五年（2021-2025）高考真題分類匯編PAGEPAGE1專題13閱讀表達(dá)(北京專用)五年考情（2021-2025）命題趨勢年份體裁詞數(shù)話題考點分布細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)推斷表達(dá)主旨表達(dá)猜詞表達(dá)開放思考2025記敘文278兩位青少年發(fā)揮想象力并付諸實踐的故事30001選材多元，題型設(shè)計從簡單信息提取轉(zhuǎn)向復(fù)雜信息整合，要求結(jié)合語境分析修辭、句式效果，強化與現(xiàn)實關(guān)聯(lián)?？疾樽⒅馗唠A思維，通過設(shè)置開放性問題考查思維深度。2024記敘文268追求科學(xué)研究的獨立過程中成長的故事300012023記敘文280習(xí)慣是如何形成的以及對人的影響。300012022記敘文286發(fā)明一種適合所有年齡的人們可以喝的無糖的健康飲料300012021說明文322解決爭執(zhí)減情緒負(fù)擔(dān)30001(2025·北京·高考)There’ssomethingmagicalaboutthewayimaginationworks.Aroundtheworld,kidsareusingimaginationinwaysthatwereonceonlyfoundinsciencefiction.TakethestoryofMarkLee.Helovedbikingaroundhisneighbourhoodbutgrewupsetseeingthatmanyplasticbottleslitteredtheparksandsidewalks.Insteadofsimplycomplaining,hedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Usinganold3Dprinter,Markstartedexperimenting.Hemelted(熔化)plasticbottlesdownandtriedshapingthemintosmallbricks.Atfirst,everythingwentwrong—theplasticbroke,theprinterjammed,andthepiecesdidn’tfittogether.Friendslaughedalittle,andevenMark’sparentsthoughtheshouldjustgiveup.ButMarkhadadifferentidea.Heredesignedthebrickstolocktogetherlikepuzzle(拼圖)piecesandadjustedtheheatingtemperaturecarefully.Aftermonthsoftrialanderror,hesucceeded.Withalittlehelpfromhisschoolandthelocalcommunitycentre,Markusedhisbrickstobuildasmallbikeshelterforhisneighbourhood.Andhe’snotalone.Thirteen-year-oldSallyCarterlovedreadingfantasybooks.Inspiredbymagicalmapsinherstories,shewondered:whatifwecouldbuildareal-worldappthathelpspeopleexplorehiddenplacesintheirowncities?Shegatheredfriends,learnedsomebasicprogramming,andtogethertheycreatedanappthatmapssmalllocalparksandgardensfewpeopleknewabout.Theirappquicklygrewpopularintownandevenwonalocalyouthinnovationaward.Nexttimeyouseeayoungpersonlostinthought,don’trushtopullthemback.Theymightjustbeimaginingthenextgreatidea.40.WhatupsetMarkwhenhewasbikingaroundhisneighbourhood?_____________________________________________________________41.HowdoestheappcreatedbySallyandherfriendshelp?_____________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Withencouragementfromhisfriendsandparents,Markbuiltasmallbikeshelterforhisneighbourhoodaftermonthsoftrialanderror._____________________________________________________________43.HowcanyouputyourimaginationintopracticeasMarkandSallydid?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________【答案】40.Seeingthatmanyplasticbottleslitteredtheparksandsidewalks.41.Ithelpspeopleexplorehiddenplaceslikesmalllocalparksandgardensintheirowncities.42.Accordingtothepassage,friendslaughedalittle,andevenMark’sparentsthoughtheshouldjustgiveup；sothispartWithencouragementfromhisfriendsandparentsisfalse.43.First,identifyaproblemoranidea.Then,experimentbravely,learnrelevantskillsifneeded,andkeeptryingdespitedifficulties.【主題】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了MarkLee和SallyCarter兩位青少年發(fā)揮想象力并付諸實踐的故事，鼓勵年輕人積極發(fā)揮想象力。40.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Helovedbikingaroundhisneighbourhoodbutgrewupsetseeingthatmanyplasticbottleslitteredtheparksandsidewalks.(他喜歡在社區(qū)里騎自行車，但看到公園和人行道上到處都是塑料瓶，他很沮喪。)”可知，讓Mark沮喪的是看到公園和人行道上有很多塑料瓶。故填Seeingthatmanyplasticbottleslitteredtheparksandsidewalks.41.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段“whatifwecouldbuildareal-worldappthathelpspeopleexplorehiddenplacesintheirowncities?Shegatheredfriends,learnedsomebasicprogramming,andtogethertheycreatedanappthatmapssmalllocalparksandgardensfewpeopleknewabout.(如果我們能開發(fā)一個現(xiàn)實世界的應(yīng)用程序，幫助人們探索他們自己城市里隱藏的地方會怎么樣呢？她召集了朋友們，學(xué)習(xí)了一些基本的編程知識，然后他們一起開發(fā)了一個應(yīng)用程序，該程序可以繪制出很少有人知道的當(dāng)?shù)匦」珗@和花園的地圖。)”可知，Sally和她朋友創(chuàng)建的應(yīng)用程序幫助人們探索自己城市里像小公園和花園這樣隱藏的地方。故填I(lǐng)thelpspeopleexplorehiddenplaceslikesmalllocalparksandgardensintheirowncities.42.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“Friendslaughedalittle,andevenMark’sparentsthoughtheshouldjustgiveup.(朋友們有點嘲笑，甚至Mark的父母都認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該放棄。)”可知，Mark并沒有得到朋友和父母的鼓勵，所以“Withencouragementfromhisfriendsandparents”這部分是錯誤的。