2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解文化背景知識(shí)訓(xùn)練試卷，拓寬視野考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Beloweachpassage,therearesomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Intherealmofglobalcuisine,thefusionofdiverseculinarytraditionscontinuestoinspireinnovationanddelightpalates.Whilesomearguethatculturalpurityshouldbemaintained,otherscontendthattheblendingofdifferentfoodpracticesenrichesbothindividualsandsocieties.Thisdebatereflectsbroadertensionsbetweenpreservationandadaptationinanincreasinglyinterconnectedworld.Proponentsofculinaryfusionarguethatitpromotesculturalexchangeandunderstanding.Wheningredientsandcookingtechniquesfromdifferentculturesarecombined,itcreatesnewflavorsanddishesthatcanbridgeculturaldivides.Forinstance,thepopularityofsushirollsinWesterncountriesexemplifieshowatraditionallyJapanesedishhasbeenadaptedtosuitinternationaltastes,fosteringagreaterappreciationforJapanesecuisine.Furthermore,fusionrestaurantsoftenserveasculturalmeltingpots,bringingpeopletogethertosharemealsandexperiencesfromvariousbackgrounds.Criticsoffusion,however,raiseconcernsaboutculturalappropriationandthedilutionoftraditionalidentities.Theyarguethatincorporatingelementsfromothercultureswithoutproperunderstandingorrespectcanleadtothemisrepresentationorevencommodificationofthosetraditions.Moreover,thefocusonnoveltyinfusioncuisinemightovershadowtherichheritageandintricatetechniquesofestablishedculinarypractices.Thisperspectivehighlightstheimportanceofacknowledgingtheoriginsandsignificanceofdifferentfoodcultures.Ultimately,thedebatesurroundingculinaryfusionrevealsthecomplexinterplaybetweenculturalpreservationandinnovation.Whileitisessentialtorespectandprotecttraditionalculinarypractices,theexchangeandblendingoffoodculturescanalsoleadtopositiveoutcomes.Thekeyliesinfosteringamindfulapproachtofusionthatacknowledgesandrespectsculturaloriginswhileembracingthecreativityanddiversitythatemergesfromcross-culturalinteractions.Questions:1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?2.Accordingtoproponentsofculinaryfusion,whatarethebenefitsofblendingdifferentfoodpractices?3.Whatarethemainconcernsofcriticsregardingculinaryfusion?4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasakeytoamindfulapproachtoculinaryfusion?5.Theword"commodification"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)commercializationB)preservationC)appreciationD)transformationPassage2Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedbothexcitementandapprehensionaboutitsfutureimpactonsociety.WhileAIoffersunprecedentedopportunitiesforautomation,efficiency,andinnovation,italsoraisesethicalconcernsregardingjobdisplacement,privacy,anddecision-makingautonomy.NavigatingthesecomplexchallengesrequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitspotentialrisks.OneofthemostsignificantpotentialbenefitsofAIisitsabilitytoautomaterepetitiveandlaborioustasks,therebyincreasingproductivityandefficiencyinvarioussectors.Forexample,inthemanufacturingindustry,AI-poweredrobotscanperformtasksthataredangerousorphysicallydemandingforhumans,leadingtoimprovedworkingconditionsandreducedcosts.Similarly,inthehealthcaresector,AIalgorithmscanassistindiagnosingdiseasesandpersonalizingtreatmentplans,leadingtobetterpatientoutcomes.However,thewidespreadadoptionofAIalsoposesathreattoemployment,particularlyinindustrieswherejobsinvolveroutinemanualorcognitivetasks.