銜接點10特殊句式（小初考點差異及銜接）小學(xué)要求主要學(xué)習(xí)疑問句、感嘆句、Therebe句型初中要求陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；5、由what,how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別?！拘W(xué)特殊句式考點聚焦】感嘆句1.選詞填空WhatHowWhataWhatan(1)nicetheskirtis! (2)hotitistoday!(3)bighorsestheyare! (4)interestingbookitis!(5)cleverboyheis! (6)clevertheboyis!(7)hardJackworks! (8)fastPeterruns!(9)finedayitis! (10)nicepicturestheyare!疑問句在下面的橫線上填上恰當?shù)囊蓡栐~。howlongwherehowmanywhenhowtallwhichwhywhosehowmuchwhohowfarwhathowoldhowhowheavy(1)-istheweatherliketoday?-It'ssunny.(2)-penisit?-It'sMary's.(3)-doesLucycometoschool?-Shecomestoschoolbycar.(4)-isyourjacket?-It's100yuan.(5)-isLucyfrom?-She'sfromAustralia.(6)-areyou?-I'melevenyearsold.(7)-areyou?-I'm155cm.(8)-areyou?-I'm60kg.(9)-boysarethereinyourclass?-Therearetwelve.(10)boyisyourbrother?-Theoneinaredcap.(11)-isyourmathsteacher?-MrChenismymathsteacher.(12)-isit?-It'sabout50kilometres.(13)didyoustayinAmerica?-Fortwoweeks.(14)doesyourfathergotowork?-At8:30a.m.(15)-doyoulikewinter?-BecauseIcanskate.Therebe句型1.選擇正確的詞填空。(16分)(1)There(is/are)sevendaysinaweek.(2)There(is/are)somemilkinthefridge.(3)There(is/isn't)anymoneyinhispocket.(4)There(is/was)abridgethreeyearsago.(5)(Is/Are)thereanyapplesonthetable?(6)There(is/are)aChinesebookandthreemathsbooksinmybag.(7)There(are/aren't)anysheepatthisfarm.(8)There(is/are)somebreadforyou.【初中特殊句式考點聚焦】考點清單簡單句的特點：簡單句通常只由一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成。一般分為陳述句、疑問句、感嘆句和祈使句四種。一、陳述句：用來說明一個事實的句子叫陳述句。它有肯定式和否定式兩種形式。陳述句的肯定式：Heisamiddleschoolstudent.（他是個中學(xué)生）Ihaveahammerinmyhand.（我手上有把錘子）Sheteachesusgeography.（她教我們地理）Thenewplaywasgoodenoughandeverybodyenjoyedit.（新的話劇非常好大家都喜歡）陳述句的否定式：1.謂語動詞如果是be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時,在它們的后面加“not”。如：Mybrotherisnotateacher.（我的弟弟不是教師）Hedoesnothaveacousin.（他沒有堂兄弟）Iwillnotgotheretomorrow.（明天我不去那兒）Youmustnotmakesuchmistakesagain.（你不該再犯類似錯誤了）2.謂語動詞如果沒有上述詞語而是其他動詞時,須在它的前面加donot(don’t).如：Idon’tknowanythingaboutit.(此事我一無所知)LiMingdoesnotfeedpigsinthecountryside.（李明不在農(nóng)村養(yǎng)豬）Wedidn’texpecttomeetherrighthere.（我們沒指望著在這里見到她）Wedidn’thaveameetingyesterdayafternoon.(昨天下午我們沒有開會)[注意]1.句子中如果有all、both、verymuch/well等詞時,用not一般構(gòu)成部分否定,如果要完全否定,則通常使用none、neither、not…atall等；如：Allofthemwentthere.→Noneofthemwentthere.（他們?nèi)既チ四抢铩麄內(nèi)紱]去那里）2.句子中含有l(wèi)ittle、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等詞時,則視為否定句。如：Fewpeoplelivetherebecauselifethereisveryhard.（幾乎沒有人生活在那里因為那里的生活太艱難了）二、疑問句一般疑問句：用“yes”或“no”來回答的疑問句叫做一般疑問句。一般疑問句構(gòu)成：句中謂語動詞是be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時,則將它們(提前)放到主語前面。如：Isheanengineer?（他是工程師嗎？）Haveyougottoday’snewspaper?（你有今天的報紙嗎？）Shallwegotoseeafilmthisevening?（我們今晚去看電影好嗎？）Canyouexplainit?（你能解釋它嗎？）Isthereanyfishforsupper?（晚飯有魚嗎？）Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?（你想出去散步嗎？）謂語動詞如果沒有上述詞語而是其他動詞時,則在主語前面加助動詞do/does/did,原來的謂語動詞改為原形。如：Doyougetupatsixeverymorning?（你天天早晨六點起身嗎？）Doesshestudyhard?（她學(xué)習(xí)努力嗎？）Didyougothereyesterday?（昨天你去那兒了嗎？）2.一般疑問句的回答：一般疑問句通常用簡略形式來回答。如：Willyoujoinusinplayingbasketball?