故填A(yù)ccordingtothepassage,friendslaughedalittle,andevenMark’sparentsthoughtheshouldjustgiveup.”；sothispartWithencouragementfromhisfriendsandparentsisfalse.”43.【解析】考查開放性試題。結(jié)合Mark和Sally故事，他們都是先發(fā)現(xiàn)問題或有想法，然后勇敢嘗試，必要時學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)技能，面對困難堅持不懈。故填First,identifyaproblemoranidea.Then,experimentbravely,learnrelevantskillsifneeded,andkeeptryingdespitedifficulties.(2024·北京·高考)Growingup,Iidealisedindependence.Ialwayswantedmyowneffortstobeenough.WhenIdecidedtopursueapostgraduatedegree,Iwantedtodevelopanovelresearchprogrammeandquicklyestablishmyselfasanindependentscientist.ButIwasunrealisticallyoptimisticaboutwhatIcouldachieve.AsIbegandesigningexperiments,mycommitteememberswarnedmeaboutthechallengesIwouldface.Butmyneedforindependencedrovemetopushforwardwithmyresearchplan.Asaresult,thefirstfouryearsofmypostgraduatecareerweredefinedbyaseriesoffailures.Duringmysecondyear,Ifailedmycomprehensiveexambecausemyproposalwasunclear.Duringmythirdyear,Idiscoveredthataftertreatingthousandsofseeds,IobtainedjustoneplantIcoulduseforexperiments.Bymyfourthyear,mydesperationtosucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.MyadviserandIdevised(想出)asomewhatunusualsolution:Iwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaborating(合作的)labtoobtainspecialisedtraining.Iworkedextensivelywithotherstudents,constantlyaskedquestions,andhelpedwithongoingprojectstolearneverythingIcould.Finally,Iconductedanelegantexperimentthatwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofthemembersinthelab.Myadvisersawthisexperienceasagroundbreakingsuccess,emphasisingthecollaboratingskillsIacquired.Afewmonthslater,whenIrepeatedtheexperimentinmyhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.Bylearningwhentoaskforhelp,Ieventuallyfoundmyselfonthewaytobecominganindependentscientist.40.Inthebeginning,whatdrovetheauthortopushforwardwiththeresearchplan?___________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whatwasthesolutionbytheadviserandtheauthorafterthoserepeatedfailures?____________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Theadviserconsideredtheauthor’sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproduced.___________________________________________________________________________________________43.Fromthisstory,whatcanyoulearnabout“independence”?(Inabout40words)___________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Theneedtoberecognizedasanindependentscientist.41.Theauthorwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaboratinglabtoobtainspecialisedtraining.42.Theadviserconsideredtheauthor’sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproduced.Itisbecausetheauthorhadacquiredthecollaboratingskillsbyworkingwithotherstheresothattheadviserconsideredtheauthor’sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccess.43.Inthestorysuccessinbecominganindependentscientistwasultimatelyachievedthroughcollaboration,adaptivelearning,andresilienceinthefaceofsetbacks.Fromthestory,welearnthatwhileindependenceisinitiallyidealisedandpursuedpassionately,trueindependenceofteninvolvesrecognizingthevalueofcollaborationandlearningthantoseekhelp.(答案言之有理即可)【主題】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在追求科學(xué)研究的獨立過程中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)、失敗、學(xué)習(xí)和成長的故事。40.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“AsIbegandesigningexperiments,mycommitteememberswarnedmeaboutthechallengesIwouldface.Butmyneedforindependencedrovemetopushforwardwithmyresearchplan.(當(dāng)我開始設(shè)計實驗時，我的委員會成員警告我，我將面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。但是我對獨立的需求驅(qū)使我推進(jìn)我的研究計劃)”可知，一開始，是作者對獨立的需求驅(qū)使作者推進(jìn)這個研究計劃。故答案為：Theneedtoberecognizedasanindependentscientist.41.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“MyadviserandIdevised(想出)asomewhatunusualsolution:Iwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaborating(合作的)labtoobtainspecialisedtraining.(我的導(dǎo)師和我想出了一個有點不同尋常的解決方案：我將在一個合作實驗室里待上三個月，接受專門培訓(xùn))”可知，在反復(fù)的失敗之后，導(dǎo)師和作者的解決方案是，作者將花三個月的時間在合作實驗室接受專門培訓(xùn)。