五年（2021-2025）高考真題分類匯編PAGEPAGE1專題12閱讀理解七選五(北京專用)五年考情（2021-2025）命題趨勢年份體裁詞數(shù)設(shè)題位置主題語境話題段首段中段尾2025議論文269+87032人與自我成年人的定義及其特質(zhì)題材聚焦前沿議題，題型設(shè)計強化篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，設(shè)空以段中句為主，側(cè)重邏輯關(guān)系考查，凸顯批判性思維與社會責(zé)任感。干擾項設(shè)計更隱蔽，強調(diào)速覽全文定骨架、瞻前顧后找銜接。2024說明文281+82140人與社會“刺猬”型和“狐貍”型思維2023說明文255+83122人與自然選擇高校的建議2022說明文225+81140人與自我健康和健身2021說明文275+102230人與社會音樂對身體的好處(2025·北京·高考)Whatisadulthood?Societiesallovertheworldviewtheconceptofanadultasself-supportingandself-directed,becauseitidentifiesapointinthelifecycle.AsAliceBlackpointsout,today’sparents’fearoflettingkidsdomorehouseworkhasaddedtotheirinabilitytofeelcompetentand,thus,confidentinthemselves.PsychologistRobertTurnerwroteaboutthisinhisbook,TheLifeCycle,mentioningastagewhenkidslearnself-directionandmastery.____35____ButTurner’sothercyclesarejustasimportant.____36____Iftheselifecyclesaredelayed,interrupted,ordenied,youfeelincapableofaccessingyourstatesofself,controllingunpleasantfeelings,andmanipulating(操控)theenergythatputstogetherthefabricofyourinnerworld.Turnerwiselysaidthat“doingwell”psychologicallyisbeingabletorollwiththeflowofemotions,managethem,communicateclearlyandwellwithothers,andmastervariousskills.Thisrequiresaninternallocus(核心)ofcontrol,whichimpliesself-controlofyourthoughts,feelings,andactions.____37____You’reself-directedandnotreliantontheworldtotellyouwhoyouare.Andyouknowwhoyouarewithinallthis.So,beinganadultisn’tjustholdingajob.Beinganadultisabouthavingarootedsenseofselfwhilebeingcapableofidentifyingandmanagingyouremotionsandactions.____38____Weareasocialspecies,sothisisimportant.Whileraisinganadultisaparent’sjob,it’salsoourresponsibilityasasocietytoensurethatwesupportschoolsthatnurture(培養(yǎng))emotionalandidentitydevelopment.____39____A.It’salsoourjobtosupportadultswhoneedhelprepairingincompletelifecycles.B.Theytalkaboutsomeone’sinabilitytosupportthemselvesthroughwork.C.It’sbeingabletoshowunderstandingwhencommunicatingwithothers.D.Inotherwords,you’replayingthegameoflife—lifeisn’tplayingyou.E.Theyteachemotionalawarenessandmanagementaswellasidentity.F.Youfeellikean18-yearold,especiallywhenplaying80smusic.G.Whenthisstageisdenieditcreatesasenseofinsecurity.(2024·北京·高考)Ifyouwanttodevelopmaximumcredibility(可信性),isitbettertobeahedgehog(刺猬)orafox?AccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,thehedgehogknowsonethingverywell,andthefoxknowsalotofthings.Isthereaclearadvantageofonestyleovertheother?Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.___35___Andtheyareusuallyverycredibleindoingso.AccordingtoJimHart,the“hedgehogconcept”isoneofthefactorsthatleadcompaniestogreatness.Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.___36___Thehedgehogconceptmakesperfectsenseforcompanies.___37___PhilipTatehasstudiedthetrackrecordsofthosefolksontheSundaytalkshowswhomakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.Theadvantagethat.foxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.___38___Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.Theyalsohaveaclearerestimationofwhattheyknowanddon’tknow.So,whichisbetter?Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.___39___Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.Themosteffectivewaytogothroughlifeistotrytobethatraremixtureknownasfoxyhedgehog.A.Inotherwords,thereareclearadvantagesforeach.B.Theyaremorelikelytorememberpeople’smistakes.C.Hence,theyhavetheadvantageofclarityandconfidence.D.Buttherecanbeadownsidetoconcentrationononebigthing.E.However,hedgehogsremainopentoothers’reactionsandinputs.F.Whensomethingiscontradictorytotheirview,theydon’ttreatitasexceptional.G.Theycomedownsquarelyononesideortheotherandfullysupporttheirposition.(2023·北京·高考)It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.35WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A．Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B．Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C．Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D．However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E．Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F．They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G．Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(2022·北京·高考)Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.____35____Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.____36____Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.____37____Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.____38____Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.____39____This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.(2021·北京·高考)Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．____35____Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．____36____However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．____37____Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推測）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．____38____Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．____39____Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．1(2025屆北京市第十一中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期三模英語試題)TheyhadnamessuchasTomtheTerror,DirtyFace,andBilgewater.Theytraveledthousandsofmilesonwarshipswithhistory’ssaltiestsailors.Theywerevaluedmembersofthecrew,evenissueduniformsforphotographsandtheirowntinybedsfornapping.Theywerethecatsthatservedintheworld’snavies.Shipcatsarenotarecentphenomenon.Theyhavebeenservingonshipsforalmostaslongashumanshavebeengoingtosea.AncientEgyptiansdepictedthemhuntingfromboatssailingdowntheNile.1Cats’huntingskillsonlandmadethemvaluablecompanionsatsea.Ratsandmicecausedmajorproblemsonships.2Catswereacheapandeffectivesolutiontotheseproblems—andtheywerealsogoodcompany.Onlongvoyages,theycouldprovideavessel’screwwithaffectionandsoftnessintheharshenvironmentofaship.Notsurprisingly,sailorsdevelopedplentyofbeliefsaroundcatbehavior.Seamenpreparingtosailconsidereditgoodluckwhencatschosetoboardtheirvessels.3Anevenworseomen(預(yù)兆)?Thesightoftwocatsfightingonapiercouldbeforewarningthatthosesettingsailwoulddie.Thoughcatsareknownfortheirdislikestowater,theirbiologymakesthemsurprisinglysuitedtolifeatsea.Unlikehumansailorswhodranklemonjuicetopreventscurvy,catscanmaketheirownvitaminC．4Catsarealsoabletoobtainmostofthewatertheyneedfromtheirprey,sotheydonotrequirealotofpotablewaterashumansailorsdo.5Thelongrunoftheshipcatwasendedbystricterinternationalquarantinelawsimposed.Manycountriesrequiredalengthyquarantineperiodfordisembarkingcats.Iflocalofficialscaughtonesneakingoffaship,thecaptaincouldbefinedorevenplacedunderarrest.A．Butitwasadreadfulsignindeedwhenacatdecidedtojumpship.B．Therefore,theycansurviveonadietthatlacksfruitsandvegetables.C．Theypollutedandconsumedfood,chewedthroughequipment,andspreaddisease.D．AndthecatsmadetheirwayacrosstheMediterraneanaboardGreektradingvessels.E．AndintheUK,thecatssuppliedtotheRoyalNavyevenreceivedaweeklyallowance.F．SincethebeginningoftheWWII,however,mostnaviesoftheworldhaveadoptedasimilarpolicy.G．However,followingtheendoftheWWII,thespecialpositionthatcatsheldonNavyshipsbegantodecline.2(2025屆北京市中國人民大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期三模英語試題)It’snosecretthatlifemakesusanxious.