（你加入我們打籃球好嗎？）—Yes,wewill.（是的我們會。）/—No,wewon’t.（不我們不會。）3.一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)(即否定形式的一般疑問句)表示驚奇、責(zé)怪、建議、看法等,只要將“not”置于主語之后或者將“not”放到主語之前與be,have等助動詞或情態(tài)動詞合并在一起就可以了。如：Willhenotcome?（他難道不來嗎？）Isn’tyoursisteraPartymember?（你的姐姐不是黨員嗎？）這種否定結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問句的回答與漢語的習(xí)慣不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。(情況與反意問句類似。)如：Can’theanswerthequestion?(他不能回答這個問題嗎？)—Yes,hecan.(不,他能回答這個問題。)—No,hecan’t.(是的,他不能回答這個問題。)特殊疑問句1.特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問代詞+一般疑問句+？除who以外的疑問代詞短語疑問副詞如：Whatdoyouwant?（你要什么？）Who(m)areyoulookingfor?（你在找誰？）Whichclassareyouin?（你在哪班？）Whendidyougetupthismorning?（你今早什么時候起身的？）Wherehaveyoubeen?（你到哪兒去了？）Whydidhegotobedsoearly?（他為什么這么早睡覺？）Howdidyougothere?（你是怎么去的那兒？）但是,“who”引出的詢問主語或主語部分相關(guān)詞的特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)與陳述句詞序相同：如：Whoisdancingoverthere?（誰在那邊跳舞？）有時“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出與陳述句詞序相同的特殊疑問句。如：Whatisonthewall?（什么東西在墻上？/墻上有什么？）Whichisyours?（哪個是你的？）Whosebookisinyourbag?（誰的書在你的書包里？）[注意]從陳述句改為特殊問句時,先將句子改為一般問句,再將(劃線)提問部分更改為疑問詞置于句首,特別要注意助動詞的使用！如果只對主語或主語的修飾詞提問,那么只需要將疑問部分改為疑問詞即可。2)常用疑問代詞和疑問副詞疑問代詞疑問副詞what,who(whom,whose),whichwhen,where,why,how(often,far,long,soon,old,many,much)疑問詞提問對象What（什么）對主語，謂語、表語、賓語提問Whatmakesyousoworried?Whatareyoudoing?Whatisthis?Whatcanyousee?Theexammakesmesoworried.IamwatchingTV.Thisisaruler.Icanseeadog.Who（誰）對主語提問Whoisourmonitor?Tomisourmonitor.Which（哪個）對定語提問Whichskirtdoyouprefer?Iprefertheredone.When（什么時候）對時間提問Whendoyougetupeveryday?Igetupat6o’clock.Where（哪里）對地點提問Wherearethey?Theyareathome.Why（為什么）對原因提問Whydidn’tyoufinishyourjobintime?Whydoyoustudysohard?BecauseIwasverytired.Topasstheexam.How（怎樣）對表示方式、程度的詞提問Howdoyougotoschool？Howisyourschoolday?Igotoschoolbycar./by+doing.It’sgood.Howold（多大）對年齡提問Howoldisyourson?Heistwoyearsold.Howmany（多少）對數(shù)量提問，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?Therearethreeteachersinmyschool.Howmuch（多少）對數(shù)量提問后接不可數(shù)名詞/對錢提問Howmuchwaterinthebottle?Howmucharethesocks?Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.Thesocksareseverdollars.Howlong（多長時間）對時間段提問Howlongdoesittaketogotoschool?Ittakesme2hourstogotoschool.Howoften（多久）對頻率提問Howoftendoyoudoexercise?Idoexerciseonceaweek.Howfar(多遠)對距離提問Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?Itis3kmfrommyhometoschool.Howsoon(多久后)對將來時間提問Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork?Iwillfinishmyworkinanhour.選擇疑問句：提出兩種或兩種以上情況,需要對方作出選擇回答的疑問句叫選擇疑問句。1)構(gòu)成：(1)一般疑問句+or+第二選項？(2)特殊疑問句+第一選項(+第二選項)+or+第三選項？2)選擇疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)與特殊疑問句相同,即要具體回答,不可以用yes/no回答。如：Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?–Agirl.(----你的朋友是男孩還是女孩？----是女孩。)Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeortea?–Tea,please.(---你要哪一樣咖啡還是茶？----請來茶吧。)Whichdoyoulikebest,singing,dancingorskating?--Dancing,ofcourse.(----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜歡哪樣？----當然是跳舞啦！)1.isyourhometown?Ican’tfinditanywhereonthemap.