故答案為：Theauthorwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaboratinglabtoobtainspecialisedtraining.42.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“Myadvisersawthisexperienceasagroundbreakingsuccess,emphasisingthecollaboratingskillsIacquired.Afewmonthslater,whenIrepeatedtheexperimentinmyhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.(我的導(dǎo)師認(rèn)為這段經(jīng)歷是一次開創(chuàng)性的成功，強調(diào)了我獲得的合作技能。幾個月后，當(dāng)我在家里的實驗室里重復(fù)這個實驗時，我得到了更多可發(fā)表的數(shù)據(jù))”可知，導(dǎo)師認(rèn)為作者在實驗室的經(jīng)歷是一次開創(chuàng)性的成功，這是因為作者通過與他人合作獲得了合作技能，而不是因為產(chǎn)生了可發(fā)表的數(shù)據(jù)。故答案：Theadviserconsideredtheauthor’sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproduced.Itisbecausetheauthorhadacquiredthecollaboratingskillsbyworkingwithotherstheresothattheadviserconsideredtheauthor’sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccess.43.【解析】開放性問題。答案言之有理即可。通讀全文可知，作者成為一名獨立科學(xué)家的成功最終是通過合作、適應(yīng)性學(xué)習(xí)和面對挫折的韌性來實現(xiàn)的。從這個故事中，我們了解到，雖然獨立最初是理想化的，并被熱情地追求，但真正的獨立往往包括認(rèn)識到合作的價值，并學(xué)會何時尋求幫助。故答案為：Inthestory,successinbecominganindependentscientistwasultimatelyachievedthroughcollaboration,adaptivelearning,andresilienceinthefaceofsetbacks.Fromthestory,welearnthatwhileindependenceisinitiallyidealisedandpursuedpassionately,trueindependenceofteninvolvesrecognizingthevalueofcollaborationandlearningwhentoseekhelp.(2023·北京·高考)Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(觸發(fā))bythesecues.A“habitloop(環(huán))”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40．Howarehabitsbuilt?41．Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.43．Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)【答案】40．Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.41．Aroutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviourwhileahabitisadeep﹣rootedurge.42．Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.Becausebuildingahealthyhabittakesmanymonths.43．Ihaveagoodhabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.Therefore,Icanstudyenergeticallyeverymorning,whichmakesmestudyefficiently.Also,Iamveryhealthy.【主題】這是一篇說明文。習(xí)慣的形成是行為自動形成的過程。人們在探索世界的過程中養(yǎng)成了無數(shù)的習(xí)慣，不管他們是否意識到這些習(xí)慣。文章主要說明了習(xí)慣是如何形成的以及對人的影響。40．【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中“Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.(習(xí)慣是通過學(xué)習(xí)和重復(fù)建立起來的)”可知，習(xí)慣是通過學(xué)習(xí)和重復(fù)建立起來的。故填Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.。41．【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中“Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.(雖然一個常規(guī)包括重復(fù)的行為，但它不一定是為了應(yīng)對深度﹣根深蒂固的沖動，就像習(xí)慣一樣)”可知，常規(guī)不同于習(xí)慣在于：常規(guī)是重復(fù)的行為，而習(xí)慣是深度﹣根深蒂固的沖動，故填A(yù)routineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviourwhileahabitisadeep﹣rootedurge.。42．【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.(雖然你可以在幾周內(nèi)養(yǎng)成一個新的習(xí)慣，但是要養(yǎng)成一個健康的習(xí)慣卻需要好幾個月的時間)”可知，養(yǎng)成一個新的習(xí)慣需要好幾周，而要養(yǎng)成一個健康的習(xí)慣卻需要好幾個月的時間。所以句子“Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.”中“ashortertime”錯誤，應(yīng)該為manymonths，故填Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.Becausebuildingahealthyhabittakesmanymonths.。43．【解析】開放試題，言之有理即可。題干問“你的一個好習(xí)慣給你帶來了什么好處？（大約40個字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好習(xí)慣。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地學(xué)習(xí)，這使我學(xué)習(xí)效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I(lǐng)haveagoodhabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.Therefore,Icanstudyenergeticallyeverymorning,whichmakesmestudyefficiently.Also,Iamveryhealthy.。(2022·北京·高考)Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.Thebottleismadewithastrainer(濾網(wǎng))thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily’ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”40.WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?___________________________________________________________________________________________41.WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?___________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.