2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解核心詞匯：專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練與解析試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀以下段落，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，在每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Thehumanbrainiscapableofremarkablethings,butitalsofallspreytosomepredictableerrors.Onesucherror,knownasanchoringbias,occurswhenwerelytooheavilyonthefirstpieceofinformationweencounter(the"anchor")whenmakingdecisions.Thisinitialinformationcandisproportionatelyinfluenceoursubsequentjudgments,evenifit'sirrelevantorinaccurate.Forexample,ifyou'reofferedaglassofwinefor$10andthentoldit'sactually$100,youmightperceiveitasoverpriced.However,ifyouinitiallysawitfor$100andthenlearneditwas$10,youmightfeelit'sabargain.Theinitialpricepointactsasananchor,shapingyourperceptionofvalue,eventhoughtheobjectivevalueremainsthesame.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanchoringbias?A.Thetendencytoignoreinitialinformation.B.Thebrain'sinabilitytomakedecisions.C.Over-relianceonthefirstpieceofinformationencountered.D.Thehumanbrain'ssusceptibilitytoremarkableerrors.2.Theword"disproportionately"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.AppropriatelyB.ExcessivelyC.AccuratelyD.Conveniently3.WhichofthefollowingscenariosisNOTanexampleofanchoringbiasasdescribedinthepassage?A.Astudentperformswellonthefirsttestofthesemesterandexpectssimilarresultsonsubsequenttests.B.Ashopperisinitiallyshownahigh-priceditemandthenfindsalower-pricedalternative.C.Aninvestorbasestheirstockdecisionsprimarilyontherecentperformanceofthemarket.D.Apersonadjuststheirestimateofacar'svalueafterseeingsimilarmodelslistedatdifferentprices.4.Thepassagesuggeststhattheinfluenceofananchorcanbe:A.Alwaysnegative.B.Onlynoticeableinhigh-stakessituations.C.Potentiallymisleading,eveniftheanchorisaccurate.D.Completelyeliminatedbyrationalthought.5.Thephrase"fallspreyto"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.IsprotectedfromB.BenefitsfromC.IsinfluencedbyD.Isaffectedby第二部分閱讀以下段落，在每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出與畫線部分意思最相近的一項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Inmanycultures,theconceptof"face"playsacrucialroleinsocialinteractions.Facecanbedefinedasthepublicimageofaperson,maintainedwiththehelpofothers.Itencompassesrespectability,dignity,andthepositiveperceptiononewishestoproject.Consequently,individualsoftengotogreatlengthstoavoid"losingface"orcausingfacetoothers.Thiscaninvolveusingpolitelanguage,avoidingpubliccriticism,andmaintainingharmoniousrelationships.Whilethespecificpracticesandimportanceoffacemayvaryacrosscultures,theunderlyingprincipleremains:protectingone'sownfaceandrespectingthefaceofothersisessentialforsmoothsocialfunctioning.6.Theword"crucial"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.UnimportantB.OptionalC.SignificantD.Superfluous7.Accordingtothepassage,faceis:A.Aprivateaspectofaperson'sidentity.B.Thesameasreputation.C.Apublicimagethatrequiresmaintenance.D.Primarilydeterminedbyone'sachievements.8.Thephrase"gotogreatlengths"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.MakeminimaleffortB.AvoidunnecessarycomplicationsC.MakeasignificanteffortD.Relyonothersforassistance9.Whichofthefollowingscenariosbestillustratestheconceptof"losingface"?A.Astudentconfidentlypresentstheirprojectinfrontoftheclass.B.Anemployeepolitelydeclinesatasktheyarenotqualifiedfor.C.Apersonpubliclycorrectsacolleague'smistake.D.Acustomerpolitelyexpressesacomplaintaboutaproduct.10.Theword"underlying"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.Surface-levelB.BasicC.ComplexD.Controversial第三部分閱讀以下段落，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，回答問題。將答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。Theshifttowardsremoteworkhasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofthemodernworkplace.Proponentsarguethatitoffersincreasedflexibility,reducedcommutingtime,andabetterwork-lifebalanceforemployees.Companies,inturn,maybenefitfromloweroverheadcostsandaccesstoawidertalentpool.However,remoteworkalsopresentschallenges.Maintainingteamcohesionandcommunicationcanbemoredifficultwhencolleaguesarephysicallydispersed.Managersmustadapttheirleadershipstylestoeffectivelyguideremoteteams,andemployeesneedtodevelopself-disciplineandtimemanagementskillstosucceedinahomeenvironment.Furthermore,concernsaboutwork-lifeboundariesandpotentialisolationhaveemergedassignificantissuesforremoteworkers.11.Whataresomepotentialbenefitsofremoteworkforemployees?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomechallengesassociatedwithremoteworkforcompanies?13.Whatskillsdoemployeesneedtodeveloptobesuccessfulinaremoteworkenvironment?14.Theword"fundamentally"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.SuperficiallyB.SignificantlyC.TemporarilyD.Carefully15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbytheinformationinthepassage?A.Remoteworkeliminatesallchallengesassociatedwiththetraditionalofficeenvironment.B.Companiesshouldonlyhireemployeeswholiveneartheirofficelocations.C.Effectivecommunicationismoredifficultinaremoteworksetting.D.Remoteworkisuniversallypreferredbybothemployeesandcompanies.試卷答案第一部分1.C解析：根據(jù)第一段第二句"Thisinitialinformationcandisproportionatelyinfluenceoursubsequentjudgments,evenifit'sirrelevantorinaccurate.（這種最初的信息會不成比例地影響我們隨后的判斷，即使它無關(guān)緊要或不準(zhǔn)確。）"可知，anchoringbias是指過度依賴最初的信息。選項(xiàng)C"Over-relianceonthefirstpieceofinformationencountered"（過度依賴遇到的第一信息）與原文意思一致。2.B解析：根據(jù)第二段"Thisinitialpricepointactsasananchor,shapingyourperceptionofvalue,eventhoughtheobjectivevalueremainsthesame.（這個(gè)初始價(jià)格點(diǎn)是一個(gè)錨點(diǎn)，塑造了你的價(jià)值感知，盡管客觀價(jià)值保持不變。）"可知，即使客觀價(jià)值不變，初始價(jià)格點(diǎn)也會極大地影響價(jià)值感知，說明這種影響是過度的。選項(xiàng)B"Excessively"（過度地）與原文意思closestinmeaning（意思最相近）。3.A解析：選項(xiàng)A描述的是一個(gè)學(xué)生根據(jù)第一次測試的成績來預(yù)期后續(xù)測試的成績，這更像是“可得性啟發(fā)式”或“后視偏見”，而不是anchoringbias。anchoringbias指的是根據(jù)第一個(gè)接觸到的信息（錨點(diǎn)）來做決策或判斷。選項(xiàng)B、C、D都描述了根據(jù)某個(gè)初始信息來做決策或判斷的情況，符合anchoringbias的定義。4.C解析：根據(jù)第二段"Thisinitialinformationcandisproportionatelyinfluenceoursubsequentjudgments,evenifit'sirrelevantorinaccurate."可知，即使錨點(diǎn)是準(zhǔn)確的，它的影響也可能是誤導(dǎo)性的。選項(xiàng)C"Potentiallymisleading,eveniftheanchorisaccurate"（即使錨點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確，也potentiallymisleading（有潛在誤導(dǎo)性））與原文意思一致。5.D解析：根據(jù)第一段"italsofallspreytosomepredictableerrors."可知，人類大腦會受到一些可預(yù)測的錯(cuò)誤的影響。“fallpreyto”意為“受到……的影響，遭……之害”。選項(xiàng)D"isaffectedby"（受到……的影響）與原文意思closestinmeaning。第二部分6.C解析：根據(jù)第一段"Theconceptof"face"playsacrucialroleinsocialinteractions."可知，face在社交互動中扮演著重要的角色?！癱rucial”意為“至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的”。選項(xiàng)C"Significant"（重要的，顯著的）與原文意思closestinmeaning。7.C解析：根據(jù)第一段"Facecanbedefinedasthepublicimageofaperson,maintainedwiththehelpofothers."可知，face是一個(gè)人的公眾形象，需要他人的幫助來維持。選項(xiàng)C"Apublicimagethatrequiresmaintenance"（需要維護(hù)的公眾形象）與原文意思一致。8.C解析：根據(jù)第二段"individualsoftengotogreatlengthstoavoid"losingface"..."可知，人們常常付出巨大的努力來避免丟臉。“gotogreatlengths”意為“付出巨大的努力”。選項(xiàng)C"Makeasignificanteffort"（付出巨大的努力）與原文意思closestinmeaning。9.C解析：根據(jù)第二段"avoidingpubliccriticism..."可知，公開批評他人會損害對方的臉面?！發(fā)osingface”指的是丟臉，即受到公開批評。選項(xiàng)C"Apersonpubliclycorrectsacolleague'smistake."（一個(gè)人公開糾正同事的錯(cuò)誤）符合這個(gè)情況。10.B解析：根據(jù)最后一段"Theunderlyingprincipleremains:protectingone'sownfaceandrespectingthefaceofothersisessentialforsmoothsocialfunctioning."可知，保護(hù)自己的臉面和尊重他人的臉面是基本的原則。“underlying”意為“基礎(chǔ)的，根本的”。選項(xiàng)B"Basic"（基本的）與原文意思closestinmeaning。第三部分11.Increasedflexibility,reducedcommutingtime,andabetterwork-lifebalance.解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句"Proponentsarguethatitoffersincreasedflexibility,reducedcommutingtime,andabetterwork-lifebalanceforemployees."可知，支持遠(yuǎn)程工作的人認(rèn)為它為員工提供了更大的靈活性、減少了通勤時(shí)間以及更好的工作生活平衡。12.Maintainingteamcohesionandcommunicationcanbemoredifficultwhencoll