第二部分語法專題講析專題十一并列句和狀語從句考點一

并列句1.

常見的并列連詞①Irene

said，“I

don’t

see

any

reason

to

give

up

work…I

work

not

because

I

have

to，but

because

I

want

to.”艾琳說：“我沒有理由放棄工作，我工作不是因為我必須，

而是因為我想”。②He

is

a

shy

man，but/yet

he

is

not

afraid

of

anything

or

anyone.他是一個害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事，也不害怕任何人。③Some

animals

carry

seeds

from

one

place

to

another，so

plants

can

spread

to

new

places.一些動物將種子從一個地方帶到另外一個地方，因此植物可

以傳播到新的地方。④I

was

glad

to

meet

Jenny

again，but

I

didn’t

want

to

spend

all

day

with

her.很高興又見到詹妮了，但是我不想花一整天的時間和她在

一起。考點總結表并列、遞進或

順承關系and,both...and...,neither...nor,notonly...but(also)...等表轉折、對比關系but,however,yet(然而),while(然而)等表選擇關系either...or...,or等表因果關系so,for(一般不放在句首)等2.

特殊的并列連詞①Tom

was

about

to

close

the

window

when

his

attention

was

caught

by

a

bird.湯姆正要關窗戶，這時他的注意力被一只鳥吸引住了。②One

Friday，

we

were

packing

to

leave

for

a

weekend

away

when

my

daughter

heard

cries

for

help.周五，我們正在收拾行李準備外出度周末，這時我的女兒聽

到了求救的呼喊。③He

had

just

finished

his

homework

when

his

mother

asked

him

to

play

the

piano.他剛完成作業(yè)母親就讓他彈鋼琴?？键c總結when可用作并列連詞，意為“這時，那時”，相當于and

at

this/that

time。常用于下列句式：（1）be

going

to

do

sth.

when...“正要做某事，這時（突

然）……”；（2）be

about

to

do

sth.

when...“正要做某事，這時（突

然）……”；（3）be

on

the

point

of

doing

sth.

when...“正要做某事，這

時（突然）……”；（4）be

dong

sth.

when...“正在做某事，這時（突

然）……”（5）had

just

done

sth.

when...“剛做了某事，這時（突

然……）”注：以上句型中的be通常是過去時。3.

祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句句式①Find

ways

to

praise

your

children

often，and

you’ll

find

they

will

open

their

hearts

to

you.＝If

you

find

ways

to

praise

your

children

often

you’ll

find

they

will

open

their

hearts

to

you.找方法經常表揚你的孩子，你就會發(fā)現他們會向你敞開心

扉。②Hurry

up，

or

we

will

be

late.＝If

you

don’t

hurry

up，we

will

be

late.快點兒，否則我們就遲到了。③A

few

more

efforts

and

you

will

succeed.＝If

you

make

a

few

more

efforts，you

will

succeed.再努力些，你會成功的?？键c總結

1.

祈使句＋and＋陳述句＝If…＋主句。2.

祈使句＋or＋陳述句＝If…not…＋主句?？键c三

時間狀語從句1.

when，while，as①When

he

knocked

at

the

door，I

was

working

at

the

table.他敲門時我正在桌子旁邊工作。②I

want

the

girls

to

experience

that

while

they

are

young.我希望那些女孩們趁著年輕的時候去體驗一下那樣的生活。③As

speech

develops，the

child

starts

to

string

more

words

together.隨著語言能力不斷發(fā)展，孩子開始把更多的詞連起來說。④When/While/As

I

was

walking

down

the

street，I

came

across

an

old

friend

of

mine.當我沿大街行走時，碰巧遇到了我的一個老朋友?？键c總結

1.

when既可引導一個持續(xù)動作，也可引導一個短暫動

作，可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或先后發(fā)生。2.

從屬連詞while引導的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側重主

句動作和從句動作同時發(fā)生。3.

從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個動作相伴發(fā)生，

可譯為“一邊……，（一邊……）”或“隨著……”。4.

如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞

的進行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內正在進行的動作，此時when，

while與as可互換使用。2.

