絕密★啟用前2025年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)（二）（科目代碼：204）◎考生注意事項(xiàng)◎定位置上填寫報(bào)考單位、考生姓名和考生編號(hào)，并涂寫考生編號(hào)信息點(diǎn)。紙、試題冊(cè)上答題無(wú)效。楚；涂寫部分必須使用2B鉛筆填涂。4．考試結(jié)束，將答題卡和試題冊(cè)按規(guī)定交回。（以下信息考生必須認(rèn)真填寫）考生編號(hào)考生姓名2022025英語(yǔ)二)題 第10頁(yè) 共3）2025年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英 語(yǔ)（二）SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Therearemanyunderstandablereasonswhyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelpwhenyouneedit.Psychologistshavebeeninterestedinthis1fordecades,notleastbecausepeople'swidespread2toaskforhelphasledtosomehigh-profilefailures.Askingforhelptakes3.Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpartthere'ssomethingyoucan'tdo.4,you'rebroadcastingyourownweakness,whichcanbe5.mighthave6aboutlosingcontrolofwhateveritisyouareaskingforhelpwith.7someonestartstohelp,perhapstheywilltakeover,orgetacreditforyourearlyefforts.another8thatyoumightbeworriedaboutisbeinganuisanceor9thepersonyougotoforhelp.Ifyoustrugglewithlowself-esteem,youmightfinditespeciallydifficultto10forhelpbecauseyouhavetheaddedworryoftheotherpersonyourrequest.mightseesuchrefusalsasimplyingsomething12aboutthestatusofyourrelationshipwiththem.To13thesedifficulties,trytoremindyourselfthateveryoneneedshelpsometimes.Nobodyknowseverythingandcandoeverythingallbythemselves.Andwhileyoumight14comingacrossasincompetent,there'sactuallyresearchthatshowsthatadvice-seekersare15asmorecompetent,notless.Perhapsmostencouragingofallisapaperfrom2022byresearchersatStanfordUniversity,inCalifornia,thatinvolvedamixofcontrivedhelp-seekinginteractionsandaskingpeopleto16timesthey’dsoughthelpinthepast.Thefindingsshowedthathelp-seekersgenerallyunderestimatedhow17otherpeoplewillbetohelpandhowgooditwillmakethehelp-giverfeel(formostpeople,havingthechancetohelpsomeoneishighly18).Sobearallthisinmindthenexttimeyouneedtoaskforhelp.19,takecareoverwhoyouaskandwhenyouaskthem.Andifsomeonecan'thelprightavoidtakingitpersonally.Theymightjustbetoo20,ortheymightnotfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelp.1.[A]illusion[B]discussion[C]tradition[D]question2.[A]reluctance[B]ambition[C]tendency[D]enthusiasm3.[A]attention[B]talent[C]courage[D]patience4.[A]Atanytime[B]Inotherwords[C]Byallmeans[D]Onthecontrary5.[A]unrealistic[B]deceptive[C]tiresome[D]uncomfortable6.[A]doubts[B]concerns[C]suggestions[D]secrets7.[A]Once[B]Unless[C]Although[D]Before8.[A]theory[B]choice[C]factor[D]context9.[A]overpraising[B]outperforming[C]reassessing[D]inconveniencing10.[A]reachout[B]settledown[C]turnover[D]lookback[A]declining[B]considering[C]strange[D]evaluating12.[A]unnecessary[B]negative[C]strange[D]impractical13.[A]explain[B]identify[C]predict[D]overcome14.[A]deny[B]forget[C]miss[D]fear15.[A]disguised[B]perceived[C]followed[D]introduced16.[A]recall[B]classify[C]analyse[D]compare17.[A]brave[B]disapproving[C]willing[D]hesitant18.[A]relaxing[B]surprising[C]rewarding[D]demanding19.[A]Thus[B]Also[C]Finally[D]Instead20.[A]polite[B]proud[C]busy[D]lazyPartADirections:

SectionII ReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)1U.S.Customershistoricallytippedpeopletheyassumedwereearningmostoftheirincomeviatips.Thisincludesrestaurantserversearninglessthantheminimumwage.Intheearly2010s,awiderangeofbusinessesstartedprocessingpurchasewithiPadsandotherdigitalpaymentsystems.Thesesystemsoftenpromptedcustomerstotipforservicesthatwerenotpreviouslytipped.tiprequiresarenotconnectedtothesalaryandservicenormsthatusedtodeterminewhenandhowpeopletip.Customersinthepastnearlyalwayspaidtipsafterreceivingaservice,suchasattheconclusionofarestaurantmealoraftergettingahaircutoronceyourpizzawasdelivered.Thattimingcouldrewardhigh-qualityserviceandgiveworkersanincentivetoprovideit.becomingmorecommonfortipstoberequestedbeforehand.Andnewtippingtechnologymayevenautomaticallyaddtips.Theprevalenceofdigitalpaymentdevicehasmadeiteasiertoaskcustomersforatip.Thathelpsexplainwhytiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindsofservices.Customersnowroutinelyseemenusofsuggesteddefaultoptionsoftenwellabove20%ofwhattheyowe.Theamountshaverisenfrom10%orlessin1950sto15%aroundtheyear2000to20%orhighertoday.Thisincreaseissometimescalledtipflationtheexpectationofever-highertipamounts.Tippinghasalwaysbeenavitalsourceofincomeforworkerinhistoricallytippedservices,likerestaurants,wherethetippedminimumwagecanbeaslowas$2.13anhour.Tipcreepandtipflationarenowfurthersupplementingtheincomeofmanylow-wageservicesworkers.Notably,tippingprimarilybenefitssomeoftheseworkers,suchaswaiters,butnotothers,suchascookersanddishwashers.ensurethatallemployeeswerepaidfairwages,somerestaurantsbannedtippingandincreasedprices,butthismovementtowardno-tippingserviceshaslargelyfizzledout.So,toincreaseemployeewageswithoutraisingprices,moreemployeesaresuccumbingtothetemptationsoftipcreepandtipflation.However,manycustomersarefrustratedbecausetheyfeeltheyarebeingaskedfortoohighofatip.And,asourresearchemphasizes,tippingnowseemstobemorecoercive,lessgenerousandoftencompletelydisassociatedfromservicequality.AccordingtoParagraph1,thepracticeoftipping .[A]wasregardedasasignofgenerosity[B]wasconsideredessentialforwaiters[C]wasawayofrewardingdiligence[D]wasoptionalinmostbusinessComparedwithtipsinthepast,today’stips .[A]arepaidmuchlessfrequently[B]arelessoftenrequestedinadvance[C]havelesstodowithservicequality[D]contributelesstoworker’sincomeTiprequestsarecreepingintonewservicesasaresultof .[A]theadvancementoftechnology[B]thedesireforincomeincreases[C]thediversificationofbusiness[D]theemergenceoftipflationThemovementtowardno-tippingserviceintendto .[A]promoteconsumption[B]enrichincomesources[C]maintainreasonableprice[D]guaranteeincomefairnessItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthattipping .[A]isbecomingaburdenforcustomers[B]helpsencouragequalityservice[C]isvitaltobusinessdevelopment[D]reflectstheneedtoreduceprices2Whenitwasestablished,theNationalHealthService(NHS)wasvisionary:offering20252025英語(yǔ)二)題第5頁(yè)共3）high-quality,timelycaretomeetthedominantneedsofthepopulationitserved.Nearly75yearson,withthecountryfacingverydifferenthealthchallenges,itisclearthatthemodelisoutofdate.Fromthelifeexpectancytocancerandinfantmortalityrates,wearelaggingbehindmanyofourpeers.morethan6.8milliononwaitlists,healthcareisbecomingincreasinglyinaccessibleforthosewhocannotopttopayforprivatetreatment,andthecostofprovidinghealthcareisincreasinglysqueezingourinvestmentinotherpublicservices.Asdemandforhealthcarecontinuestogrow,pressuresontheworkforce—whichisalreadynearbreakingpointwillonlybecomemoreacute.Manyoftheanswerstothecrisisinthehealthandcarearewellrehearsed.needtobemuchbetteratreducinganddivertingdemandonhealthservices,ratherthansimplymanagingit.Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedincommunitiesandprimarycaretoreduceourrelianceonhospitals.Andcapacityinsocialcareneedstobegreater,tosupportthegrowingnumberofpeoplelivingwithlong-termconditions.despitetwodecadesofstrategiesandnumberofmajorhealthreforms,wehavefailedtomakemeaningfulprogressonanyoftheseaims.ThatiswhytheReformthinktankislaunchinganewprogrammeofworkentitled“Reimagininghealth”,supportedbytenformerhealthministers.Together,wearecallingforamuchmoreopenandhonestconversationaboutthefutureofhealthintheUK,andon“urgentrethink”ofthehospital-centricmodelweretain.Thismustbeginwiththequestionofhowwemaximizethehealthofthenation,ratherthan“fix”theNHS.Itisestimated,forexample,thathealthcareaccountsforonlyabout20%ofhealthoutcomes.Muchmoreimportantaretheplaceswelive,workandsocializeyetthereisnoclearcross-governmentstrategyforimprovingthesesocialdeterminantsofhealth.whenpolicieslikethenationalobesitystrategyarescrapped,taxpayersareleftwiththeheftypricetagoftreatingtheillnesses,likediabetes,thatresult.Reformwantstoaskhowpowerandresourcesshouldbedistributedinourhealthsystem.Whathealthfunctionsshouldremainatthecentre,andwhatshouldbegiventolocalleaders,oftenresponsibleforservicesthatcreatehealth,andwithamuchbetterunderstandingoftheneedsoftheirpopulations?20252025英語(yǔ)二)題第6頁(yè)共3）Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theNHS .[A]istroubledbyfundingdeficiencies[B]canhardlysatisfypeople'sneeds[C]canbarelyretainitscurrentemployees[D]isrivaledbyprivatemedicalservicesOneanswertothecrisisinhealthandcareis .[A]boosttheefficiencyofhospitals[B]lightentheburdenonsocialcare[C]increaseresourcesforprimarycare[D]reducethepressureorcommunities“Reimagininghealth”isaimedto .[A]reinforcehospitalmanagement[B]readjusthealthcareregulations[C]restructurethehealthsystem[D]resumesuspendedhealthreformmaximizethenation'shealth,theauthorsuggests .[A]introducingrelevanttaxationpolicies[B]payingdueattentiontosocialfactors[C]reevaluatingmajorhealthoutcomes[D]enhancingthequalityofhealthcareItcanbeinferredthatlocalleadersshould .[A]exercisetheirpowermorereasonably[B]developastrongerresponsibility[C]playabiggerroleinthehealthsystem[D]understandpeople'shealthneedsbetter3Heatactionplans,orHAPs,havebeenproliferatinginIndiainthepastfewyears.Ingeneral,anHAPspellsoutwhenandhowofficialsshouldissueheatwarningsandalerthospitalsandotherinstitutions.Nagpur'splan,forinstance,callsforhospitalstosetaside“coldwards”inthesummerfortreatingheatstrokepatients,andadvisesbuilderstogiveconstructionlaborersabreakfromworkonveryhotdays.ButimplementationofexistingHAPshasbeenuneven,accordingtoareportfromthecenterforPolicyResearch.Manylackadequatefunding,itfound.Andtheirtriggeringthresholdsoftenarenotcustomizedtothelocalclimate.Insomeareas,highdaytimetemperaturesalonemightserveasanadequatetriggerforalerts.Butinotherplaces,nighttimetemperaturesorhumiditymightbeasimportantagaugeofriskasdaytimehighs.Mumbai’sAprilheatstrokedeathshighlightedtheneedformorenuancedandlocalizedwarnings,researchersThathightemperatureofroughly36°Cwas1°Cshyoftheheatwavealertthresholdforcoastalcitiessetbynationalmeteorologicalauthorities.Buttheeffectsoftheheatwereamplifiedbyhumidityanoftenneglectedfactorinheatalertsystemsandthelackofshadeatthelate-morningoutdoorceremony.helpimproveHAPs,urbanplannerKotharkar’steamisworkingonamodelplanthatoutlinesbestpracticesandcouldbeadaptedtolocalconditions.Amongotherthings,shesays,allcitiesshouldcreateavulnerabilitymaptohelpfocusresponsesonthepopulationsmostatrisk.Suchmappingdoesn’tneedtobecomplex,Kotharkarsays.