CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)對復(fù)合催化劑ReSER制氫穩(wěn)定性的影響及優(yōu)化策略研究一、引言1.1研究背景與意義在全球能源轉(zhuǎn)型的大背景下，氫能作為一種清潔、高效、可持續(xù)的能源載體，受到了廣泛關(guān)注。氫能具有燃燒熱值高、產(chǎn)物無污染等獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢，被視為未來能源體系的重要組成部分。在眾多制氫技術(shù)中，水蒸氣重整制氫工藝憑借其技術(shù)成熟、原料來源廣泛等特點(diǎn)，成為目前最為可行的制氫途徑之一。然而，該工藝存在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題，即催化劑的制氫穩(wěn)定性不足。在反應(yīng)過程中，催化劑容易因積碳、燒結(jié)、中毒等原因而失活，這不僅導(dǎo)致制氫效率降低，還使得生產(chǎn)成本大幅增加，嚴(yán)重限制了水蒸氣重整制氫工藝的廣泛應(yīng)用。為了解決這一問題，基于CaO（或其它堿性金屬氧化物）的碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生（Ca-CO?Looping）技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。該技術(shù)利用CaO在一定條件下與CO?發(fā)生碳酸化反應(yīng)生成CaCO?，然后在高溫下CaCO?熱解再生為CaO和CO?的特性，實(shí)現(xiàn)了催化劑的循環(huán)使用，從而提高了催化劑的穩(wěn)定性。CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)技術(shù)能夠在高溫下長時(shí)間穩(wěn)定地進(jìn)行循環(huán)，為解決催化劑失活問題提供了新的思路。復(fù)合催化劑ReSER則是一種新型的高效催化劑，它通過將催化劑納米顆粒（如Ni、Co等）放置在RexSy（富勒烯類結(jié)構(gòu)）和MoS?（層狀結(jié)構(gòu)）的三維網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)作為載體上，形成了具有三種不同功能的多孔復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（Re：金屬硫化物、S：含硫富勒烯、ER：硫化碳層）。這種獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)使得ReSER催化劑在反應(yīng)中能夠發(fā)揮協(xié)同催化和高效催化的作用，可顯著提高制氫的產(chǎn)率和選擇性。本研究聚焦于CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)對復(fù)合催化劑ReSER制氫穩(wěn)定性的影響，并深入探究相關(guān)改性措施，具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義。在理論層面，通過研究二者之間的相互作用機(jī)制，能夠深入揭示催化劑失活的內(nèi)在原因，豐富和完善催化反應(yīng)理論。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面，本研究旨在提高ReSER催化劑的制氫穩(wěn)定性和使用壽命，降低生產(chǎn)成本，為水蒸氣重整制氫工藝的優(yōu)化和推廣提供技術(shù)支持和理論依據(jù)，促進(jìn)氫能產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。1.2國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀在CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)的研究方面，國內(nèi)外學(xué)者已取得了一定成果。有研究深入探討了CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)的熱力學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)特性，通過實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論計(jì)算，揭示了反應(yīng)溫度、壓力、CO?濃度等因素對反應(yīng)速率和平衡轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明，在適宜的反應(yīng)條件下，CaO能夠快速與CO?發(fā)生反應(yīng)，生成CaCO?，且反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化率較高。還有研究關(guān)注了CaO在循環(huán)使用過程中的活性衰減問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加，CaO顆粒會(huì)發(fā)生燒結(jié)、團(tuán)聚等現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致其比表面積減小，活性位點(diǎn)減少，從而使碳酸化反應(yīng)活性逐漸降低。為了解決這一問題，研究人員嘗試了多種方法，如對CaO進(jìn)行改性處理，添加助劑或采用特殊的制備工藝等，以提高其抗燒結(jié)性能和循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。復(fù)合催化劑ReSER在制氫領(lǐng)域的研究也備受關(guān)注。相關(guān)研究詳細(xì)分析了ReSER催化劑的結(jié)構(gòu)與性能之間的關(guān)系，發(fā)現(xiàn)其獨(dú)特的三維網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)能夠提供豐富的活性位點(diǎn)，促進(jìn)反應(yīng)物的吸附和活化，從而顯著提高制氫反應(yīng)的活性和選擇性。