2025年全國英語等級考試（PETS）四級試卷：量子計算在科研領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用英語試題考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項選擇（本部分共20小題，每小題1分，滿分20分）要求：從每小題的四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。1.Therapiddevelopmentofquantumcomputinghas______scientistsandresearcherstoexplorenewpossibilitiesinvariousfields.A)encouragedB)challengedC)surprisedD)disappointed2.Quantumcomputersusequbitsinsteadofclassicalbits,which______theirabilitytoperformcomplexcalculationsatunprecedentedspeeds.A)enhancesB)limitsC)slowsdownD)replaces3.Oneofthemajor______ofquantumcomputingisitspotentialtosolveoptimizationproblemsthatarecurrentlyintractableforclassicalcomputers.A)benefitsB)drawbacksC)mysteriesD)risks4.In2023,GoogleQuantumAI______aquantumsupremacyexperiment,demonstratingthatitsquantumcomputercouldsolveaspecificproblemin200secondsthatwouldtakethemostadvancedclassicalsupercomputer10,000years.A)conductedB)failedC)delayedD)abandoned5.Quantumentanglement,aphenomenonwheretwoqubitsremainconnectedregardlessofthedistancebetweenthem,______thefoundationofmanyquantumalgorithms.A)breaksB)supportsC)contradictsD)ignores6.ResearchersatIBMhave______aquantumcomputerwith127qubits,whichisconsideredasignificantsteptowardpracticalquantumapplications.A)developedB)criticizedC)dismissedD)doubted7.Thefieldofquantumcomputingishighlyinterdisciplinary,requiringknowledgefromphysics,computerscience,andmathematics.A)simpleB)narrowC)complexD)isolated8.Quantumcryptographyaimstocreatecommunicationsystemsthataretheoreticallyunbreakable,leveragingtheprinciplesofquantummechanics.A)secureB)unreliableC)slowD)inefficient9.Amajor______inquantumcomputingistheissueofqubitdecoherence,whichcandisruptquantumcomputations.A)breakthroughB)challengeC)discoveryD)advantage10.Quantummachinelearningcombinesquantumcomputingwithmachinelearningalgorithmsto______computationalefficiencyandaccuracy.A)improveB)reduceC)eliminateD)maintain11.TheoreticalphysicistRichardFeynmanonce______that"Ifyouthinkyouunderstandquantummechanics,youdon'tunderstandquantummechanics,"highlightingitscomplexity.A)admittedB)deniedC)explainedD)questioned12.Quantumsimulationallowsresearcherstomodelquantumsystemsthataretoocomplextostudyexperimentally,providinginsightsintomaterialsscienceandchemistry.A)enablesB)disablesC)excludesD)ignores13.Quantumerrorcorrectionisacriticaltechnologythathelps______qubitsfromerrorswithoutcollapsingthequantumstate.A)protectB)destroyC)ignoreD)replace14.Thetransitionfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalquantumcomputingapplicationsrequiressignificantadvancementsinhardwareandsoftware.A)smoothB)gradualC)suddenD)difficult15.Quantumcomputinghasthepotentialtorevolutionizefieldssuchasdrugdiscoveryby______complexmolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel.A)simulatingB)ignoringC)avoidingD)measuring16.Microsoft'sQuantumDevelopmentKit(QDK)______developerstoexperimentwithquantumalgorithmsandapplications.A)encouragesB)discouragesC)allowsD)prevents17.Theconceptofquantumsupremacyreferstothepointwherequantumcomputerscanperformtasksthatclassicalcomputerscannot.A)efficiencyB)capabilityC)speedD)complexity18.Quantumcomputingcanhelpoptimizesupplychainsbysolvingcomplexlogisticsproblemsmoreefficientlythanclassicalmethods.A)improveB)complicateC)delayD)ignore19.Theintegrationofquantumcomputingwithartificialintelligencecouldleadto______advancementsinmachinelearninganddataanalysis.A)rapidB)slowC)minimalD)negligible20.Quantumcomputingisstillinitsearlystages,withmany______andchallengestoovercomebeforewidespreadadoption.A)breakthroughsB)discoveriesC)obstaclesD)successes二、完形填空（本部分共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）要求：閱讀下面的短文，文中有20處空白，每處空白有四個選項。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從四個選項中為每處空白選擇一個最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Lastyear,ateamofresearchersatStanfordUniversity______(21)agroundbreakingexperimentthatdemonstratedthepotentialofquantumcomputinginclimatescience.Theexperiment______(22)aquantumcomputertomodeltheEarth'satmospherewithunprecedentedaccuracy,providingnewinsightsintoclimatechange.This______(23)asignificantmilestoneinthefield,asitshowedhowquantumcomputingcould______(24)complexenvironmentalsystemsmoreefficientlythanclassicalcomputers.TheresearchersusedaquantumalgorithmcalledVariationalQuantumEigensolver(VQE)to______(25)theinteractionsbetweenatmosphericparticlesandsolarradiation.Theresultswere______(26),revealingpatternsthatwerepreviouslydifficulttodetectwithtraditionalmethods.Thisbreakthrough______(27)thewayweapproachclimatemodeling,asitallowsformoredetailedandaccuratepredictions.However,thejourneytothispoint______(28)notbeeneasy.Quantumcomputingisstillinitsinfancy,and______(29)manychallengesremain,includingqubitstabilityanderrorcorrection.Despitethese______(30),thepotentialbenefitsofquantumcomputinginaddressingclimatechangeareimmense.ProfessorEmilyCarter,wholedthestudy,______(31)that"QuantumcomputinghasthepowertotransformourunderstandingoftheEarth'sclimate,andthisisjustthebeginning."Herteamisnowworkingonexpandingthescopeoftheirresearchtoincludeotherenvironmentalsystems,suchasoceancurrentsandecosystems.Thesuccessofthisproject______(32)theimportanceofinterdisciplinarycollaboration,asitinvolvedscientistsfromvariousfields,includingphysics,computerscience,andenvironmentalscience.This______(33)aneweraofresearch,wherequantumcomputingwillplayacentralroleinsolvingsomeoftheworld'smostpressingchallenges.Aswelookahead,it's______(34)thatquantumcomputingwillcontinuetoevolveandunlocknewpossibilities.The______(35)isclear:quantumcomputinghasthepotentialtorevolutionizeourapproachtoclimatescienceandbeyond.21.A)conductedB)discoveredC)improvedD)developed22.A)applyingB)usingC)testingD)measuring23.A)representsB)indicatesC)suggestsD)reveals24.A)simulateB)analyzeC)solveD)understand