A.What B.Which C.When D.Where2.—haveyoubeenamemberoftheYouthLeague?

—Forthreeyears.A.Howlong B.Howmany C.Howoften D.Howfar3.—doyouplayvolleyball，Amy?

—Threedaysaweek.A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howoften D.Howmuch4.—didtheonlineconcertbegin?

—Youdidn’tmissanything.Ithasjustbegun.A.When B.Where C.What D.Why5.—isChina’sTiangongspacestationfromus?

—About400kilometersabovetheearth.A.Howmuch B.Howoften C.Howfar D.Howlong6.—IlovethisT?shirt.doesitcost?

—50yuan.Whynottryiton?A.Howlong B.Howoften C.Howold D.Howmuch7.—willyouleaveforcamping?

—Thisweekend.Everythingisreadyforthepicnic.A.When B.Where C.How D.Why8.—canyouskiprope，Linda?

—Over200timesinaminute.A.Howsoon B.Howfar C.Howfast D.Howlong三、祈使句祈使句用來表示請求、命令等。它的主語you往往省略。祈使句的肯定式：動詞(原形)+其他如：Pleasegivemeahand.(請幫忙)/Shutup!(住嘴！)祈使句的否定式：Don’t+動詞原形+其他如：Pleasedon’ttalkinlowvoices.(請不要低聲講話。)Don’tlookback!(不要掉頭看。)[注意]以“l(fā)et’s”引出的祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu),“not”應(yīng)放在“l(fā)et’s”后面。如：Let’snottroublehim.(我們不要打擾他。)肯定祈使句前可以用助動詞來強調(diào)語氣。如：Pleasedohelpme!(請千萬幫幫我。)1.fasttoyourdreams，forifdreamsdie，lifeislikeabroken?wingedbirdthatcanneverfly.

A.Hold B.Tohold C.Held D.Holding2.—Cindy，outtherubbishwhenyouleave.AndI’lldothedishes.

—OK，Dad.A.take B.takes C.took D.totake3.—Yourroomisinaterriblemess，Tom.yourbookshereandtherenexttime.

—OK，.I’llputthemawayinfiveminutes，Mum.

A.Don’tleave;Iwon’t B.Won’tleave;IwillC.Don’tleave;Iwill D.Won’tleave;Iwon’t4.MrLee，(notmix)yourlifeandworktogether.

5.(make)suretherearenomistakesinyourpaperandyoucanhanditin.

四、感嘆句感嘆句用來表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情。句末常用“！”對含有形容詞的名詞短語感嘆的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：What+(a/an)+(形容詞)+名詞+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)(主謂語),用來強調(diào)句子中的名詞,如：Whatagood,kindgirl(sheis)!(她是多么善良的好女孩！)/Whatbadweather(itis)!(天氣真糟糕！)僅對形容詞或副詞進行感嘆的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)(主謂語),用來強調(diào)句子中的形容詞、副詞或動詞。如：Howcarefullytheoldmanwalks!(這老人走路真小心！)Howdeliciousthefoodis!(這食品真好吃！)`Howbeautiful!(真美呀！)Howbeautifulthegirlis!=Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!1.clevergirlKittyis!Shecancomeupwithsomecreativewaystofinishtheproject.

A.What B.Howa C.How D.Whata2.greatscientistYuanLongpingis!Hespentallhislifeontheresearchofrice.

A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa3.niceitistodrinkacupofcoffeeafterlonghours’work!

A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa4.—greatsurprisetoseeyouhere，Daniel!