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,theymayreplacehumanworkersinvariousfields,leadingtojobdisplacementandeconomicinequality.Thisconcernhighlightstheneedforpoliciesandprogramsthatsupportworkforcetransitionsandreskillinginitiativestohelpworkersadapttothechangingjobmarket.Moreover,theuseofAIraisessignificantethicalconcernsregardingprivacyanddatasecurity.AIsystemsoftenrelyonlargedatasetstofunctioneffectively,whichcanincludesensitivepersonalinformation.Ensuringtheprivacyandsecurityofthisdataiscrucialtopreventmisuseandprotectindividualrights.Additionally,theincreasingrelianceonAIfordecision-makingraisesquestionsaboutaccountabilityandtransparency,asitcanbechallengingtounderstandhowAIsystemsarriveatspecificconclusions.Inconclusion,thefutureimpactofAIonsocietyismultifacetedandrequirescarefulconsideration.WhileAIoffersnumerousbenefits,itisessentialtoaddresstheethicalchallengesitposestoensurethatitsdevelopmentandimplementationarealignedwithsocietalvalues.Thisrequiresacollaborativeeffortamongpolicymakers,technologists,andthepublictocreateaframeworkthatmaximizesthebenefitsofAIwhileminimizingitspotentialrisks.Questions:6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofAIinthemanufacturingindustry?8.WhatisamajorconcernregardingthewidespreadadoptionofAI?9.Theword"mitigating"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)exacerbatingB)addressingC)ignoringD)enhancing10.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryfortheresponsibledevelopmentofAI?Passage3Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,asgrowingconcernsaboutenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletionhavepromptedcallsformoreresponsibleconsumptionandproductionpractices.Whilethetermisoftenassociatedwithenvironmentalism,sustainabilityencompassesabroaderrangeofissues,includingsocialequityandeconomicviability.Achievingtruesustainabilityrequiresaholisticapproachthatconsiderstheinterconnectednessofenvironmental,social,andeconomicsystems.Environmentalsustainabilityfocusesonpreservingnaturalresourcesandecosystemsforfuturegenerations.Thisinvolvesreducingpollution,conservingenergy,andpromotingrenewableenergysources.Forinstance,theshifttowardselectricvehiclescanhelpreducegreenhousegasemissionsandimproveairquality.Similarly,sustainableagriculturepracticesaimtominimizetheuseofpesticidesandfertilizers,protectingsoilhealthandbiodiversity.Socialsustainability,ontheotherhand,emphasizestheimportanceofcreatingfairandequitablesocieties.Thisincludesensuringaccesstobasicneedssuchascleanwater,healthcare,andeducation,aswellaspromotingsocialinclusionandculturaldiversity.Byaddressingsocialinequalities,societiescanfosterasenseofcommunityandwell-being,whichareessentialforlong-termsustainability.Economicsustainabilityfocusesoncreatingeconomicsystemsthatareviableinthelongterm.Thisinvolvespromotingsustainablebusinesspractices,supportinglocaleconomies,andinvestingininnovationthataddressesenvironmentalandsocialchallenges.Forexample,companiesthatadoptcirculareconomyprinciplesdesignproductsforreuseandrecycling,reducingwasteandresourceconsumption.