25.A)calculateB)observeC)modelD)predict26.A)surprisingB)disappointingC)confusingD)irrelevant27.A)changesB)altersC)revolutionizesD)maintains28.A)hasbeenB)hadbeenC)willbeD)wouldbe29.A)stillB)yetC)alreadyD)ever30.A)obstaclesB)advancementsC)discoveriesD)successes31.A)notesB)mentionsC)emphasizesD)ignores32.A)highlightsB)demonstratesC)suggestsD)concludes33.A)marksB)definesC)indicatesD)proves34.A)certainB)possibleC)likelyD)uncertain35.A)futureB)goalC)challengeD)promise三、閱讀理解（本部分共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）要求：閱讀下面的短文，然后回答問題。短文后設(shè)有一項任務(wù)，要求你根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容為每項任務(wù)從四個選項中選出能完成該任務(wù)的最好的一項。Quantumcomputingrepresentsaparadigmshiftfromclassicalcomputing,leveragingtheprinciplesofquantummechanicstoperformcomputations.Unlikeclassicalbits,whichcanbeeither0or1,quantumbitsorqubitscanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneouslyduetosuperposition.Thispropertyallowsquantumcomputerstoprocessavastamountofinformationatonce,potentiallysolvingproblemsthatareintractableforclassicalcomputers.Oneofthemostpromisingapplicationsofquantumcomputingisincryptography.Quantumcryptography,alsoknownasquantumkeydistribution(QKD),usesquantummechanicstoensuresecurecommunication.Unlikeclassicalcryptographicmethods,whichrelyoncomplexmathematicalalgorithms,quantumcryptographyleveragestheuncertaintyprincipleandquantumentanglementtocreatekeysthataretheoreticallyunbreakable.Ifaneavesdroppertriestointerceptthekey,thequantumstateofthesystemwouldbedisturbed,alertingthecommunicatingpartiestothepresenceofanintruder.Anothersignificantapplicationisindrugdiscoveryandmaterialsscience.Quantumcomputerscansimulatemolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel,whichisbeyondthecapabilitiesofclassicalcomputers.Thiscapabilitycouldrevolutionizethedevelopmentofnewdrugsandmaterialsbyallowingresearcherstomodelcomplexchemicalprocesseswithgreateraccuracy.Forinstance,quantumcomputingcouldhelpindesigningmoreeffectivepharmaceuticalsbypredictinghowdifferentmoleculeswillinteract.However,quantumcomputingisstillinitsearlystages,andseveralchallengesneedtobeaddressed.Onemajorobstacleisqubitdecoherence,wherequbitslosetheirquantumstateduetoenvironmentalinterference.Anotherchallengeisthedevelopmentoferrorcorrectiontechniquestomaintainthestabilityofquantumcomputations.Despitethesehurdles,progressinquantumhardwareandsoftwareisaccelerating,bringingusclosertopracticalquantumapplications.Task:Choosethebestanswerforeachquestionbasedonthepassage.36.