2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解詞匯記憶與復習方法試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIVocabularyDirections:Thereare10sentencesbelow.Eachsentencehasonewordorphraseunderlined.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart.1.Thecompany'sdecisionto__________itsmainfactorytoasmallercitycausedwidespreadconcernamongtheemployees.a)transferb)demolishc)renovated)establish2.Despitehisinitial__________,heeventuallywonthesupportofthecommittee.a)indifferenceb)reservationc)hostilityd)enthusiasm3.Thescientist's__________researchonthenewvirushasshedlightonitspotentialdangers.a)exhaustiveb)superficialc)preliminaryd)speculative4.Itisessentialtomaintaina__________diet,richinfruits,vegetables,andwholegrains.a)balancedb)limitedc)diversed)excessive5.Thenovel's__________narrativestructure,featuringmultipleperspectives,fascinatedthereaders.a)linearb)fragmentedc)complexd)straightforward6.Theathlete's__________performanceinthefinalmatchexceededeveryone'sexpectations.a)mediocreb)impressivec)underwhelmingd)inconsistent7.Thegovernmentimplementedaseriesof__________measurestostimulateeconomicgrowth.a)restrictiveb)proactivec)reactived)conservative8.Her__________knowledgeofthesubjectmadeheraninvaluableassettotheresearchteam.a)encyclopedicb)superficialc)limitedd)specialized9.Theoldbuilding,__________foroveracentury,wasdeclaredahistoricallandmark.a)standingb)deterioratingc)constructingd)occupying10.Thepolitician's__________attempttodeflectblamebackfiredandonlyfueledpublicanger.PartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare2passagesbelow.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedaglobaldebateaboutitsethicalimplications.ProponentsarguethatAIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizevariousindustries,fromhealthcaretotransportation,byautomatingtasks,improvingefficiency,andenablingnewinnovations.However,criticsraiseconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofjobs,theexacerbationofsocialinequalities,andtheriskofAIsystemsbeingusedformaliciouspurposes.Oneofthemostsignificantethicalchallengesistheissueofbias.AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdataisbiased,theAIwillinevitablyinheritandpotentiallyamplifythesebiases.ThishasledtoconcernsaboutAIperpetuatingdiscriminationinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.AnothermajorconcernisthelackoftransparencyinhowAIsystemsmakedecisions.Thesesystemsareoftenseenas"blackboxes,"withtheirdecision-makingprocessesbeingopaqueanddifficulttounderstand.ThislackoftransparencyraisesquestionsaboutaccountabilityandtheabilitytochallengeAI-drivendecisions.AsAIcontinuestoevolve,itiscrucialthatpolicymakers,researchers,andthepublicengageinaconstructivedialoguetoaddresstheseethicalchallengesandensurethatAIisdevelopedanddeployedinaresponsibleandbeneficialmanner.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.WhatistheprimaryargumentoftheproponentsofAI?3.Accordingtothecritics,whataresomeofthepotentialnegativeconsequencesofAI?4.WhatisthemainconcernregardingbiasinAIsystems?5.Whatdoestheterm"blackbox"refertointhecontextofthepassage?Passage2Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsastheworldgrappleswiththeconsequencesofclimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradation.Sustainabilityreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisinvolvesaddressingenvironmental,social,andeconomicissuesinaholisticmanner.Oneofthekeyaspectsofsustainabilityisthepromotionofrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,toreducerelianceonfossilfuelsandmitigateclimatechange.Additionally,sustainablepracticesinagriculture,forestry,andfishingarecrucialforpreservingecosystemsandensuringthelong-termviabilityoftheseresources.Thesocialdimensionofsustainabilityemphasizestheimportanceofsocialequity,inclusivity,andcommunitywell-being.Thisincludesaccesstoqualityeducation,healthcare,andhousing,aswellasopportunitiesforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment.Economicsustainabilityfocusesoncreatingaprosperousandstableeconomythatdoesnotdepletenaturalresourcesorharmtheenvironment.Thiscanbeachievedthroughpracticessuchascirculareconomy,whereresourcesarereusedandrecycled,andgreenbusinessesthatprioritizeenvironmentalresponsibility.