EXPLORINGEXTENSION,RENOVATION,REDEVOLPMENT

&TRANSFORMATIONAROSSTHEGLOBE

Whatif

thepast←

transforms

→thefuture?

WHITEPAPER

18SEPTEMBERPLEIN

Eindhoven,Netherlands,2014-2020.Photo?Evabloem

(ABSTRACT)

Thebuiltenvironmentisnotworkingtoitsfullpotential.Ouroffices,

homes,malls,theatres,andpublicspacesareallaging;ournewbuilds

areacceleratingglobalcarbonemissions;andourcitiesarelosingtheir

localheritage.Architectsanddesignersareinapositiontohelplead

thechargeonaddressingtheenvironmental,social,andeconomic

challengesposedbytheexistingbuiltenvironmentthroughthoughtful

extension,renovation,redevelopment,andtransformation.

Yettransformationalsoextendsbeyondtheexistingbuildingstock,

openingupopportunitiestoexplorehowarchitectsanddesignerscan

influencelargersocietalchallenges.Byencouragingdeveloperstoadopt

moresustainablepractices,prioritisingtheneedsofusers,andshaping

howpeopleengagewithpublicspaces,designhasthepotentialtoimpact

notonlythesuccessofindividualdevelopmentsbutalsotodrivecultural

andbehaviouralchange.Throughabalanceoflearningfromthepastand

envisioningthefuture,thereisachancetocreatespacesthatarenotonly

functionalbutalsosustainable,resilient,andrichinculturalsignificance.

Itisequallyimportanttofocusonpost-occupancyperformanceandlong-

termeconomicviability.Doingso,ensuresthedeliveryofprojectsthat

providelastingvalueforclientsandcommunities.

CONTENTS

7

11

21

25

33

39

41

6

3

Introduction

Europe

NorthAmerica

Asia

MiddleEast

Conclusions

CaseStudies

FootnotesandReferences

uns

CASESTUDIES

4

1

Fellenoord15

43

HanwhaH.Q.

4

5

P.C.Hooftstraat

47

FOURFrankfurt

49

18TMansion

5

1

TheBridge

53

Chamartín-ClaraCampoamorStation

55

ExpoCityDubai

5

7

SeoulONE

59

Schwanthalerstrasse

6

1

BloorStreet

7WHATIFTHEPASTTRANSFORMSTHEFUTURE?Uns

FELLENOORD15

Eindhoven,Netherlands,2017-2022.

Photo?Evabloem

→INTRODUCTION

8

→INTRODUCTION

Theadage“themostsustainablebuildingistheonethatalready

exists”laysbareauniquetensionwithinthearchitectureanddesignsectors.

Thoseinthebusinessofenvisioningthebuilt

environmentneedtoaskthemselveshowtheycandesignnewprojectswiththehealthoftheplanetinmind.However,theymustequallyensurethatour

buildingsandcitiesarehealthyforpeopletoo.Butwhatdowedowiththeurbanfabricthatwealreadyhave?Andhowdoweprepareitforthefuture?

Itiswellknownthatthebuildingandconstructionindustriesareresponsibleforaround40%ofglobalrawmaterialconsumptionandnearly40%ofenergy-relatedCO2emissions.Retrofittingexistingbuildings,ratherthanconstructingnewones,hasthepotentialtocuttotalcarbonemissionsby50%to75%,

accordingtoMcKinsey.1ToalignwiththeIEA’snet-zerotargetsfor2050,regionssuchasAsia-Pacific,Europe,andNorthAmericawillneedtoretrofit

approximately3%oftheirbuildingstockannually

by2030.Similarly,LatinAmerica,theMiddleEast,andAfricaareprojectedtorequireretrofittingratesof2.3%eachby2030,equatingtoroughly4millionand7millionbuildings,respectively.2

Onthewhole,today’sarchitectureanddesignfirmsrecognisetheirresponsibilitytocreate

spacesthatalignwithglobalsustainabilitygoals.

Byembracingsuchpractices,theyshouldaimto

inspireandleadbyexample,fosteringamindset

shifttowardshigh-performance,holisticand

environmentallyconsciousextensions,renovations,

redevelopments,andtransformations.Itisalsocrucialforarchitectsanddesignerstoacknowledgethe

pressingchallengesofourtime,includingthegrowinghousingshortage.Globally,andparticularlyinEurope,thisissuepresentsasignificantchallenge,yetthe

solutionoftenlieswithinourexistingbuildingstock.

Throughthoughtfulextensions,verticaladditions,andadaptivereuse,wecanmeetdemandwhileminimisingenvironmentalimpact.

>3.9

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Projectglobalretrofitmarketsize(2022-2050)to

meetEIAnet-zerotargets,in$trillion---COMPOUNDANNUALGROWTHRATE(CAGR)

3.4

、8%

2.9

0.5

0.2

20222024203020402050

Source:McKinseyanalysis

Top5themeswhichwilldriverealestateinvestmentdecisionsandstrategicplanning

Changingcustomerdemands/preferences

Corporatefinancialhealth/profitability

3ESG

Demographicshifts

5Housingaffordability

Source:EmergingTrendsEuropesurvey2025

9WHATIFTHEPASTTRANSFORMSTHEFUTURE?Uns

Aestheticsalsoplayacriticalroleinthetransformationofthebuiltenvironment,requiringacarefulapproachthat

reservesthehistoricalvalueof

existingstructureswhileincorporatingforward-lookingdesignsolutions.

Whilesustainabilitysitsatthefore,itisessentialtorecognisethatourcurrentbuildingstockalsoholds

anhistorical-and,often,emotional-significance

withinourcitiesandcountries.Governmentsare

lookingtomaintaintheessenceoficonicplaces,whileupdatingbuildingstostayontrackwithsustainabilityqualifications,withmanyaimingtoreachcarbon

neutralityby2050.Theseareparameterswithin

whicharchitectureanddesignstudiosneedtoexplorenewrealmsofpossibilities.

Aestheticsalsoplayacriticalroleinthe

transformationofthebuiltenvironment,requiringacarefulapproachthatpreservesthehistoricalvalueofexistingstructureswhileincorporatingforward-

lookingdesignsolutions.Balancingheritagewith

contemporaryneedsensuresthecreationofspacesthatarevisuallycohesive,culturallysignificant,andcapableofadaptingtochangingrequirementsandfuturedemands.

Inaddition,inthispaper,whenlookingatlocationswheretheageandconditionofexistingbuilding

stockisnotthechallenge,wewillincludeexamples

ofthetransformativemeasureswehavedeveloped

todesignequallysustainableandresilienturban

environments.Here,transformationtakesonanother,equallyimportantandnecessarydefinition.Research,innovationandtechnologyshouldbeharnessedto

explorehowtotransformthepublic’sexperience

ofaplace.Weneedtoexploredifferentwaysto

investigatehowusersinteractwithpublicspace,not

onlysothatwecandesignthebestenvironments

possible,butalsotonudgebehavioursandencourageourclientsandenduserstomakemorehealthyand

sustainablechoices.

Throughoutthispaper,wewillbedistinguishingbetweenextensions,renovations,redevelopments,

andtransformations.Whilemostofthebelowcase

studiesrevisitspacesthatalreadyexist,theyeach

requireadifferentapproachduringthedesign

process.Thesealldifferinscope,purpose,structuralchanges,sustainability,culturalandhistoricalvalue.

Extensionsthoughtfullyexpandspaces,balancing

preservationwithinnovationtomeetmodern

demands.Renovationsencompassawiderangeof

interventions,fromrestoringabuilding’saesthetics

toupgradingitsfunctionalproperties,ensuring

spacesremainrelevantandefficient.Redevelopmentrevitalisesoutdatedspaces,executingchanges

efficientlywithoutcompromisingquality,andadaptingthemtomeettoday’sneedswhileremainingflexible

forthefuture.Transformationgoesbeyondthese

processes,embracingregenerativedesignand

changesinbuildingfunctiontoactivelyrestore

theenvironmentandenhanceurbanqualityand

communitywellbeing,creatingsustainableand

resilientspacesthatpositivelyimpactbothpeopleandtheplanet.

Thepaperwillalsoexaminehowour

multidisciplinaryteamsatUNSareimplementing

designideaswithintherealmsofextension,renovation,redevelopment,andtransformationacrosscontinents,andthechallengesandissuesarchitectsanddesignersfacewhiledoingit.Wewillillustratetheseideas

withcasestudiesofprojectsthatwebelieveinspireacollectiveshifttowardholistic,environmentally

responsiblebuiltandurbanenvironments.