___________________________________________________________________________________________AmongTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)___________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykidsathisownschool.41.Tomgottheideafromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.42.TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.TomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOHG.43.Ithinkthequalityofperspicacitywillbeimportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconstantlyfindourownshortcomingsinourlives,whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)【主題】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述15歲的湯姆看到自己學(xué)校的學(xué)生喝含糖的飲料，隨后發(fā)明了一種適合所有年齡的人們可以喝的無糖的健康飲料。40.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（湯姆，一個15歲的發(fā)明家和企業(yè)家，在他自己的學(xué)校目睹了孩子們大量消費含糖飲料）可知，作為15歲的發(fā)明家和創(chuàng)業(yè)者，湯姆在學(xué)校目睹了孩子們廣泛消費含糖飲料。故答案為Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykidsathisownschool.41.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句中“Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusions”（湯姆看著他的媽媽制作健康的水果飲料）第二句“Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.”（從觀察他的母親和他要給孩子們更好的飲料選擇的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的FunBottle）可知，湯姆在觀察母親制作水果飲料的過程中得到啟發(fā)，才有了FunBottle的原始模型。故答案為Tomgottheideafromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.42.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中“butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).”（但是這個15歲的孩子最感到自豪的是FunBottle帶給其他人的機會。它有助于對含糖飲料提供健康的替代品。而且湯姆還捐贈了部分利潤為一個名為OHG的組織）可知，湯姆把自己產(chǎn)品的部分利潤，并非全部利潤，捐給了OHG。所以錯誤在于“alltheprofits”，應(yīng)修改為“partoftheprofits”，故答案為TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.TomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOHG.43.【解析】開放題，言之有理即可。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（湯姆，一個15歲的發(fā)明家和企業(yè)家，在他自己的學(xué)校目睹了孩子們廣泛消費含糖飲料）第二段中““Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.”（“我想出一種健康、自然的方式，讓人們在旅途中喝。我的一大任務(wù)就是讓所有年齡段的人都不再喝含糖飲料,”湯姆解釋說）可知，湯姆在看到學(xué)生喝含糖的飲料時，他想到要發(fā)明出一種適合所有年齡段都能喝的不含糖的飲料，可推知，湯姆是一個很有聰穎的，有洞察力的人。這種洞察力在我們的生活中可以幫助我們不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的不足，進(jìn)而幫助我們提升自己。故答案為：Ithinkthequalityofperspicacityimisportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconstantlyfindourownshortcomingsinourlives,whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)(2021·北京·高考)Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends，familymembers，orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback．Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting．Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起）anger．Fighting，however，usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks，raisingofvoices，andstormingout．Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth．Inastudy，2.000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow．Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved，theyhadhalfthereactivity（情緒反應(yīng)）ofthosewhoavoidedanargument．Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions．Inotherwords，resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf．Onedaylater，peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument．Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution——andyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed．Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．Itiseasiertoavoidadiscussion，butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroutcome．40.Accordingtothispassage，whatisarguing？___________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whyisitthat“theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument”？___________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlineitandexplainwhy．Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．___________________________________________________________________________________________43.Inadditiontoimprovingemotionalhealth，whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherbenefitsofresolvinganargument？（Inabout40words）___________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Arguingisdiscussingyourworries，relatedfeelingsandproblemswiththeotherparty．