表示“剛……就……，一……就……”的常用表達①The

moment

I

heard

the

voice，I

knew

Father

was

coming.我一聽到那個聲音就知道父親來了。②My

mom

didn’t

wait

a

moment，but

came

immediately

she

received

my

call.我媽媽未等片刻，而是一接到我的電話就趕來了。③He

had

no

sooner

finished

his

speech

than

the

students

started

cheering.＝No

sooner

had

he

finished

his

speech

than

the

students

started

cheering.他剛完成演講學生們就開始歡呼起來。④I

had

hardly

got

to

the

office

when

my

wife

phoned

me

to

go

back

home

at

once.＝Hardly

had

I

got

to

the

office

when

my

wife

phoned

me

to

go

back

home

at

once.剛到辦公室，我妻子就打電話讓我立刻回家?？键c總結

1.

as

soon

as，immediately，directly，instantly，the

moment，the

minute，the

instant，no

sooner…than…，

hardly/scarcely…when…和once（一……就……）上述從屬連

詞引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就

發(fā)生，常譯為“一……就……”。2.

no

sooner…than…，hardly/scarcely…when…的時態(tài)搭

配：no

sooner與hardly/scarcely后的句子謂語動詞應用過去完

成時，而than與when引導的句子謂語動詞應用一般過去時。

此外，當把no

sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時，主句應用

倒裝語序。3.

before與since①We

need

to

get

to

the

root

of

the

problem

before

we

can

solve

it.在能夠解決這個問題之前，我們需要找到它的根源所在。②If

you

miss

this

chance，it

may

be

years

before

you

get

another

one.如果你錯過了這次機會的話，那可能要等到多年之后你才能

再次獲得機會。③As

is

reported，it

is

111

years

since

Tsinghua

University

was

founded.據報道，自從清華大學成立已經有111年了?？键c總結

1.

before表示“還未……就……；不到……

就……；……才……；趁……；還沒來得及……就……；

在……之前”。常用句式如下：（1）It

will

be＋一段時間＋before…“多久之后才……”。（2）It

won’t

be

long

before…“不久之后就……”。（3）It

was＋一段時間＋before…“過了多久才……”。2.

since表示“自從……以來”。常用句式：It

is/has

been＋一段時間＋since…（從句用一般過去時）“自從……

多久了”。4.

表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表達①You

don’t

have

to

go

running

upstairs

every

time

she

rings.用不著她一來電話你就往樓上跑。②Next

time

you

go

shopping，buy

a

few

extra

fruits

and

vegetables.下次你去買東西，多買點水果蔬菜。③The

last

time

we

moved

house

there

were

very

few

breakages.我們上次搬家時幾乎沒有什么物品破損?？键c總結

every

time，each

time，next

time，the

last

time，any

time

等名詞短語用來引導時間狀語從句，表示“每當……；每

次……；下次……”等。5.

till，until和not…until①Have

you

heard

the

meeting

will

be

put

off

till/until

next

Tuesday？這個會議將被推遲到下周二，你有沒有聽說？②I

won’t

tell

the

student

the

answer

to

the

math

problem

until

he

has

been

working

on

it

for

half

an

hour.直到這個學生做這道數學題用了半個小時的時間，我才會告

訴他答案?？键c總結

1.

until或till表示“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停

止”。用于肯定句時主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞；用于否

定句時主句的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞。till不可以置于句

首，而until可以。2.

not…until表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句

的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞。not

until置于句首，主句要用倒

裝結構。其強調句型為：It

is/was

not

until…that…?？键c四

地點狀語從句①Where

he

once

felt

like

giving

up，he

now

has

the

determination

to

push

further

and

keep

on

going.在他曾經想要放棄的地方，他現在有決心進一步推進并且堅

持下去了。②Where(ver)

there’s

plenty

of

sun

and

rain，the

fields

are

green.哪里陽光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就綠油油。考點總結

1.

地點狀語從句通常由連詞where和wherever引導，可置

于句首、句中或句尾。2.

地點狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味?？键c五

條件狀語從句①It

is

so

cold

that

you

can’t

go

outside

unless

fully

covered

in

thick

clothes.天氣太冷了，除非你穿上厚厚的衣服，否則你不能出去。②He

has

been

granted

his

freedom

on

condition

that

he

leaves

the

country.他已獲準恢復自由，條件是他離開這個國家。③Suppose/Supposing

(that)

they

refuse

us，who

else

can

we

turn

to

for

help？假如他們拒絕了我們，我們還可以求助誰？考點總結引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有if，unless（＝if…not除