Whiletimeandeconomicsarecriticaltothe

successofanytransformationproject,thevision

mustextendbeyondprojectcompletion.Only

byfocusingonthebusinesscaseandpost-

occupancyperformance,canweensurethateverytransformationdeliverslong-termvalue.

10

HANWHAH.Q.

Seoul,SouthKorea,2013-2019.Photo:?Rohspace

Agingbuildings

shouldbe

preparedforthe

future

→EUROPE

Photo?Evabloem

Rethinking

history,function

andmaterials

13WHATIFTHEPASTTRANSFORMSTHEFUTURE?Uns

TheEuropeanbuildingstockisaging.3Around

35%ofbuildingsareover50yearsold,andnearly75%ofthetotalbuildingstock,exceeding220

millionstructures,isenergyinefficient.4Acrossthe

region,muchattentionisbeingpaidtohowtoextendbuildings’lifespansfor,atleast,another50years.Assuch,governmentsarepushingthroughsustainablelegislationwiththegoalofreachingcarbonneutrality.Capitalisingonthesesentiments,whileinvestigatingwaystoupgrade,orevenchange,thecurrentbuilt

environmentisoftheutmostimportance.

SinceJanuary2023,officebuildingsinthe

Netherlands,withfewexceptions,needtomeet

atleastanenergylabelC.Thismeansthatthe

buildingcannotconsumemorethan225kWhper

m2peryearoffossilfuels.5However,inthepast

decade,approximately7millionsquaremeters,or

15%,ofofficespaceinthecountryhasremained

unoccupied.SimilartrendscanbeobservedinotherEuropeanofficemarkets,suchasFrankfurtand

Paris,wheresignificantinvestmentshavesurpassedactualdemand6.Withthesechallenges,developersanddecisionmakersarefacedwithfouroptions:

consolidation,renovationorupgrading,demolitionandnew-build,orconversiontonewfunctions.7

Itisatthisjuncturethattoday’sarchitectsand

designerscanadvisetheirclientstoopttoupgrade

theirbuildingstockandilluminateanewbusiness

modelwherevalueiscreatedfromwhatisalready

there.Infact,retrofitscouldsaveupto77%of

costscomparedtofullynewbuildings.8Whilein

manytransformationprojects,theexistingbuildingsoftenfallshortintermsofenergyefficiency,there

isanotheraspectthatoftengoesunnoticed:health.Healthshouldbeafundamentalstartingpointfor

almostallprojects.Whenundertakingtransformationorrenovationprojects,itisimportanttocreateteamsthatcontinuouslydevelopsolutionsthatenhance

thehealthofend-usersandsustainabilityofthebuiltenvironment.

Agingbuildingstock,functionschanging

Inthepastdecade,approximately7millionsquaremeters,or15%,ofofficespaceinTheNetherlandshasremainedunoccupied.

Retrofitscouldsaveupto77%ofcostscomparedtofullynewbuildings.8

35%15%77%

Around35%ofbuildingsin

Europeareover50yearsold,andnearly75%ofthetotalbuildingstock,exceeding220million

structures,isenergyinefficient.4

14Photo?Evabloem

→EUROPE

NowhereisthismoreevidentthaninFellenoord15,arenovationprojectcompletedbyUNSin2022.Bypreserving80%oftheoriginalstructure,theprojectachieveda40%reductionincarbonemissionsandacceleratedrevenuegenerationbyafullyear.Theretainedstructuralshellwaspairedwithoptimisedfloorplansthatmaximiseviewsandnaturaldaylight,enhancingboththebuilding’senergyefficiencyandthecomfortandproductivityofitsusers.

14

v

U

15WHATIFTHEPASTTRANSFORMSTHEFUTURE?

Whilerenovationisoneapproachdeveloperscan

taketoimprovetheirbuildingstock,inGermany,muchattentionisbeingpaidtotransformingofficesinto

residentialprojects,asthecountryhasbeengrapplingwithaseverehousingshortageforsometime.With

afocusonmetropolitanareas,currentestimates

showthat320,000newunitswillbeneededannuallyuntil2030,oranewhouseevery80seconds.9

Meanwhile,officevacancyrateshavealsoincreased,reachingnearly11millionsquaremetersacross

127cities.10Withmorebuildingsstandingemptyin

Germancitiesanddemandsforhousingskyrocketing,transformationprojectspresentamuch-needed

solutiontothecountry’sgrowingchallenges.

