫助我真好。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.對我們來說學(xué)好英語很重要。15.to既是介詞,又是動詞不定式符號。作動詞不定式符號時,后面跟動詞原形;作介詞時,后面跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。下列含有to的詞組中to都是介詞,在使用時應(yīng)特別注意,如果它們后面跟的是動詞,則用動名詞形式。payattentionto,makeacontributionto,accordingto,getusedto,prefer...to...,lookforwardto一.根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子①Theywillfinishtheworkinanhour.

一小時后他們將完成這項工作。②onawarmspringafternoon在一個溫暖的春天的下午

③HehasstudiedEnglishsince2000.

自從2000年他就開始學(xué)英語了。④Ourteacherusuallystandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.

我們的老師通常站在教室前面。⑤Wineismadefromgrapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄釀造的。

⑥Clothesareusedforkeepinguswarm.

衣服是用來為我們保暖的。A組基礎(chǔ)題組Ⅰ.單項選擇1.Benwashelpinghismotherwhentherainbegantobeatheavilythewindows.

A.below B.across C.behind D.against2.Onsunnydays,mygrandmaoftenreadsanovelthewindow.

A.for B.by C.with D.from3.Volunteeringisagoodwaytoexperiencelifethecampus(校園).Takeanactivepartinit,andyouwilllearnmoreabouttheworld.

A.over B.beyond C.against D.above4.Don’tstayinsidesuchasunnyday.Let’sgoouttoenjoythesweetflowers.

A.in B.on C.by D.through5.IcanhardlyimaginewhatourlifewillbeliketheInternetintheinformationagenowadays.

A.through B.under C.without D.against6.Inordertogetthedifficulttimes,itisofgreatimportanceforcountriesallovertheworldtoworkcloselytogether.

A.beyond B.across C.through D.against7.Whenareyouarriving?I’llpickyouupthestation.

A.at B.to C.on D.off8.Fridayafternoon,ourschoolendsearlierthanusual.

A.At B.On C.To D.In9.Theblueplanetissofarfromtheearththatradiosignals,travelingthespeedoflight,take16hourstoreachthespacecraft.

A.for B.in C.on D.at10.ArthurConanDoyleisconsideredamasteratsolvingcrimes.

A.for B.as C.with D.by11.—Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?—theendoflastyear.

A.By B.At C.Since D.In12.Peteriscleverenoughtoreadandwritetheageof4.

A.between B.at C.to D.during13.Thesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakeadifferencetheenvironment.

A.for B.in C.of D.to14.Tomypleasure,myfamilyarealwaysme,soIcanfollowmydreamswithgreatcourage.

A.past B.above C.upon D.behind15.Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,youshouldbepatientstudents.

A.about B.to C.with D.ofⅡ.詞匯運用1.—Whereisthecitylibrary?—It’s(在……對面)thefrontgateoftheGrandHotel.

2.It’ssonicetotakeawalkonthepathwhichleads(穿過)thetreestotheriver.

3.Thetemperatureinourhometownusuallydrops(在……以下)zeroinwinter.

4.—Jim,Iwanttojointhearmy.—Areyoujoking?People(在……下)eighteenaren’tallowedtojointhearmy.

5.Inspring,beesandbutterfliesplay(在……中)theflowers.

B組提升題組Ⅰ.單項選擇1.WhentheaccidenthappenedtheeveningoflastSaturday,itwasblowingandraining.

A.at B.on C.in D./2.—Hi,MomdirectedbyJiaLingisahitthisyear.

—Itreallyis.Itshowsusthedeeplovebetweenamotherandadaughter.A./ B.in C.on D.at3.—theway,canyouoffermesomeadviceonhowtoimprovemyEnglish?

—WhynotbuyanEnglishdictionary?Itcanhelpyoumanyways.

A.In;by B.On;in C.By;in D.By;with4.—Look!Manyvolunteersarerecordingbirds’typesandchangestheirnumbers.

—Ithinkit’smeaningfulthemtoworkhereintheirsparetime.

A.in;of B.in;for C.on;for D.on;of5.Xinjiangcottonispraisedthebestcottoninourcountryitshighquality.

A.for;as B.for;by C.as;for D.by;for6.TheTomandJerryseriesfirstappearedonscreen1940.Andanewlive-action(真人版)TomandJerrycameoutFebruary26intheUSthisyear.

A.in;in B.in;on C.on;on D.on;in7.Sincehehadnotools,hehadtoputthepicturethewallbeforehecouldputitup.

A.on B.in C.against D.over8.—Ican’tthinkofanyotheractressprettierthanAudreyHepburn.—Exactly.Herbeautyiswords.

A.over B.beyond C.above D.without9.Mr.BlackhasgonetoShanghaionbusiness.Hewillreturnthreedays.

A.in B.at C.for D.on10.—Howdidyougetthewonderfulnews?—aMr.Lorry,onewell-informedperson.

A.Across B.Including C.Through D.ByⅡ.詞匯運用1.(在……期間)hisstayinYancheng,hemadesomegoodfriends.

2.(沒有)muchworktodealwith,Daviddecidedtohaveadrinktogetrelaxed.

3.—Whatyousaidgoesfarmyunderstanding,MissLee.

—Sorry,Iwillexplainitagainwithsimplewords.4.Asyouwalk(穿過)adoor,looktoseeifyoucanholditopenforsomeoneelse