非），so/as

long

as（只要），in

case（萬一），on

condition

that（條件是），suppose/supposing（假設，如果），

provided

that（如果）等?？键c六

讓步狀語從句①Although

regular

exercise

is

very

important，it’s

never

a

good

idea

to

exercise

too

close

to

bedtime.盡管經常鍛煉非常重要，但是在臨近就寢的時候進行鍛煉絕

不是一個好主意。②Although/Though/While

the

students

came

from

different

countries，they

got

along

quite

well

in

the

summer

camp.雖然這些學生來自不同的國家，但他們在這個夏令營中相處

得很好。③He

is

so

busy.He

cannot

afford

enough

time

with

his

son

even

if

he

wants

to.他太忙了，盡管他想陪兒子，但就是抽不出足夠的時間。④Intelligent

as

you

are，I

suspect

you

will

fail.盡管你聰明，我猜想你會失敗?？键c總結引導讓步狀語從句的連詞1.

although/though（盡管，雖然），even

though/even

if

（即使）。2.

whether…or…（不管……還是……）；疑問詞＋－

ever（不管……；無論），如whatever，whoever，

whichever，however，whenever，wherever等；no

matter＋疑

問詞（不管……；無論……）。3.

as引導讓步狀語從句時要用倒裝語序，though引導時

則可用倒裝語序或正常語序。4.

從屬連詞while也可以引導讓步狀語從句，意為“雖

然，盡管”。考點七

原因狀語從句①Since

she

was

indoors，she

had

not

been

wearing

a

coat.由于她在室內，就沒有穿外套。②Now

that

you

have

grown

up，you

must

do

it

by

yourself.既然你已經長大了，就必須自己做這件事?？键c總結引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有because，as，since（既

然），now

that，seeing

that，considering

that（考慮到）?？键c八

方式狀語從句①The

house

was

greatly

damaged

by

the

truck.We’d

better

leave

things

as

they

are

until

the

police

arrive.卡車對這座房子造成了嚴重的損壞。我們最好保持原樣直到

警察到來。②The

construction

industry

is

no

longer

as

depressed

as

it

was.建筑業(yè)不再像以往那樣蕭條了。③The

old

lady

treats

the

boy

as

if

he

were

her

own

son.這位老太太對待這個男孩就像他是她自己的兒子似的?？键c總結引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as（按照），as

if，

as

though等。方式狀語從句應放在主句之后。其中as

if或

as

though引導的從句常用虛擬語氣表示與事實相反，但如

果從句中所陳述的情況與事實相符或很可能實現，也可用

陳述語氣。考點九

結果狀語從句①He

is

such

a

learned

person

that

we

admire

him

very

much.＝He

is

so

learned

a

person

that

we

admire

him

very

much.他如此有學問，以至于我們非常贊賞他。②It

is

such

fine

weather

that

we

all

want

to

go

to

the

park.天氣如此晴朗，以至于我們都想去公園。③He

was

so

clever

a

student

that

he

was

able

to

work

out

all

the

difficult

problems.＝He

was

so

clever

a

student

as

to

be

able

to

work

out

all

the

difficult

problems.他是一名如此聰明的學生，以至于他能夠解決所有難題。

2.

當so或such所在的主句主語與結果狀語從句中的主語

一致時，還可簡化為：so/such…as

to…考點十

目的狀語從句①When

he

goes

out，he

often

wears

sunglasses

so

that/in

order

that

nobody/no

one

can

recognize

him.他出門的時候常戴著墨鏡，以便沒人能認出他。②The

boy

hid

himself

behind

the

tree

in

case/for

fear

that

his

father

should

see

him.那個男孩藏在樹后面，以防他父親看到他。③Take

your

raincoat

in

case/lest

it

should

rain.帶上雨衣以防下雨?？键c總結引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有so

that，in

order

that，

for

fear

that，in

case

（that）/lest等。1.

in

order

that，so

that兩個連詞都意為“以便……；為了……”，它們引導的

目的狀語從句中常與情態(tài)動詞連用。2.

for

fear

that，in

case

（that）/lest引導目的狀語從句時，for

fear

that表示“害怕，擔心某

事會發(fā)生”；in

case

（that）/lest表示“以防出現某種情

況”。在二者引導的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞有時也用

should/might/could＋動詞原形。

◆連詞與語法填空并列句和狀語從句中的連詞是語法填空題中?？键c之一。連

詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞，?？嫉牟⒘羞B詞有and，but，

or，so，while，when等；?？嫉膹膶龠B詞有if，

although/though，once，unless，when，where，since，

before，after，because，as等。[典題試做]在空白處填入適當的連詞。1.

we

don’t

stop

climate

change，many

animals

and

plants

in

the

world

will

be

gone.2.

you

can

sleep

well，you

will

lose

the

ability

to

focus，plan

and

stay

motivated

after

one

or

two

nights.3.