Architectureanddesignalsoneedtoturntheir

attentiontodesigningforfunction-to-function

flexibility,especiallyindenselypopulatedurbanareaswherespaceislimited,andmanybuildingshave

culturalandhistoricalvalue.Renovatinganexisting

houseratherthanconstructinganewonecanreduceembodiedcarbonbymorethan68%.11Turning

theirattentiontothesetransformationprojects

allowarchitectureanddesignstudiostomake

sustainablechoicesthatareinlinewithgovernments’environmentalpolicies,whilealsoaddingvalueto

theirclients’existingbuildingstock.

AtUNS,transformationprojectsareapproachedbyintegratingclimatemitigationand

adaptationstrategiesthatensurebuildingsmeetthemoststringent—andever-evolving—standards.Tohelpourdesignersachievethis,wedevelopavarietyofin-housedigital

toolsthathelpusunderstandhowanexistingbuildingiscurrentlyperformingandthe

designchoicesthatcanbemadetoensureitis,attheveryleast,compliantwiththelatestregulations.Bydesigningforlong-termresilience,clientsandinvestorsareprovidedwithconfidencethattheirtransformedbuildingswillremainsustainableandcompliantfor

decadestocome.

15

→EUROPE16

theutmostenvironmentallysustainablebuildings,architectsanddesignerscannotlosesightoftheculturalandhistoricalvalueofthelocalcontext.

BoththeDutchandGerman,aswellasmanyother

Europeancountries’,governmentshavelawsin

Don’tforgetaboutheritageAlthoughthereisanimportanturgencytodesign

placetopreservethecultural-historicalcharacterofplacesandensurenodamageisdonetomonumentalbuildings.

Photo?Evabloem

In2019,UNSrenovatedthefacadeofP.C.Hooftstraat138inAmsterdam,demonstrating

howinnovativeandsustainablematerialscanbeemployedtoenhanceaestheticappeal,

durabilityandenergyefficiency,andalsoadheringtostrictregulationsregardingtraditionalDutchstreetscapes.AtFOURFrankfurt,amixed-useurbandevelopmentintheheartof

Frankfurt,ourdesignersintegratedthemonument-statusfacadeoftheoriginalDeutscheBankbuilding.Thisassimilationaimedtopreservethehistoricalsignificanceoftheoriginalbuilding,whiletherestofthepodiumisre-openedtothepublic,creatingawalkableurbanspacethatreconnectsdifferentpartsofthecity.

17WHATIFTHEPASTTRANSFORMSTHEFUTURE?Uns

Strikingabalancebetweendesigningfor

sustainabilityandmaintainingthelocalaestheticis

adrivingforceinFrance.Forthecountrytoreach

itsdecarbonisationgoalsfor2050,developerscanonlyinvestinextending,renovating,redeveloping,andtransformingtheirbuildingstock.12Manyof

theseprojectsaretakingplaceinsuburbs,where

outdatedpublicbuildingssuchashospitalsare

beingtransformedintonew,mixed-usedcommunitycentres.Architectureanddesignstudioscanalso

helpbringaboutbehaviouralchangebyincludingurbandesignintotheseregenerationprojects.

Inaddition,inGreece,developersarelookingatinterventionsthatbringaddedvaluetotheirbuilding

stock,notablyinthehospitalitysector.Witha

focusonmaintaininglocalaestheticsandhistorical

significance,especiallyincoastalcitiesandislands,

designersarereimaginingthehospitalityofferingandinteriorexperiencestobringnewvaluetotheprojectsandtheirlocations.

InLuxembourg,ontheotherhand,thegovernmentandlargeprivatecompanieshavebeenredeveloping

brownfieldsiteswithinthecountryforthepast25

years.Withastronghistoryinthesteelindustry,

thesesitesarenowbeingcleanedandredevelopedtobringaboutanewsenseofcommunity.

Historicalandprojectedemissionsfromthebuildingssectorbetween1990and2050(inMtCO2eq)

HistoricEmissions(secten2018)

Business-as-usual(withexistingmeasures)RevisedSNBCscenario(carbonneutrality)

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

2015

88MtCO2eq

45MtCO2eq1

1

●

2030

30

20

2050

5MtCO2eq1

10

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

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2012

2014

2016

2018

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2028

2030

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0

→EUROPE18

VisualisationbyPlay-Time

TheKyklosbuildinginLuxemburg,designedbyUNSfortheBelvalsite,isatestamenttothereinvestmentinthisareaandtohowwecanexplorenewsustainabledesign

choiceswhilerespectinglocalheritage.Here,ourdesignersusedthe‘CarbonBuilder’tointricatelystudynumerousoptionstoreducethecarbonfootprintoftheirprojects.