通過對不同活性組分（如Ni、Co等）和載體（RexSy和MoS?）的組合研究，進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化了催化劑的性能，使其在較低的反應(yīng)溫度下也能展現(xiàn)出良好的催化活性。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，ReSER催化劑也面臨一些挑戰(zhàn)，如成本較高、制備工藝復(fù)雜等，限制了其大規(guī)模推廣應(yīng)用。然而，目前關(guān)于CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)與復(fù)合催化劑ReSER制氫穩(wěn)定性之間關(guān)聯(lián)的研究相對較少。雖然已有研究表明CaO的碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)能夠在一定程度上提高催化劑的穩(wěn)定性，但其具體作用機(jī)制尚未完全明確。對于復(fù)合催化劑ReSER在CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)條件下的結(jié)構(gòu)演變、活性變化以及兩者之間的相互作用規(guī)律等方面的研究還存在不足。此外，如何通過改性措施進(jìn)一步提高復(fù)合催化劑ReSER在CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)體系中的制氫穩(wěn)定性，也是當(dāng)前研究亟待解決的問題。綜上所述，當(dāng)前研究在CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)和復(fù)合催化劑ReSER制氫方面取得了一定進(jìn)展，但在兩者關(guān)聯(lián)研究以及提高復(fù)合催化劑制氫穩(wěn)定性的改性措施方面仍存在不足。本研究將針對這些問題展開深入探究，以期為水蒸氣重整制氫工藝的優(yōu)化提供理論支持和技術(shù)參考。1.3研究內(nèi)容與方法本研究主要聚焦于探究CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)對復(fù)合催化劑ReSER制氫穩(wěn)定性的影響，并探索有效的改性措施以提升其性能，具體研究內(nèi)容如下：構(gòu)建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)：精心設(shè)計(jì)并搭建一套制氫實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，該平臺(tái)以制氫反應(yīng)器為核心，配備高精度的溫度、壓力和流量控制設(shè)備。通過精確調(diào)控反應(yīng)溫度、壓力以及氫氣流量等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，模擬不同的反應(yīng)工況，為后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)提供穩(wěn)定且可重復(fù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件。在反應(yīng)溫度的選擇上，參考相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)及前期預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，設(shè)定多個(gè)溫度梯度，如500℃、600℃、700℃等，以研究溫度對反應(yīng)的影響。壓力范圍則控制在0.1-1.0MPa之間，氫氣流量根據(jù)反應(yīng)需求進(jìn)行精確調(diào)節(jié)，確保實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的全面性和可靠性。制備與性能測定：采用先進(jìn)的化學(xué)合成方法制備復(fù)合催化劑ReSER，嚴(yán)格控制制備過程中的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，如原料配比、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、溫度等，以確保催化劑的質(zhì)量和性能的一致性。利用X射線衍射（XRD）、掃描電子顯微鏡-能譜儀（SEM-EDS）、透射電子顯微鏡（TEM）等先進(jìn)表征技術(shù)，對制備的催化劑進(jìn)行微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和元素組成分析，深入了解催化劑的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、顆粒大小及分布、元素分布等信息。通過固定床反應(yīng)器，在特定的反應(yīng)條件下，對催化劑的制氫活性和穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行測試。記錄不同反應(yīng)時(shí)間下的氫氣產(chǎn)率、純度以及催化劑的失活情況，為后續(xù)研究提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。探究循環(huán)影響及失活原因：將CaO引入制氫反應(yīng)體系，使其與復(fù)合催化劑ReSER協(xié)同作用，研究CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)對ReSER催化劑制氫穩(wěn)定性的影響規(guī)律。在多個(gè)循環(huán)周期內(nèi)，詳細(xì)監(jiān)測反應(yīng)過程中氫氣的產(chǎn)量、純度以及催化劑的活性變化，分析循環(huán)次數(shù)與催化劑性能之間的關(guān)系。通過對反應(yīng)前后催化劑的結(jié)構(gòu)和組成進(jìn)行對比分析，結(jié)合熱重分析（TGA）、程序升溫還原（TPR）等技術(shù)，深入探究催化劑失活的內(nèi)在原因，如積碳、燒結(jié)、活性組分流失等因素對催化劑性能的影響機(jī)制。