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,anestimated19%ofU.S.adultshavebeendiagnosedwithananxietydisorder.1Alackofin-personconnectionandinteraction,timeinnatureandengagementinourcommunitiesiscreating“digitalanxiety.”Attherootofmostanxietydisordersisadifficultycopingwithuncertainty.Itismanifestedinsymptomsofexcessiveworryandanxiety.Thosewithgeneralizedanxietydisordermightworryabouttheirownsafetyorthatofalovedone.2Digitalanxiety,ontheotherhand,isrootedinouruseoftechnologyandsocialmediahabits.Oneexampleisthestresscausedbynegativeinteractionsfromasocialmediapost.Theremaybefeelingsofinadequacy,hopelessnessandsocialisolation.Peoplemayalsoexperiencedigitalanxietywhenseparatedfromtheirphones.Theymightfeeldisconnectedandworryaboutnotknowingofpossiblethreatslikewaroranaturalcatastrophe.3Facedwithdigitalanxiety,howcanwereduceit?Hereareafewrecommendationstogetyoustarted.4Recordhowoftenyou’reengagedwithscreensandtechnology.Notethetimeofdayyou’remostlikelytologonandhowyoufeelbeforeandafter.Acceptthatanxietyisapartofliving.5Makeadailycommitmenttopracticeradicalacceptance—theabilitytoacceptrealitywithoutjudgment.Thatdoesn’tmeanyouapproveofnegativeeventsandsituations.Rather,youacceptthesecircumstancesasthingsyoumightnotbeabletochangeatthismoment—orever.A．Limityoursocialmediaandscreentime.B．Theyfocustheirattentiononspecificgoals.C．Behonestwithyourselfaboutyourdigitalhabits.D．Lifeisunpredictableandoftenbeyondyourcontrol.E．Sometimestheymissoutonasocialeventorlosetouchwithfriends.F．Ortheymayhavepersistentfearsthatsomethingbadisabouttohappen.G．Studiesalsoshowthattoomuchtimeonsocialmediaislinkedtogreateranxiety.3(2025屆北京市八一學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí)英語試題)Literatureisthestudyofhumancommunication.Itdealswithgreatwriters,fromShakespearetoCervantes,anddealswithtexts.Also,literatureoffersaccesstovibrantformsofexpressionandasksustoembracenewwaysofthinkingabouttheworld.Itshowsushowtoreadcritically,evenaskingwhywereadandwriteatall.1ForastudentofLiterature,allformsofcommunicationareconsideredtextsandcanbecomethefocusofcriticalinquiry.Raplyrics,thelanguageofadvertisements,ourfavoritefilms,diaries,evenourconstantlyupdatedstatusesonsocialmediaplatforms,allareproductsoftheurgetoshareideasandexperiences.2Sotostudyliteratureistoopenagatewaytounderstandingcomplexvaluesandpreoccupationsofindividuals,smallcommunitiesandevenwholesocieties.3Andattheturnofthe19thcentury,writersthemselvesbegantoexperimentwithnewwaysoflookingatthewrittenword.ModernliterarycriticismwasbornasRomantics,suchasWilliamWordsworth’sthoughttodefinepoetry.Ahundredyearslater,newschoolsofthoughtemergedthatsoughttounderstandthehistoricalandculturalbackgroundsfromwhichliteratureemerged.MarxistliterarycriticssuchasTerryEagletonarguedthatliteratureisnotindependentofitstimeandculture,butratheraproductofit.4Fromthe1960s,freshgenerationsofcriticswereturningtheirattentionawayfromthecreatorsoftexts.Thesepoststructuralistslookedbeyondauthorialintenttofocusoninterpretation.Literarycriticismchallengesthewayswethinkabouttheworldandhowitshouldbeordered.5A．Ithelpsusunderstandwhoweareandhowweare.B．Becauseliteratureiscomplex,though,weneedtodecodeit.C．Aboveall,itexploreshowwecommunicateideasandwhy.D．Andeachoffersitsowninsightsintothewaysthatwe,ashumans,seetheworld.E．Wordsworthexploredtherelationshipbetweenthepoetryandthepoetratherthanthereader.F．Ithelpsusimaginewhatitisliketobesomeoneelseandtoliveabetter,orsimplydifferentlifeG．Otherthinkersfocusedonidentity,lookingatthewaysinwhichanauthor’ssenseofselfisproducedbysociety’sdominantideologies(意識形態(tài)).4(2025屆北京市精華學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期三模英語試題)We’veallbeenthere.Staringatapileofwork,achallengingproject,orataxingproblem,weoftenfeellikeamousefacingacat.Wegetasenseofsinkthatisbeingstuckbetweentherockandahardplace.1Yet,whatifyourbrain,yourgreatestweapon,couldbetrickedintotacklingthesechallenges?Thehumanbrainisacomplex,complicatedmarvel.It’sthedirectorofyourlife’splay,themastermanipulator,thestrategistpullingstringsfrombackstage.2Butthekeyisunderstandingthatitcanbetrainedfine-tuned,andsometimeseventrickedintodoingtaskswemightfindtoochallengingoruncomfortable.Whenfacedwithacomplextask,ourbrainstendtofreeze,overwhelmedbythemagnitudeofwhatliesahead.Thisnaturalresponsecanbecomfortedbybreakingdownthetaskintosmallermanageable“salamislices”.Eachsliceisnotasawfulasthewhole,encouragingyoubraintotakeononepieceatatime.3Anothermethodcenteredaroundthe“2-minuterule”,whichsuggeststhatifataskcanbedoneintwominutesorless,doitimmediately.Butthere’satwist.4Tellyourbrainyou’llonlyworkonataskfor“2minutes”.Onceyou’vestarted,theinertiaisbroken,andoftenyou’llfindyourselfworkingmuchlonger.Thehardpart,astheysay,isgettingstarted.Masteringyourbrainisnochild’splay.Itrequirespatience,perseverance,andapinchofguile.Thepathtoproductivityandtacklinghardtasksisn’talwaysaboutbruteforceandwillpower.Sometimes,itinvolvesalittlecunningandtheartfulactoftrickingyourbrain.5It’stimetostartplayingmindgames—withyourself.A．