FortheKyklosbuildingproposal,usingtheearlyprototypeofourCarbonBuilder

enabledtheteamtomakethecorrectdecisionsearlyintheconceptdesignprocess.Bychoosingtouserecycledsteel,theprojectnotonlyreducesitsenvironmentalfootprintbutalsodemonstrateshowcirculareconomyprinciplescanbeappliedtocontemporaryarchitecture.Thisapproachensuresthatthebuilding’sstructuralintegrityandaestheticappealaremaintainedwhileminimisingtheconsumptionofnewresources.

InSpainandPortugal,largerinfrastructure

projectsaretakingcentrestagewhenitcomesto

transformationandregeneration.Astraveltoandfromthecountriesincreases,sodoesthestrainonolder

stationsthatneedupgrading.Withaneedforhousing,publicbuildingsandlargeinfrastructureprojects,

architecturefirmsworkingwithinEuropeshould

takethisopportunitytorevisitandupgradethebuiltenvironmentwithoutputtingastrainontheplanet.

uns

→EUROPE20

19WHATIFTHEPASTTRANSFORMSTHEFUTURE?

Visualisationbyb720.?Adif

ProjectslikeUNS,b720ArquitecturaandEsteyco’s’proposalforthetransformationofMadridChamartín-ClaraCampoamorStationhighlighttheimportanceofmodernising

transporthubswhilepreservingtheirhistoricalandarchitecturalsignificance.InthecaseofChamartínStation,thedesignretainedtheiconicshapeofthearches,blendingthe

station’sheritagewithasustainabledesignthataccommodatesmulti-modaltransport,increasedcapacity,enhanceduserexperienceandexpandedprogramming,includingalargepublicpark.

VisualisationbyWAX

Environmental

andsocial

sustainability

areequally

important

Strikinga

balancefor

→NORTHAMERICA

thefuture

23WHATIFTHEPASTTRANSFORMSTHEFUTURE?Uns

Retrofittingisatanall-timehigh,butisit?

Asignificantportionofthecountry’sinfrastructure

facesmajorrisksfrom

naturaldisastersvulnerabletoflooding,highwinds,orwildfires:

19%

ofpowerinfrastructure,

17%

oftelecommunicationssystems,and

12%

ofairports.

Americancitiesarerevisitingtheircurrentbuildingstockatanunprecedentedrate.Accordingtothe

AmericanInstituteofArchitects(AIA),since2022,

themajorityofrevenueforarchitecturefirmsisnow

generatedfromrenovationprojectsratherthannew

construction(Bloomberg).Whilethisfiguremaysignalamoreenvironmentallyfocusedshiftinthemarket,

just3.8%oftheserenovationprojectsfocuson

enhancingabuilding’senergyperformance,whileonly1.6%aimtoimproveitsresiliency(Bloomberg).WhiledevelopersandclientsoutsideoftheNorthAmericanmarketaremainlychoosingretrofitting,renovation,

extension,andtransformationtoupgradetheirbuildingstocktoalignwithgovernments’environmentalgoals,intheUnitedStates,thechoicetorenovateversus

buildingnewillustratestheever-changingeconomicclimatedevelopersandinvestorsface.

Butthereisroomforamore-expansiveviewonthistopic.

Climatechangeanditseffectarebeingfeltmore

consistentlyeveryyear.Wearefacingmoreextremeweatherevents,moreseverestorms,andmore

frequentwildfires,allwhichimpactairqualityanddailylifeacrosstheworld.TheU.S.buildingindustry,inthemeantime,produced169milliontonsofconstructionanddemolitionwastein2015,accordingtothe

U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,whichisthe

mostrecentyearwithavailabledata.13Extension,

renovation,redevelopment,andtransformationshouldnotbemadetojustdealwithwhatwearealready

experiencing,butwhatwewillfaceinthefutureahead.