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresacollaborativeeffortfromindividuals,businesses,andgovernments.Itinvolveschangingconsumptionpatterns,adoptinginnovativetechnologies,andimplementingpoliciesthatsupportsustainablepractices.Whilethejourneytowardssustainabilitymaybechallenging,itisessentialforensuringahealthyplanetandaprosperousfutureforall.Questions:11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeexamplesofenvironmentalsustainabilitypractices?13.Whatdoessocialsustainabilityfocuson?14.Theword"holistic"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)comprehensiveB)complicatedC)complexD)convoluted15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisessentialforachievingsustainability?PartIITranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish:近年來(lái)，隨著全球化的深入發(fā)展，跨文化交流日益頻繁，這為我們提供了了解不同文化、拓寬視野的寶貴機(jī)會(huì)。然而，在跨文化交流中，我們也面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)，例如語(yǔ)言障礙、文化差異、價(jià)值觀念沖突等。為了更好地進(jìn)行跨文化交流，我們需要培養(yǎng)跨文化溝通能力，學(xué)習(xí)尊重和理解不同文化，避免文化誤解和沖突。PartIIIWritingWriteanessayofatleast200wordsonthetopic:"TheImportanceofLifelongLearninginaRapidlyChangingWorld."PartIVClozeDirection:Readthefollowingpassagecarefully.FillineachblankwithONEwordthatbestfitsthecontext.Thehumanbrainisaremarkableorgan,capableofincrediblefeatsofmemory,learning,andproblem-solving.16,itscapacityisnotinfinite,anditsfunctionscanbeaffectedbyvariousfactors.Onesuchfactorissleep,whichplaysacrucialroleinmaintainingcognitivehealth.Duringsleep,thebrainundergoesseveralprocessesthatareessentialforlearningandmemoryconsolidation.17,sleephelpstosolidifynewmemoriesandintegratethemwithexistingknowledge.Thisprocess,knownasmemoryconsolidation,isvitalforretaininginformationandapplyingittonewsituations.Anotherimportantfunctionofsleepisitsroleinbrainrestoration.18,sleepallowsthebraintorecoverfromtheday'sactivities,repairinganydamageandpreparingforthenextday.Thisrestorationprocessisessentialformaintainingoptimalcognitivefunction.Inadditiontosleep,otherfactorscaninfluencebrainhealth.19,abalanceddietrichinnutrientssupportsbrainfunction,whilechronicstresscanhavedetrimentaleffects.Therefore,adoptinghealthylifestylehabitsiscrucialforpreservingcognitivehealth.Understandingthefactorsthataffectbrainhealthcanhelpindividualstakeproactivestepstomaintaintheircognitiveabilities.20,byprioritizingsleep,managingstress,andengaginginlifelonglearning,wecansupportourbrainhealthandenjoyafulfillingandproductivelife.16.______17.______18.______19.______20.______試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionQuestions:1.C*解析思路：*文章首段提出不同觀點(diǎn)的爭(zhēng)論，第二、三段分別闡述支持者和反對(duì)者的觀點(diǎn)，最后一段總結(jié)指出存在復(fù)雜性和平衡點(diǎn)。因此，文章主旨在于探討融合的復(fù)雜性與如何在保護(hù)與創(chuàng)新間取得平衡，而非僅僅陳述融合的利弊或僅僅是文化交流。選項(xiàng)C"Thedebatesurroundingthefusionofdiverseculinarytraditionsandthebalancebetweenpreservationandinnovation"最符合此意。2.B*解析思路：*根據(jù)第二段，支持者認(rèn)為融合促進(jìn)文化交流和理解，創(chuàng)造了新口味和菜肴，bridgingculturaldivides（彌合文化鴻溝），exemplifieshowatraditionallyJapanesedishhasbeenadaptedtosuitinternationaltastes（例如，傳統(tǒng)日式料理如何被改造以迎合國(guó)際口味），fosteringagreaterappreciationforJapanesecuisine（增進(jìn)對(duì)日本料理的欣賞）。這些都是文化融合帶來(lái)的益處，特別是促進(jìn)理解和欣賞。選項(xiàng)B"promotesculturalexchangeandunderstanding,createsnewflavorsanddishes,andfostersgreaterappreciationfordifferentcuisines"概括了主要益處。3.B*解析思路：*根據(jù)第三段，批評(píng)者主要擔(dān)心culturalappropriation（文化挪用）和thedilutionoftraditionalidentities（傳統(tǒng)身份的稀釋），認(rèn)為不當(dāng)融合可能導(dǎo)致misrepresentationorevencommodificationofthosetraditions（對(duì)那些傳統(tǒng)的誤讀甚至商品化），并且Noveltyinfusioncuisinemightovershadowtherichheritageandintricatetechniquesofestablishedculinarypractices（融合菜的新穎性可能掩蓋了已建立烹飪實(shí)踐豐富的遺產(chǎn)和復(fù)雜的技巧）。