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresacollectiveeffortfromindividuals,businesses,andgovernments.Itinvolveschangingourconsumptionpatterns,adoptingmoresustainablepractices,andmakinginformedchoicesthatcontributetoahealthierplanetandamoreequitablesociety.6.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassage?7.Whataresomeexamplesofsustainablepracticesmentionedinthepassage?8.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesthesocialdimensionofsustainabilityemphasize?9.Whatistheconceptofcirculareconomyasdescribedinthepassage?10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisnecessaryforachievingsustainability?PartIIIApplicationofVocabularyMemoryMethodsDirections:Belowaredescriptionsofdifferentvocabularylearningscenarios.Brieflyexplainwhichvocabularymemorymethod(s)youwoulduseineachscenarioandwhy.1.Youneedtomemorizealistoftechnicaltermsrelatedtocomputerscienceforanupcomingexam.Thesetermsarequitelongandhavecomplexpronunciations.2.YouwanttoimproveyourvocabularybyreadingEnglishnovels,butyouoftencomeacrossunfamiliarwordsandfinditdifficulttorememberthem.3.Youaretryingtolearnvocabularyinthecontextofspecificfields,suchasmedicineorlaw,andyouwanttobuildaspecializedvocabulary.PartIVVocabularyReviewDirections:Belowaresomevocabularywordsthatwerediscussedinthepassages.Brieflyexplainthemeaningofeachwordinthecontextofthepassagewhereitappeared.1.revolutionize(Passage1)2.exacerbate(Passage1)3.perpetuate(Passage1)4.holistic(Passage2)5.mitigate(Passage2)6.inclusivity(Passage2)7.deplete(Passage2)8.deplete(Passage2)9.circulareconomy(Passage2)10.equitable(Passage2)試卷答案PartIVocabulary1.a2.b3.a4.a5.c6.b7.b8.a9.a10.cPartIIReadingComprehensionPassage11.Theethicalimplicationsofartificialintelligence.2.AIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizevariousindustriesbyautomatingtasks,improvingefficiency,andenablingnewinnovations.3.Potentialjobdisplacement,exacerbationofsocialinequalities,andtheriskofAIbeingusedformaliciouspurposes.4.AIsystemsinheritandpotentiallyamplifybiasespresentinthedatatheyaretrainedon,leadingtodiscrimination.5.AIsystemswhosedecision-makingprocessesareopaqueanddifficulttounderstand.Passage26.Theconceptofsustainabilityanditsimportanceinaddressingenvironmental,social,andeconomicissues.7.Renewableenergysources(solarandwindpower),sustainablepracticesinagriculture,forestry,andfishing,circulareconomy,greenbusinesses.8.Socialequity,inclusivity,andcommunitywell-being.9.Asystemwhereresourcesarereusedandrecycledtocreateaprosperousandstableeconomythatdoesnotdepletenaturalresources.10.Acollectiveeffortfromindividuals,businesses,andgovernmentsisnecessarytoachievesustainability.PartIIIApplicationofVocabularyMemoryMethods1.Wordrootsandwordformationwouldbeeffectiveformemorizingtechnicalterms,astheyallowforthebreakingdownofcomplexwordsintosmaller,moremanageableunitsandtheidentificationofsharedcomponents.2.Contextuallearningandassociationwouldbehelpfulforrememberingunfamiliarwordsencounteredwhilereadingnovels.Byunderstandingthecontextinwhichawordisused,onecaninferitsmeaningandcreatementalassociationsthataidinrecall.3.Classificationandthematicgroupingwouldbesuitableforlearningspecializedvocabularyinfieldslikemedicineorlaw.Byorganizingwordsintorelevantcategoriesorthemes,itbecomeseasiertorememberandretrievethemwhenneeded.PartIVVocabularyReview1.InPassage1,"revolutionize"referstothetransformativeimpactAIcanhaveonvariousindustries,indicatingaradicalchangeorimprovement.2.InPassa