Notonlydobuildingsneedtobereadyforsuch

conditions,buttheAmericaninfrastructureisalso

atriskfromclimatechange.Asignificantportionofthecountry’sinfrastructurefacesmajorrisksfrom

naturaldisasters,with19%ofpowerinfrastructure,17%oftelecommunicationssystems,and12%

ofairportsvulnerabletoflooding,highwinds,or

wildfires.14Architectsanddesignerscanencouragethegovernmentandprivateinvestorstonotonly

investinupgradingAmerica’sinfrastructure,butalsoinsimultaneouslymakingitenvironmentally,sociallyandphysicallyresilient.

Todothis,architectureanddesignpractices

shouldleveragingtechnologicalandsustainable

innovations,whichcombineresearch,strategic

guidance,andadvancedtoolstodeliversolutions

thatarebothenvironmentallyresponsibleandhumancentered.

→NORTHAMERICA24

Whileretrofitting,renovation,extension,and

transformationareimperativetodesigningamore

environmentallysustainablebuiltenvironment,makingthesechoicescanalsoimprovesocialsustainability

withincommunities.AccordingtoaBloomberg

CityLab,“inplaceswherethemid-centurybuilding

boomwastemperedbytheendemicracismand

classismthatremadecities,mucholderhistoric

buildingsarewhat’sleft,surroundedbypeoplethat

neverlostsightofthem”.Architectsanddesigners

needtoparticipateincivicoutreachtounderstandthewaysinwhichoverlookedbuildingswithinAmerican

communitiesplayaroleintheireverydaylives.By

renovatingorimplementingadaptivereuseprinciples,designerscanaddresslocalchallengeswhilebuildingmoreresilientcommunities.

Thesocialmustalsobesustainable

UNSworkswithkeystakeholders,includingcityofficialsandcommunitymembers,

tounderstandhowindividualsinteractwiththeurbanenvironment.Usingdifferent

technologicalapproaches,includingcognitiveanalysisthrougheyemovementandstressresponsetracking,VirtualReality(VR)andDigitalTwinmodels,wecanensurethatmobilitysolutionsprioritisewalkability,accessibility,anduserexperience,whilealsoanticipating

theevolvingneedsofarapidlygrowingurbancore.

Forthesystem-widearchitectureandurbandesignoftheAustinLightRailproject,our

designers,incollaborationwithHKSandGehl,designedasystemthatconnects

communities,enhancespublicspaces,andintegrateswithAustin’sevolvingurbanfabric.ItalsoencourageslocalAustinitesandvisitorsaliketotakepublictransportandexperiencethecityinentirelynewways.

Photo?TerrenceZhang

Collaboration

isthekeyto

change

Cities

reimagined,

→ASIA

again

27WHATIFTHEPASTTRANSFORMSTHEFUTURE?

Forsometimenow,countriesacrossAsiahave

beenrapidlyurbanising.Asiaishometo54%oftheworld’surbanpopulation,equatingtoover2.2billionpeople.By2050,thisurbanpopulationisprojectedtoincreaseby50%,addingapproximately1.2billionmoreresidents.16WithsuchrapidgrowthalsocomeshigherCO2emissionrates;theentirecontinent

accountsforaround50%ofglobalemissions.17

Tocombattheseemissionrates,theChinese

governmenthasputforwardanationalstrategyto

achievecarbonneutralityby2060,whiletheKoreanNewDeal,publishedin2022,aimstoacceleratethetransitiontowardsalow-carbongreeneconomyby

investingcloseto143billionUSDandcreating1.9

millionjobsby2025.18Withpublicattentionseton

carbonneutralityandreducingemissionrates,Asiangovernmentsandtheprivatesectorarereevaluatingthecurrentbuildingstock,andarelookingatwaystoextend,renovate,redevelop,andtransformwhatis

alreadythere.

In2021,buildingsinChinaaccountedfor

36.3%ofthecountry’stotalenergyconsumption

overtheirentirelifecycle.19Theagingbuilding

stock,constructedtosupportthecountry’srapid

urbanisation,isnowpromptingarchitects,urban

designers,governments,anddeveloperstofocus

onupgradesthatenhancevalue,eitherthrough

increasedpropertyandlandworth,improvedsocietalwellbeing,strongerreturnoninvestment,long-term

benefits,brandidentity,orheritagepreservation.

Theseeffortsnotonlyalignwithstrategicgoals

butalsoplayacriticalroleinadvancingamore

sustainablebuiltenvironment.Whileresidentialandofficebuildingsaretwotypologiesatthecentreof

conversation,retailisanothertypologythatneeds