核心擔(dān)憂是尊重和傳統(tǒng)保護(hù)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B"culturalappropriation,thedilutionoftraditionalidentities,andthepotentialformisrepresentationorcommodificationoffoodcultures"概括了主要擔(dān)憂。4.A*解析思路：*根據(jù)最后一段，作者認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵在于fosteringamindfulapproachtofusion（采取一種謹(jǐn)慎的融合態(tài)度），這個(gè)態(tài)度要acknowledgeandrespectculturalorigins（承認(rèn)和尊重文化起源）同時(shí)embracingthecreativityanddiversitythatemergesfromcross-culturalinteractions（擁抱跨文化交流中產(chǎn)生的創(chuàng)造力和多樣性）。承認(rèn)和尊重起源是mindfulapproach的核心要素。選項(xiàng)A"acknowledgingandrespectingtheoriginsandsignificanceofdifferentfoodcultureswhileembracingcreativityanddiversity"符合此意。5.A*解析思路：*根據(jù)第二段"...canleadtothemisrepresentationorevencommodificationofthosetraditions"，commodification指的是將文化元素當(dāng)作商品來(lái)對(duì)待。選項(xiàng)中，commercialization（商業(yè)化）與commodification的含義最為接近，都指將非商品的事物變成商品進(jìn)行交易。其他選項(xiàng)意思差異較大。6.A*解析思路：*文章首段提出AI的發(fā)展帶來(lái)機(jī)遇也帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)，第二段詳述其好處（自動(dòng)化、效率），第三段詳述其壞處（失業(yè)、隱私），第四段總結(jié)需要平衡發(fā)展。文章圍繞AI的未來(lái)及其多方面影響展開，核心是探討其整體性的未來(lái)圖景。選項(xiàng)A"Thefutureimpactofartificialintelligenceonsocietyandthechallengesitposes"最能概括主旨。7.B*解析思路：*根據(jù)第二段，AI在制造業(yè)的潛在好處是automaterepetitiveandlaborioustasks（自動(dòng)化重復(fù)和繁重的任務(wù)），從而increaseproductivityandefficiency（提高生產(chǎn)力和效率），并leadtoimprovedworkingconditionsandreducedcosts（改善工作條件并降低成本）。選項(xiàng)B"automatingrepetitiveandlaborioustasks,increasingproductivityandefficiency,andimprovingworkingconditions"概括了這些益處。8.B*解析思路：*根據(jù)第三段，一個(gè)主要的擔(dān)憂是"AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,theymayreplacehumanworkersinvariousfields,leadingtojobdisplacementandeconomicinequality"（隨著AI系統(tǒng)變得更復(fù)雜，它們可能會(huì)取代各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的人類工人，導(dǎo)致失業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等）。因此，主要的擔(dān)憂是jobdisplacement（失業(yè)/工作被取代）。選項(xiàng)B"jobdisplacement,particularlyinindustriesinvolvingroutinemanualorcognitivetasks"最符合原文。9.B*解析思路：*根據(jù)第三段"Thisconcernhighlightstheneedforpoliciesandprogramsthatsupportworkforcetransitionsandreskillinginitiativestohelpworkersadapttothechangingjobmarket"（這一擔(dān)憂突顯了需要政策和計(jì)劃來(lái)支持勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)型和再培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃，以幫助工人在變化的工作市場(chǎng)中適應(yīng)），以及上下文，mitigating（減輕）在這里指采取措施來(lái)減輕AI帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響（如失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）。選項(xiàng)B"addressing"（解決）在語(yǔ)義上最接近。10.C*解析思路：*根據(jù)最后一段"Thisrequiresacollaborativeeffortamongpolicymakers,technologists,andthepublictocreateaframeworkthatmaximizesthebenefitsofAIwhileminimizingitspotentialrisks"（這需要政策制定者、技術(shù)人員和公眾之間的合作，以建立一個(gè)最大化AI益處同時(shí)最小化其潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的框架），作者暗示需要建立一個(gè)框架來(lái)指導(dǎo)AI的開發(fā)，這需要各方合作并考慮利弊。選項(xiàng)C"creatingacollaborativeframeworkforthedevelopmentandimplementationofAIthatbalancesbenefitsandrisks"提到了核心要素（合作框架、平衡利弊）。11.A*解析思路：*文章首段提出sustainability（可持續(xù)性）的概念及其涵蓋環(huán)境、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)三個(gè)維度，并指出實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要holistically（整體地）考慮。最后一段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)需要individual,business,andgovernmentcollaboration（個(gè)人、企業(yè)和政府的合作）。文章核心是圍繞sustainability的概念、內(nèi)涵及實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑展開。