Theonlywaytotacklechallengesisthroughwillpoweranddetermination.B．Apullbackintothecomfortzoneistootemptingtoresist.C．It’slikeeatingapizza,onepieceatatimemakesitdoableandevenenjoyable.D．Youcanalsousethisruletotrickyourbrainintostartinglargertasks.E．Itisnotalwaysreliableandcansometimesleadustoawrongway.F．It’syourmostcriticaltreasureandsometimes,yourbiggestopponent.G．So,thenexttimeyou’refacedwithachallenge,rememberyouhavethebraintoovercomeitall.5(2025屆北京市朝陽區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二?？荚囉⒄Z試題)Thereisconsiderableevidencefromstudieswithadultsthatvolunteeringbenefitsaperson’sphysicalandmentalhealth.1A2023analysissuggestedthatyoungpeoplewhohadparticipatedincommunityserviceweremorelikelytobeinexcellenthealthandstayedcalmwhenfacedwithchallenges.2Itcouldbethatthechildrenvolunteerswerealreadyingreathealth.Butbecauseofanalarmingriseinmentalhealthissuesamongyoungpeople,environmentalhealthscientistsbelievethisearlyevidenceispromisingenoughtopursue.A2021advisorywarnedthatthenumberofyoungpeoplereportingconstantfeelingsofsadnessorhopelessnesshadincreasedby40percentoverthepreviousdecade.Therearemultiplepossiblecauses,includinganxietyoverclimatechange,theeffectsofsocialmediauseandunfriendlypersonalcircumstances.Toaddresstheseproblems,researcherspointtotheimportanceof“contribution”asanessentialpieceofsocialandemotionaldevelopmentforteenagers.Volunteeringisonegoodwayyoungpeoplecancontribute.3In2022,developmentalpsychologistParissaBallardandhercolleaguestestedvolunteeringasaninterventionfornine14-to-20-year-oldswhohadbeenrecentlydiagnosedwithmildtomoderatedepressionoranxiety.After30hoursofvolunteerworkatcommunityorganizations,theaveragereductionindepressivesymptomswas19percent.Whataccountsforthebenefits?Helpingothersimprovesmoodandraisesconfidence.Itprovidesrichgroundforbuildingsocialconnections.Italsochangeshowyoungpeopleseethemselves.Manyteensdon’tfeelimportant.4Theremaybeapotentialdownsidetovolunteering,however.5“Youngpeoplehavetochoosesomethingthatfeelsmeaningfultothem,”Ballardsays.Adultscanhelpbyofferingchoicesandcheckingvolunteeropportunitiestobesurethatorganizationsarewellrunandequippedtoofferagoodexperience.A．Admittedly,thisfindingonlyshowsconnections.B．Nowscientistsarefindingsimilarlinksinchildrenandteenagers.C．Thisimprovementwasincomparisonwithyoungpeoplewhodidnotvolunteer.D．Thesenseofmatteringtootherstranslatesreallywelltotheirneedstoconnectandbelong.E．Everyoneinthestudyenjoyedtheworkandreportedasenseofprideandaccomplishment.F．Theexperiencecanbeharmfulifyoungpeoplefeelliketheyarebeingforcedtoparticipate.G．Volunteeringgivesthemadifferentsenseofthemselves,asenseofconfidenceandself-value.6(2025屆北京市昌平區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題)Manypeopletalkaloudtothemselves.1Unlikethesilentmentalconversationstermedinnerspeech,thisbehaviorinvolvesvoicedexpression.Researchershaveobservedthatthephenomenonfrequentlyarisesinparticularcircumstances;thoselivingalone,forinstance,demonstrateheightenedengagementwithsuchself-dialogue.Thisinspirestheresearcherstoinvestigateitspsychologicalroots.2Talkingoutloudisacommonwayforpeoplewhospendlotsoftimealonetokeepthemselvescompany.Forexample,childrenwhogrowupalonepracticeself-talkmorefrequentlythanthosewhohavebrothersandsisters—aswellasadultswhohadanimaginarycompanionwhentheywerekids.