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenquantumbitsandclassicalbits?A)Quantumbitscanonlyexistinasinglestate.B)Quantumbitscanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.C)Quantumbitsareslowerthanclassicalbits.D)Quantumbitsarelargerthanclassicalbits.37.Howdoesquantumcryptographyensuresecurecommunication?A)Byusingcomplexmathematicalalgorithms.B)Byleveragingtheuncertaintyprincipleandquantumentanglement.C)Byencryptingmessageswithquantumkeys.D)Bypreventingeavesdroppersfrominterceptingmessages.38.Whatpotentialbenefitdoesquantumcomputingofferindrugdiscovery?A)Itcanpredicttheweathermoreaccurately.B)Itcansimulatemolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel.C)Itcandevelopnewtypesofelectronicdevices.D)Itcanoptimizesupplychainlogistics.39.Whatisoneofthemajorchallengesinquantumcomputing?A)Quantumcomputersaretooexpensivetobuild.B)Qubitdecoherence.C)Quantumcryptographyistoocomplex.D)Classicalcomputersaremoreefficient.40.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofquantumcomputing?A)Itwillremaininitsearlystagesformanyyears.B)Itwillsoonbecomemainstreaminvariousindustries.C)Itwillbelimitedtotheoreticalresearchonly.D)Itwillreplaceclassicalcomputingentirely.四、翻譯（本部分共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）要求：將下列英文句子翻譯成中文。41.Quantumentanglementisaphenomenonwheretwoqubitsremainconnectedregardlessofthedistancebetweenthem.42.Theintegrationofquantumcomputingwithartificialintelligencecouldleadtorapidadvancementsinmachinelearning.43.Quantumsimulationallowsresearcherstomodelcomplexquantumsystemsthataredifficulttostudyexperimentally.44.Quantumerrorcorrectionisessentialformaintainingthestabilityofquantumcomputations.45.Quantumcomputinghasthepotentialtorevolutionizefieldssuchasdrugdiscoveryandcryptography.五、寫作（本部分共1小題，滿分10分）要求：根據(jù)所給提示，寫一篇150-200字的短文。Prompt:Imagineyouarearesearcherworkingonquantumcomputing.Writeashortessaydescribingarecentbreakthroughinyourfieldanditspotentialimpactonsociety.Inrecentyears,quantumcomputinghasmadesignificantstrides,andoneofthemostnotablebreakthroughsisthedevelopmentofaquantumcomputerwith127qubits.Thisadvancementhasopenednewdoorsforsolvingcomplexproblemsthatwerepreviouslybeyondthereachofclassicalcomputers.Thepotentialimpactofthisbreakthroughonsocietyisimmense.Forinstance,inhealthcare,quantumcomputingcouldacceleratethediscoveryofnewdrugsbysimulatingmolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel.Infinance,itcouldoptimizealgorithmsforbetterriskmanagement.Moreover,inenvironmentalscience,itcouldhelpmodelclimatechangemoreaccurately,leadingtomoreeffectivepolicies.Aswecontinuetopushtheboundariesofquantumcomputing,thepossibilitiesareendless,andthebenefitstosocietyarevast.本次試卷答案如下一、單項選擇1.A)encouraged解析：量子計算的發(fā)展迅速，這激勵了科學(xué)家和研究人員去探索新的可能性。encouraged（鼓勵）符合句意。2.A)enhances解析：量子計算機使用量子比特而不是經(jīng)典比特，這增強了它們執(zhí)行復(fù)雜計算的能力。enhances（增強）符合句意。3.A)benefits解析：量子計算的一個主要好處是它有可能解決經(jīng)典計算機無法處理的優(yōu)化問題。benefits（好處）符合句意。4.A)conducted解析：在2023年，谷歌量子人工智能進行了一項量子霸權(quán)實驗，展示了它的量子計算機可以在200秒內(nèi)解決一個特定的問題，而最先進的經(jīng)典超級計算機需要10,000年。conducted（進行）符合句意。5.B)supports解析：量子糾纏，一種現(xiàn)象，其中兩個量子比特?zé)o論彼此距離多遠都保持連接，支持許多量子算法的基礎(chǔ)。supports（支持）符合句意。6.A)developed解析：IBM的研究人員開發(fā)了一臺具有127量子比特的量子計算機，這被認為是邁向?qū)嵱昧孔討?yīng)用的重要一步。developed（開發(fā)）符合句意。