—Yeah.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforquitealongtime.A.Whata B.What C.Howa D.How6.—doyouadmireYuanLongpingfor?

—Hedevotedallhislifetotheresearchanddevelopmentofbetterriceplants.A.Why B.What C.How D.Where7.Itisreallyapleasanttimetohaveapicniconawarmsunnyday.(改為感嘆句)pleasanttimeitistohaveapicniconawarmsunnyday!

8.Dadusuallymakesbadplansbutthistimehegotitright,finally.asurprise!

9.Iwasredintheface.IwishedIcoulddisappear!

10.thankfulIwastomyfriendJohn!

一．情景對話請通讀下面的對話,根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容,從方框內(nèi)的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有一項為多余選項。A(JohnandhisfriendKatearetalkingonthephone.J=John,K=Kate)J:Hello?K:Hi,John!1Youweren'tatthepartylastSunday.

J:I'monvacationrightnow.K:Great!2

J:I'mafraidnot.It'sanunusualbeach.Inmyopinion,thefewerpeople,thebetter.K:3

J:That'strue.Thesunisshiningbrightlyandtheseaissobeautiful.K:4

J:Nothingmuch.Ijustreadandresteveryday.Infact,Iwasasleepbeforeyourcall.K:Oh,I'msorry.5

J:Thanks.Seeyounextweek.A.Whereareyou?B.Thatsoundsnice.C.IsitaplaceIknow?D.Haveagreatvacation.E.Manypeopleareattheparty?F.Didyoudoanythingspecialthere?BMan:Goodmorning,welcometotheArtSchool.Woman:Thanks.I'dliketojoinoneofyoureveningartcourses.Man:OK.1

Woman:Chinesepaintingcourse.IlikeChinesepainting.2

Man:Yes,itis.Verybeautiful.Nowlet'sfillinthisform.3

Woman:LucyGreen.Man:Whichcountryareyoufrom?Woman:Well,4ButactuallyI'mAmerican.

Man:Isee.Nextquestion.Canyoutellmewhereyoulive?Woman:5

Man:Thanks.Now,I'llgiveyousomeinformation.A.It'ssobeautiful.B.Whichcourse?C.IworkhereinEngland.D.What'syourname,please?E.Yes,it's58CharnwoodRoad.F.HowdoyouknowaboutChinesepainting?二.短文填空Oneday,Iwantedmyfathertogetsomefruitforme.SoIsaidtomyfather,“Dad,1.here!”Whenmydadheardme,hecameoverrightaway.However,mymomsaidtome,“2.sayitthatway.Sayitmorepolitely.”

“Ididn'twantto,”Ireplied.“Ifyoudon'tsayitpolitely,then3.watchingTVfromnowon!”mymomsaidangrily.

4.sadIwaswhenIheardthis!Thenmymomsaid,“5.youwantotherstobepolitetoyou?Ifso,youshouldbepolitetootherstoo.”

Indeed,weshouldbepolite,oritmightmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.三.方框選詞填空askbedon’thelphowlongmakeneedwaitPre?examstressisoneofthebiggestproblemsinstudents’lives.Itmakesyoufeelbadandstopsyoufromthinkingclearly.Sohere1sometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.

BeorganizedandstartearlyThebestwaytodealwithexamstressistohaveagoodstudyplan.Decidehowmuchtimetospendoneachsubject.Anddon’t2untilthelastminutetostudyeverything.

Don’tbeafraidtoaskWhenwedon’tunderstandsomething，wefeelstressed.It’snormal.Butdon’tworryaboutit，dosomethingaboutit!3yourteacherforhelp.Allteacherswanttheirstudentstodowellinexams.

Healthybody，healthybrainYourbody4exerciseforyourbraintoworkbetter.Sodon’tstudyallthetime.Itcanjust5youmorestressed.Dosomesport，gotothegymorjustgoforawalk.Justgetupandmove!

EatandsleepwellIt’simportantforyourbraintorest.6doyouneedtosleepeverynight?Atleasteighthours.Eatahealthydietandavoiddrinkswithcaffeinethatcanstopyoufromsleepingwell.

7keepyourstresstoyourself

Finally，ifyouhavefollowedallthisadviceandyoustillfeelstressed，thendon’tkeepitasecret.Talktosomeone，yourmumoryourdad，afriendorateacherandtellthemhowyoufeel.Weallneed8sometimes.