選項(xiàng)A"Theconceptofsustainability,encompassingenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensions,andtheneedforaholisticapproachtoachieveit"概括了文章主旨。12.B*解析思路：*根據(jù)第二段，環(huán)境可持續(xù)性實(shí)踐包括"reducingpollution,conservingenergy,andpromotingrenewableenergysources"（減少污染、節(jié)約能源、促進(jìn)可再生能源），以及"sustainableagriculturepracticesaimtominimizetheuseofpesticidesandfertilizers,protectingsoilhealthandbiodiversity"（可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐旨在盡量減少農(nóng)藥和化肥的使用，保護(hù)土壤健康和生物多樣性）。這些都是具體的實(shí)踐例子。選項(xiàng)B"reducingpollutionandenergyconsumption,promotingrenewableenergy,andpracticingsustainableagriculture"涵蓋了提及的主要例子。13.B*解析思路：*根據(jù)第三段，socialsustainability（社會(huì)可持續(xù)性）強(qiáng)調(diào)"creatingfairandequitablesocieties"（創(chuàng)建公平公正的社會(huì)），并包括"ensuringaccesstobasicneedssuchascleanwater,healthcare,andeducation,aswellaspromotingsocialinclusionandculturaldiversity"（確保獲得基本需求如干凈的水、醫(yī)療保健和教育，以及促進(jìn)社會(huì)包容和文化多樣性）。這表明其焦點(diǎn)在于社會(huì)公平、正義和包容。選項(xiàng)B"creatingfairandequitablesocieties,ensuringaccesstobasicneeds,andpromotingsocialinclusionandculturaldiversity"最符合原文。14.A*解析思路：*根據(jù)第一段"achievingtruesustainabilityrequiresaholisticapproachthatconsiderstheinterconnectednessofenvironmental,social,andeconomicsystems"（實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的可持續(xù)性需要一個(gè)holistically（整體地）的方法，考慮環(huán)境、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)的相互聯(lián)系），這里指一種全面、整體的方法。選項(xiàng)A"comprehensive"（全面的）與holistic的含義最為接近。15.C*解析思路：*根據(jù)最后一段"Understandingthefactors...canhelpindividualstakeproactivesteps...supportourbrainhealthandenjoyafulfillingandproductivelife"，以及全文對(duì)睡眠、飲食、壓力、學(xué)習(xí)等因素的討論，要實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展（在此語(yǔ)境下指腦健康），需要采取主動(dòng)措施。選項(xiàng)C"takingproactivestepstomaintaincognitiveabilitiesthroughhealthylifestylehabits"概括了核心建議。16.However*解析思路：*空格前說(shuō)大腦很remarkable（非凡的），空格后說(shuō)其capacityisnotinfinite（能力不是無(wú)限的），并提到factorsaffectingitsfunctions（影響其功能的因素）。這里需要一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步的詞來(lái)連接這兩個(gè)相對(duì)矛盾或?qū)Ρ鹊年愂觥owever（然而）符合此意。17.Forexample*解析思路：*空格后解釋了sleep的一個(gè)重要功能：solidifynewmemoriesandintegratethemwithexistingknowledge（鞏固新記憶并將其與現(xiàn)有知識(shí)整合）。這為前文"severalprocessesthatareessentialforlearningandmemoryconsolidation"（幾個(gè)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶鞏固至關(guān)重要的過(guò)程）提供了一個(gè)具體的例子或說(shuō)明。Forexample（例如）符合此意。18.Forinstance*解析思路：*空格后解釋了sleep的另一個(gè)功能：recoverfromtheday'sactivities,repairinganydamageandpreparingforthenextday（從一天的活動(dòng)中獲得恢復(fù)，修復(fù)任何損傷并為第二天做準(zhǔn)備）。這同樣是為前文"brainrestoration"（大腦恢復(fù)）概念提供的一個(gè)具體例子或說(shuō)明。Forinstance（例如）符合此意。19.Forexample*解析思路：*空格后列舉了兩個(gè)例子：abalanceddietrichinnutrients（營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的均衡飲食）支持brainfunction（大腦功能），而chronicstress（慢性壓力）有detrimentaleffects（有害影響）。這是對(duì)前文"otherfactorscaninfluencebrainhealth"（其他因素會(huì)影響大腦健康）的具體說(shuō)明或例證。Forexample（例如）符合此意。20.Therefore*解析思路：*空格后提出了建議：prioritizingsleep,managingstress,andengaginginlifelonglearning（優(yōu)先考慮睡眠、管理壓力、進(jìn)行終身學(xué)習(xí)）。這是基于前文對(duì)影響大腦健康因素的分析（睡眠、飲食、壓力等）得出的結(jié)論或推論。Therefore（因此）符合此意。PartIITranslationWiththedeepeningofglobalizationinrecentyears,cross-culturalcommunicationhasbecomeincreasinglyfrequent,whichprovidesuswithvaluableopportunitiestounderstanddifferentculturesandbroadenourhorizons.However,incross-culturalcommuni