改性措施及效果分析：采用單一改性或復(fù)合改性等多種方式對ReSER催化劑進(jìn)行改性處理。單一改性方面，嘗試添加不同的助劑（如稀土元素La、Ce等），通過改變催化劑的電子結(jié)構(gòu)和表面性質(zhì)，提高其抗積碳和抗燒結(jié)能力；調(diào)整催化劑的制備工藝，如改變煅燒溫度、時(shí)間等條件，優(yōu)化催化劑的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和孔結(jié)構(gòu)，增強(qiáng)其活性和穩(wěn)定性。復(fù)合改性則是將多種改性方法結(jié)合起來，綜合發(fā)揮不同改性方式的優(yōu)勢，進(jìn)一步提升催化劑的性能。對改性后的催化劑進(jìn)行全面的性能測試和表征分析，對比改性前后催化劑的制氫活性、穩(wěn)定性以及結(jié)構(gòu)和表面性質(zhì)的變化，深入分析改性措施對催化劑制氫穩(wěn)定性的影響機(jī)制，篩選出最佳的改性方案。表征分析與機(jī)理研究：運(yùn)用XRD、SEM-EDS、TEM、XPS（X射線光電子能譜）等多種先進(jìn)的材料表征技術(shù)，對改性前后的催化劑進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的分析。XRD用于確定催化劑的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和物相組成，通過對比不同催化劑的XRD圖譜，分析改性對晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的影響；SEM-EDS用于觀察催化劑的表面形貌和元素分布，直觀了解催化劑的顆粒形態(tài)和元素組成變化；TEM則能夠提供更詳細(xì)的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)信息，如催化劑的晶格條紋、界面結(jié)構(gòu)等；XPS用于分析催化劑表面元素的化學(xué)狀態(tài)和電子結(jié)構(gòu)，揭示改性前后催化劑表面活性位點(diǎn)的變化。結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和表征結(jié)果，深入探究改性對催化劑結(jié)構(gòu)和表面性質(zhì)的影響，闡明改性措施提高催化劑制氫穩(wěn)定性的作用機(jī)理，為催化劑的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù)。在研究方法上，本研究采用實(shí)驗(yàn)研究與表征分析相結(jié)合的方式。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究方面，通過設(shè)計(jì)一系列嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶?shí)驗(yàn)，控制變量，系統(tǒng)地研究CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)與復(fù)合催化劑ReSER制氫穩(wěn)定性之間的關(guān)系，以及不同改性措施對催化劑性能的影響。在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中，嚴(yán)格遵循科學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)規(guī)范，確保實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。表征分析則是利用先進(jìn)的材料分析技術(shù)，對催化劑的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、組成和表面性質(zhì)進(jìn)行深入研究，從微觀層面揭示催化劑性能變化的本質(zhì)原因。通過將實(shí)驗(yàn)研究與表征分析有機(jī)結(jié)合，相互驗(yàn)證和補(bǔ)充，全面深入地探究CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)對復(fù)合催化劑ReSER制氫穩(wěn)定性的影響及改性措施的作用機(jī)制。二、相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)2.1水蒸氣重整制氫工藝水蒸氣重整制氫工藝是當(dāng)前應(yīng)用較為廣泛的一種制氫技術(shù)，其原理基于一系列復(fù)雜的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。以甲烷水蒸氣重整制氫為例，主要涉及以下兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵反應(yīng)：[CH_{4}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoonsCO+3H_{2}\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\[CH_{4}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoonsCO+3H_{2}\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\2.2CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)技術(shù)2.2.1CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)與再生循環(huán)原理CaO碳酸化反應(yīng)—再生循環(huán)技術(shù)基于CaO與CO?之間的可逆化學(xué)反應(yīng)。在一定條件下，CaO能夠與CO?發(fā)生碳酸化反應(yīng)，生成CaCO?，反應(yīng)方程式如下：[CaO+CO_{2}\rightleftharpoonsCaCO_{3}\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\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