7.C)complex解析：量子計算領(lǐng)域高度跨學(xué)科，需要物理學(xué)、計算機科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)的知識。complex（復(fù)雜）符合句意。8.A)secure解析：量子密碼學(xué)旨在創(chuàng)建理論上無法破解的通信系統(tǒng)，利用量子力學(xué)的原理。secure（安全）符合句意。9.B)challenge解析：量子計算的一個主要挑戰(zhàn)是量子比特退相干問題，這會破壞量子計算。challenge（挑戰(zhàn)）符合句意。10.A)improve解析：量子機器學(xué)習(xí)將量子計算與機器學(xué)習(xí)算法相結(jié)合，以提高計算效率和準確性。improve（提高）符合句意。11.D)questioned解析：理論物理學(xué)家理查德·費曼曾經(jīng)質(zhì)疑“如果你認為自己理解了量子力學(xué)，你就沒有理解量子力學(xué)”，強調(diào)了它的復(fù)雜性。questioned（質(zhì)疑）符合句意。12.A)enables解析：量子模擬使研究人員能夠模擬量子系統(tǒng)，這些系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜而無法進行實驗研究，為材料科學(xué)和化學(xué)提供了見解。enables（使能夠）符合句意。13.A)protect解析：量子糾錯是一項關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，有助于保護量子比特免受錯誤的影響，而不會崩潰量子狀態(tài)。protect（保護）符合句意。14.B)gradual解析：從理論研究到實用量子計算應(yīng)用需要硬件和軟件的重大進步。gradual（逐漸的）符合句意。15.A)simulating解析：量子計算有可能通過在原子水平上模擬復(fù)雜的分子相互作用來改變藥物發(fā)現(xiàn)領(lǐng)域。simulating（模擬）符合句意。16.C)allows解析：微軟的量子開發(fā)工具包（QDK）允許開發(fā)者實驗量子算法和應(yīng)用。allows（允許）符合句意。17.B)capability解析：量子優(yōu)越性的概念是指量子計算機能夠執(zhí)行經(jīng)典計算機無法完成的任務(wù)。capability（能力）符合句意。18.A)improve解析：量子計算可以通過比經(jīng)典方法更有效地解決復(fù)雜的物流問題來優(yōu)化供應(yīng)鏈。improve（改進）符合句意。19.A)rapid解析：量子計算與人工智能的集成可能會導(dǎo)致機器學(xué)習(xí)和數(shù)據(jù)分析的快速發(fā)展。rapid（快速的）符合句意。20.C)obstacles解析：量子計算仍處于早期階段，有許多障礙和挑戰(zhàn)需要克服才能實現(xiàn)廣泛的應(yīng)用。obstacles（障礙）符合句意。二、完形填空21.A)conducted解析：去年，斯坦福大學(xué)的一組研究人員進行了一項開創(chuàng)性的實驗，展示了量子計算在氣候科學(xué)中的潛力。conducted（進行）符合句意。22.B)using解析：該實驗使用量子計算機對地球大氣層進行建模，具有前所未有的準確性，提供了對氣候變化的新的見解。using（使用）符合句意。23.A)represents解析：這一突破代表了該領(lǐng)域的一個重大里程碑，因為它顯示了量子計算如何比經(jīng)典計算機更有效地處理復(fù)雜的環(huán)境系統(tǒng)。represents（代表）符合句意。24.A)simulate解析：研究人員使用名為變分量子本征求解器（VQE）的量子算法來模擬大氣粒子與太陽輻射的相互作用。simulate（模擬）符合句意。25.C)model解析：量子計算機可以模擬分子間的相互作用，這是經(jīng)典計算機無法做到的。model（模擬）符合句意。26.A)surprising解析：結(jié)果表明令人驚訝，揭示了以前難以用傳統(tǒng)方法檢測的模式。surprising（令人驚訝的）符合句意。27.C)revolutionizes解析：這一突破改變了我們進行氣候建模的方式，因為它允許更詳細和準確的預(yù)測。revolutionizes（使革命化）符合句意。28.A)hasbeen解析：通往這個成功的道路并不容易。hasbeen（一直是）符合句意。29.B)yet解析：盡管已經(jīng)取得了進展，量子計算仍然面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)。yet（然而）符合句意。30.A)obstacles解析：盡管存在障礙，量子計算在應(yīng)對氣候變化方面的潛在益處是巨大的。obstacles（障礙）符合句意。31.C)emphasizes解析：愛德華·卡特教授，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項研究的教授，強調(diào)“量子計算有力量改變我們對地球氣候的理解，而這才只是開始?！眅mphasizes（強調(diào)）符合句意。32.A)highlights解析：該項目的成功突出了跨學(xué)科合作的重要性，因為該項目涉及來自物理學(xué)、計算機科學(xué)和環(huán)境科學(xué)等各個領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家。highlights（突出）符合句意。33.A)marks解析：這標志著研究的新紀元，在這個時代，量子計算將發(fā)揮核心作用，解決世界上一些最緊迫的挑戰(zhàn)。marks（標志）符合句意。34.A)certain解析：可以肯定的是，量子計算將繼續(xù)發(fā)展和解鎖新的可能性。certain（肯定的）符合句意。35.D)promise解析：前景是明確的：量子計算有潛力徹底改變我們的氣候科學(xué)方法及更廣闊的領(lǐng)域。promise（承諾）符合句意。三、閱讀理解36.B)Quantumbitscanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.解析：量子比特和經(jīng)典比特的主要區(qū)別在于量子比特可以同時存在于多個狀態(tài)。B選項符合句意。37.B)Byleveragingtheuncertaintyprincipleandquantumentanglement.解析：量子密碼學(xué)通過利用不確定性