41.Itisbecausemorelifeexperiencemayhelppeoplebetteridentifyprioritiesinlife．42.Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．Resolvingargumentshelpstodecreaseyourreactivity．43.Resolvingargumentscanalsoimprovepeople'slogicalthinkingandresilience,andimprovetheirrelationshipwitheachother.（——★參考答案★——）【主題】這是一篇說明文。最近的研究表明，如果爭吵得到解決，與之相關(guān)的情緒反應(yīng)會顯著減少或幾乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同學(xué)提出問題可能是值得的，而不是阻止他們。40.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．”（爭論是你和你的對手提出你的擔(dān)憂，并討論與這些擔(dān)憂相關(guān)的感受和問題。）可知，爭論是提出你的擔(dān)憂，并討論與這些擔(dān)憂相關(guān)的感受和問題。故答案為Arguingisdiscussingyourworries，relatedfeelingsandproblemswiththeotherparty．41.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．”（而且，年紀(jì)越大，越有可能在爭吵后找到解決辦法。這可能是因為更多的生活經(jīng)歷通常會導(dǎo)致更明確的優(yōu)先事項。你更有可能區(qū)分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活經(jīng)驗可以幫助人們更好地確定生活中的優(yōu)先事項。故答案填I(lǐng)tisbecausemorelifeexperiencemayhelppeoplebetteridentifyprioritiesinlife．42.【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．”（如果爭吵得到解決，與之相關(guān)的情緒反應(yīng)會顯著減少或幾乎）可知，解決爭吵可以改善你的情緒健康，因為它增加你的反應(yīng)，減少你生氣的機會。解決爭論有助于降低你的反應(yīng)性，而不是增加你的反應(yīng)力。故答案為Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．Resolvingargumentshelpstodecreaseyourreactivity．43.【解析】考查開放思維。解決爭吵也可以提高人們的邏輯思維能力和應(yīng)變能力，使得相互之間的關(guān)系得到升華。故可能答案版本一為Resolvingargumentscanalsoimprovepeople'slogicalthinkingandresilience,andimprovetheirrelationshipwitheachother.1(2025屆北京市第八中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期熱身練英語試題)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Hoganwasoneofthegreatestgolfersofthe20thcentury,anaccomplishmentheachievedthroughtirelesspractice.Forhim,everypracticesessionhadapurpose.Hespentyearsbreakingdowneachphaseofthegolfswingandtestingnewmethodsforeachpart.Theresultwasnearperfection.Hoganfinishedhiscareerwithninemajorchampionships.Duringhisprime,othergolfersattributedhisremarkablesuccessto“Hogan’ssecret”.Today,expertshaveanewtermforhisstyleofimprovement:deliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticereferstoaspecialtypeofpracticethatispurposefulandsystematic.Whileregularpracticemightincludemindlessrepetitions,deliberatepracticerequiresfocusedattentionandisconductedwiththespecificgoalofimprovingperformance.WhenHogancarefullyreconstructedeachstepofhisgolfswing,hewasengagingindeliberatepractice.Hewasfinelytuninghistechnique.Thegreatestchallengeofdeliberatepracticeistoremainfocused.Inthebeginning,showingupandputtinginyourrepeatedpracticeisthemostimportantthing.Butafterawhilewebegintocarelesslyoverlooksmallerrorsandmissdailyopportunitiesforimprovement.Thisisbecausethenaturaltendencyofthehumanbrainistotransformrepeatedbehaviorsintoautomatichabits.Themorewerepeatatask,themoremindlessitbecomes.Mindlessactivityistheenemyofdeliberatepractice.Thedangerofpracticingthesamethingagainandagainisthatprogressbecomesassumed.Toooften,weassumewearegettingbettersimplybecausewearegainingexperience.Inreality,wearemerelyreinforcingourcurrenthabits—notimprovingthem.Deliberatepracticealwaysfollowsthesamepattern:breaktheoverallprocessdownintoparts,identifyyourweaknesses,testnewstrategiesforeachsection,andthenintegrateyourlearningintotheoverallprocess.Deliberatepracticedoesnotmeanthatyoucanfashionyourselfintoanythingwithenoughworkandeffort,though.Whilehumanbeingsdopossessaremarkableabilitytodeveloptheirskills,genesputlimitsonhowfaranyindividualcango.Butgeneticsdonotdetermineperformance.Itisdeliberatepracticethatcanhelpusmaximizeourpotential.Itturnspotentialintoreality.1．Whatisdeliberatepracticeaccordingtothepassage?2．Whatisthedangerofmindlessrepetition?3．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Accordingtothepassage,wepossessaremarkableabilitytodevelopourskills,sowecanachieveanysuccessthroughdeliberatepractice.4．Useanexampletoshowhowyouwillusedeliberatepracticetodevelopyourskills?(Inabout40words)【答案】1．Deliberatepracticereferstoaspecialtypeofpracticethatispurposefulandsystematic.2．Thedangerofmindlessrepetitionisthatprogressbecomesassumed.3．Accordingtothepassage,