Anothersignificantfactordrivingpeopletotalkoutloudtothemselvesistheneedtodealwithstressfulsituations,particularlywhentheyfeeluncertainabouthowtoactorwhatemotionstoprocess.Researchhasshownthatindividualstendtoself-talkmorewhentheyarefeelinganxiousordealingwithrepetitivethoughts.3Self-talkservesasatoolthathelpsthemworkthroughthesechallenges.Agealsoplaysaroleinthisbehavior.Youngchildrentalkoutloudtothemselvesastheyarelearningsocialroles.4Theelderlyarealsomorelikelytoself-talk,whichmaybeduetotheirneedformemoryassistanceortheresultofloweredself-control.Talkingoutloudtoyourselfisperfectlynormalandevenbeneficial.Itcanimprovehowwellyouperformatatask.Inonestudy,basketballplayersperformedbetterwhentheytalkedthroughtheirmovesoutloudinanencouragingorinstructionalway.Therecanalso,surprisingly,beasocialaspect.Inthatcase,self-talkblurs(模糊)thelinebetweeninternalandinterpersonalcommunication.5A．Itisabehaviorknownasexternalself-talk.B．Theirself-talkfocusmoreonrecallingpastevents.C．Upsettingexperiencesmakepeoplewanttoresolvethem.D．Andeventuallytheirself-talkbecomesinternalizedasinnerspeech.E．Socialdisconnectionclearlystandsoutasoneofseveralkeyreasons.F．Thisbehavioriscommonlyseeninpeoplewhohavedifficultysocializing.G．Itisawaytoletotherpeopledirectlyorindirectlyknowwhatwearethinking.7(2025屆北京市海淀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題)Whenyouspendtimewithclosefriends,howdoyoufeel?Youmayfeellikeyoubelong.AccordingtotheOxforddictionary,belongingisdefinedasa“deepsenseofacceptance,inclusion,andidentificationwithinagroup,place,orcontext.”1Sincethebeginningofhumanevolution,peoplehaveconnectedwithothersinordertosurvive.Thisdesiretoformandgrowrelationshipsisrootedinthehumanbrain.2In1943,AbrahamMaslowwasthefirstpsychologisttowriteaboutbelongingasahumanneed.Histheory,theHierarchy(等級)ofNeeds,statesthathumansmustacquiretheirbasicneeds,suchasphysiological(生理上的)needsandneedsrelatedtosafety,beforetheycanbeginfulfillingotherhigher,morecomplexneeds,likebelongingordevelopingself-esteem.Anothergroundbreakingresearchaboutbelongingemergedin1995.MarkLearyandRoyBaumeisterfoundthathumanshaveauniversaldrivetobelong,whichmotivatestheirthoughtsandactions.Infact,thisdriveissoimportantthattheyargueditwasafundamentalhumanneed-notasecondaryneedinahierarchy.Theirlaterresearchexploredtheconnectionbetweenself-esteemandbelonging.Accordingtotheirresearch,self-esteemisnotjustabouthowpeoplefeelaboutthemselvesinternally.3Althoughfeelingconnectedtopeopleisimportantinmanysettings,itbecomesespeciallycriticalinschools.A2020researchanalysisfoundthatstudentswhodonotfeelasenseofbelongingatschoolareoftensearchingforthreatsintheirenvironmentthatsignalwhethertheyarewelcomeornot.4This,inturn,cancausepooreracademicperformance.Itcanalsodiscouragestudentsfromformingdeeperrelationships.So,astudent’sfeelingofbelongingisvitalfortheirlearning.5Researcherswillcontinuetoanalyzehowpersonality,culture,andevensocialmediashapehowconnectedwefeeltoothers.Withthisknowledge,peoplecancreateschoolsandcommunitieswheremorepeoplefeelincluded.Thatway,wecandevelopasocietythatisoverallhealthier,happier,andmoreconnected.A．Theymaydothingstoincreasetheirself-esteem.B．Thisstresscanuseupcognitiveresourcesneededforlearning.C．Belongingisacomplexthingbecauseitisinfluencedbymanyfactors.D．Overtheyears,researchershavebeenexploringthissubjectivefeeling.E．Feelinglikeyoubelongcanactuallyimprovemanyaspectsofyourlife.F．Itactuallyservesasawarningsignalthatmeasureshowmuchpeoplefeelaccepted.G．Whenyouseeyourselfwellsuitedtoaspecificenvironment,youfeelvaluedandrespected.8(2025屆北京市西城區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題)Inourfast-paced,technology-drivenworld,theactofeatinghastransformedfromamindfulpracticetoanoftenhurriedanddistracted(分心的)activity.Distractedeating,characterizedbyconsumingfoodwhileengaginginotheractivitiessuchaswatchingtelevision,scrollingthroughsmartphones,orworkinga