1.2.3.

4.5.6.

7.8.

一Manfirstlanded(著陸）onthemoonin1969.Butdidyouknowthatmanwasnotthefirsttotravelaroundthemoon?OnSeptember14,1968,theSovietSpaceProgramsenttwotortoises(烏龜)intospaceforatriparoundthemoon.Afteraweek-longtrip,thetortoiseslandedintheIndianOcean.TheytraveledbacktoMoscow(莫斯科）onOctober7.Boththetortoisesstilllivedafterthetrip.Theylostabout10%oftheirbodyweight(體重），buttheywerestillhealthy.Theyweredissected(解剖)onOctober11,1968.Scientistswantedtoseehowtheirbodieschangedafterthespacetravel.Theyfoundthat"Eatingnofoodmadethetortoisesthinner.butnotthespacetravel”.Itshowedthattheanimalscouldliveaftertravelingaroundthemoon.Butthisdidnotmeanthatmancoulddothesame.Thetwotortoiseswerethefirsttotravelaroundthemoonsuccessfully.Before1968otheranimalswerealsosenttotravelinspace.butmanyofthemcouldn'tlivetotravelbacktotheearth.1.Howlongdidthetwotortoisestravelinspace?2.Whywerethetwotortoisesdissected?3.Whatmadethetwotortoiseslosetheirbodyweight?4.Whendidthetwotortoisescomeback?5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?二Acolorfulbalcony(陽臺)withfreshvegetablesandfruitshasturnedintoacommonsightthisyear.Shanghai,Beijing,andDongguanareamongthetopfivecitiesforvegetablegrowers,whoaremainlyintheir20sand30s.Coriander,chives,chilipeppersandtomatoesarethemostpopularchoices.Inthefirstthreemonthsthisyear,salesofvegetableseedsonlinedoubled.LuZhipeng,whoheadsTmall’sflowerdepartment,saidbalconygardeningisnowworth(值)tensofbillionsofyuan.Infact,growingvegetablesinbalconygardensismorethanjustanachievement.Itisbecomingalifestyle.ZhangMin,atwenty-year-oldgirl,onlyspentalittlemoneyonseedpackages,soilandflowerpotstobuilda“farm”onher6-square-meterbalcony.“Ifeellikeyoungpeoplegrowingvegetablesonbalconiesisaspopularassquaredancingisforourparents.”Zhangsaid.ShehasharvestedsmalltomatoesthreetimesfromherbalconygardeninBeijing.Redpeppersandcoriandersareregularsinhergarden,andsheaddsthemtoherdisheswhencooking.Forteenagers,balconygardeningisawaytoenjoynature.Especiallywhentheylivefarawayfromrealfields.Andbytakingcareofvegetables,theylearntorespectlives.1.Whatdopeopledoontheirbalconyaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Theygrowvegetablesandfruits. B.Theysellvegetableseeds.C.Theydosomereading. D.Theyplantflowers.2.WhatdoesZhangMinthinkofbalconygardening?A.Popular. B.Expensive. C.Meaningless. D.Educational.3.WhatdoesZhangMinliketogrowonherbalcony?A.Coriander,chivesandtomatoes. B.Chillipepper,tomatoesandchives.C.Chillipepper,chivesandcoriander. D.Tomatoes,redpepperandcoriander.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harvested”mean?A.Sold. B.Bought. C.Collected. D.Watered.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Popularvegetableseeds.B.Balconygardeningforchildren.C.Topfivecitiesforvegetablegrowers.D.Anewlifestyle—balconygardening.三①InDecember2021,peopleinShenzhenfoundthatwaterranmoreslowlyfromtheirtaps.Thegovernment(政府)saidthecitywasfacingitsmostseriouswatershortageever.②SomeothercitiesinthesouthernpartofChina,likeChengduandGuangzhou,arealsobecoming“thirsty”,thePaperreported.Compared(相比)withnorthernareas,southernareashavemorerainandareclosetomoreriversandlakes.Sowhyaretheystillshortonwater?③InbigcitieslikeShenzhenandGuangzhou,populationsaregrowingfast.Asaresult,peopleandfactoriesneedmoreandmorewater.EachpersoninShenzhenhasaboutonly200cubicmetersofwatereachyear.It’s1/12ofthecountry’saverage(平均水平).AccordingtotheUnitedNations