Let’s

not

pick

these

peaches

until

this

weekend

?

they

get

sweet

enough

to

be

eaten.If

Unless

so

that

4.

birds

use

their

feathers

for

flight，some

of

their

feathers

are

for

other

purposes.5.

If

you

don’t

understand

something，you

may

research，

study，and

talk

to

other

people

you

figure

it

out.Although

until

[應對策略]若設空處在兩個或兩個以上單詞或短語之間或兩句(一個主謂

關系算一個句子)之間，并且中間沒有連詞、分號或句號，則

一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞?！魰姹磉_中并列句與狀語從句易錯點聚焦(一)在書面表達中往往缺乏并列句意識，主要存在以下兩個

方面的傾向：1.

機械排列簡單句I

believe

I

am

fit

for

it.I’m

writing

to

apply

for

the

position.如果我們把意義相關的這兩個句子用適當的連詞連接起來，

可得到下面的句子：I

believe

I

am

fit

for

it，so

I’m

writing

to

apply

for

the

position.比較一下，同學們是不是感覺后者要優(yōu)于前者呢？并列連詞

的應用可增強句子之間的邏輯性和美感，使句子之間顯得更

加緊湊。2.

逗號連接兩個簡單句I’m

enthusiastic

and

easy-going，I’m

easy

to

get

along

with

and

can

cooperate

well

with

others.在該句中含有兩個簡單句，中間用逗號起了連接作用，顯然

這是不符合英語語法規(guī)則的。我們不妨做如下改動：I’m

enthusiastic

and

easy-going，so

I’m

easy

to

get

along

with

and

can

cooperate

well

with

others.(二)對于狀語從句，在實際運用中主要存在以下問題：1.

從句意識缺乏The

Expo

is

very

attractive.

We

are

all

eager

to

pay

a

visit

to

it.The

Expo

is

so

attractive

that

we

are

all

eager

to

pay

a

visit

to

it.通過比較不難發(fā)現，后句比前句更加緊湊且邏輯性強，增強

了交際效果。2.

狀語從句成分殘缺(誤)

Please

close

the

doors

and

windows

before

leave

the

classroom.(正)

Please

close

the

doors

and

windows

before

you

leave

the

classroom.由于受漢語的干擾，第一句中狀語從句中漏掉了主語。3.

連接詞誤用(誤)

Teachers

and

parents

should

respect

us

no

matter

we

are

in

or

outside

school.(正)

Teachers

and

parents

should

respect

us

whether

we

are

in

or

outside

school.盡管兩句從漢語角度來看意思相同，但是從語法角度no

matter一般后跟特殊疑問詞，而whether可直接引導狀語從

句。(誤)

Though

he

is

considered

a

great

writer，but

his

works

are

not

widely

read.(正)

Though

he

is

considered

a

great

writer，his

works

are

not

widely

read.在讓步狀語從句中，though和although不能與but連用。

Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.

[2023·新課標Ⅱ卷]It’s

been

an

honor

to

watch

the

panda

programme

develop

to

see

the

pandas

settle

into

their

new

home.2.

[2023·全國乙卷]It

is

a

distinct

visual

contrast(反差)

that

shouldn’t

work，

somehow

these

two

very

different

worlds

make

a

good

combination.and

but/yet

3.

[2023·浙江卷]During

China’s

dynastic

period，emperors

planned

the

city

of

Beijing

arranged

the

residential

areas

according

to

social

classes.4.

[2024·浙江一模]The

virtuous(有德行的)man

cherishes

a

respect

for

the

law，

the

evil

man

cherishes

generous

treatment.5.

[2024·山東一模]

If

you’re

planning

on

visiting

Yading，

bear

in

mind

that

it’s

a

remote

location

the

accommodation

options

are

limitedand

while

and

Ⅱ.語法填空My

mother

was

cooking

in

the

kitchen

1.

I

was

doing

my

school

assignments.No

sooner

had

I

finished

my

homework

2.

the

door

bell

rang.However，my

sister

unlocked

the

door

3.

I

could

open

it.We