“Ausefulmapcanbecreatedbylookingatevenafewkeyparameters.”Forexample,neighborhoodswithalargeelderlypopulationorinformaldwellingsthatcopepoorlywithheatcouldgetspecialwarningsorbebolsteredwithcoolingcenters.TheNagpurprojecthasalreadycreatedariskandvulnerabilitymap,whichenabledKotharkartotellofficialswhichneighborhoodstofocusonintheeventofaheatwavethissummer.HAPsshouldn’tjustincludeshort-termemergencyresponses,researchersbutalsorecommendmedium-tolong-termmeasuresthatcouldmakecommunitiescooler.InNagpur,forexample,Kotharkar’steamhasbeenabletoadvisecityofficialsaboutwheretoplanttreestoprovideshade.HAPscouldalsoguideeffortstoretrofithomesormodifybuildingregulations.“Reducingdeathsinanemergencyisgoodtargettohave,butthelowesttarget,”saysClimateresearchersChandniSingh..AccordingtoParagraph1,Nagpur'splanproposesmeasuresto .[A]tackleextremeweather[B]ensureconstructionquality[C]monitoremergencywarnings[D]addressexcessiveworkloadsOneproblemwithexistingHAPsisthatthey .[A]provetoocostlytobeimplemented[B]lacklocalizedalert-issuingcriteria[C]givedelayedresponsestoheatwaves[D]keephospitalsundergreatpressureMumbai'scaseshowsthatIndia'sheatalertsystemsneedto .[A]includeotherfactorsbesidestemperature[B]takesubtleweatherchangesintoaccount[C]prioritizepotentiallydisastrousheatwaves[D]drawfurthersupportfromlocalauthoritiesKotharkarholdsthatavulnerabilitymapcanhelp .[A]preventtheharmofhighhumidity[B]targetareasneedspecialattention[C]expandtheMaypurprojectscoverage[D]makereliefplansforheat-strickenpeopleAccordingtothelastparagraph,researcherssuggestthatheatactionplans(HAPs)should .[A]focusmoreontheheatstroketreatment[B]invitewiderpublicparticipation[C]applyformoregovernmentgrants[D]serveabroaderrangeofpurposes4Navigatingbeyondtheorganizedpavementsandparksofoururbanspaces,desirepathsaretheunofficialfootprintsofacommunity,revealingtheunspokenpreferences,sharedshortcutsandcollectivechoicesofhumans.Oftenappearingastroddendirttracksthroughotherwiseneatgreenspaces,theseroutesofcollectivedisobediencecutcorners,bisectlawnsandtraversehills,representingthenaturalcapabilityofpeople(andanimals)togofrompointAtopointBmosteffectively.Urbanplannersinterpretdesirepathsasmorethanjustconvenientshortcuts;theyoffervaluableinsightsintothedynamicsbetweenplanningandbehavior.OhioStateUniversityalloweditsstudentstonavigatetheOval,alawninthecentreofcampus,freely,thenproceededtopavethedesirepaths,creatingawebofeffectiveroutesstudentshadestablished.reluctancepersistsamongotherplannerstointegratedesirepathsintoformalplans,citingconcernsaboutsafety,environmentalimpact,orprimarily,aesthetics.ARedditwebpagedevotedtothephenomenon,boastingnearly50,000members,showcasesimagesoflocaldesirepathsadoredwithsignsinstructingpedestrianstoadheretodesignatewalkways,underscoringtherebelliousnatureinherentinthesehuman-madetracks.Thisclashhighlightcanongoingstrugglebetweentheorganic,user-drivenevolutionofpublicspacesandthedesireforavisuallycuratedandcontrolledurbanenvironment.TheWickquasgeckTrailisanexampleofahistoricaldesirepath,createdbyNativeAmericanstotraversetheforestsofManhattanandmovebetweensettlementsquickly.Thistrail,whenDutchcolonistsarrived,waswidenedandmadeintooneofthemaintraderoadsacrosstheisland,knownatthetimeasdeHeereStraat,orGentlemen'sStreet.FollowingtheBritishassumptionofcontrolinNewthestreetwasrenamedBroadway.Notably,BroadwaystandsoutasoneofthefewareasinNYCthatdefiesthegrid-basedsystemappliedtotherestofthecuttingadiagonalacrosspartsoftheInonlinespaces,desirepathshavesparkedafascinationthatcanapproachobsession,withtheRedditpageservingasahub.Contributorsofferawidearrayofstories,fromlittle-knownnewshortcutstolong-establishedalternateroutes.Animaldesirepaths,suchasducksforgingtrailsthroughfrozenpondsordogscarvingdirectroutesingardens,highlighttheadaptabilityofthesetrailsinbothhumanandanimalexperiences.Asdesirepathscriss-crossthroughbothphysicalandvirtual1andscapes,theystandasatestamenttothecollectiveinsistenceonforgingunconventionalroutesandembracingthespiritofcommunalchoice..AccordingtoParagraph1,desirepathsarearesultof_ .[A]thecuriositytoexploresurroundinghills[B]thenecessitytopreservegreenspaces[C]thetendencytopursueconvenience[D]thewishtofindcomfortinsolitudeItcanbeinferredthatOhioStateUniversity__.[A]intendstoimproveitsdesirepaths[B]leadsintheresearchondesirepaths[C]guidesthecreationofitsdesirepaths[D]takesapositiveviewofdesirepathsTheimagesontheRedditwebpagereflect.[A]conflictingopinionsontheuseofdesirepaths[B]thecalltoupgradethedesigningofpublicspaces[C]thedemandforproperplanningofdesirepaths[D]growingconcernsoverthelossofpublicspacesTheexampleoftheWickquasgeckTrailillustrates .[A]thegrowthofNewCity[B]theDutchoriginofdesirepaths[C]theimportanceofurbanplanning[D]therecognitionofdesirepathsItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatdesirepaths.[A]revealhumans’deeprespectfornature[B]arecrucialtohumans'mentalwellbeing[C]areahumanimitationofanimalbehaviour[D]showasharedtraitinhumansandanimalsPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Staypositive[B]Respectthepast[C]Usechannels[D]Giveitatime[E]Inviteresistance[F]Beasalesman[G]Behumblegainbuy-inonaninnovative,newidea,followthesesteps:41 Greatideasdon’tstandalone.Inotherwords,youcan’tmentionyoursuggestiononceandexpectittobeadopted.seeachange,you'llneedtochampionyourplanandsellitsmerits.Inaddition,youneedtobewillingtostanduptoscrutinyandcriticismandbepreparedtoexplainyourinnovationindifferentwaysforvariousaudiences.42 Sometimesitmakessensetogotoyourbossfirst.Butothertimes,it'susefultobuildacoalitionamongyourco-workersorotherstakeholders.Whenitworks,itworksgreatbecauseyou'rereadyforyoustubbornsupervisor’spushbackwithanswerslike,"Actually,Iconnectedwithafewpeopleinourdepartmenttodiscusshowmuchtimethesekindsofwebsiteswouldtake,andtheysuggestedtheyhavethebandwidth."43 Oneofthebiggestbarrierstogainingbuy-Inoccurswhentheownerofanideaisviewedasargumentative,defensive,orclose-mind.Becauselet'sbehonest:Noonelikesknow-it-all.So,ifpeopledisagreewithyou,don’tbeindignant.Instead,listentotheirconcernsfully,trytounderstandtheirperspective,andincludetheirconcerns(andpossibleremedies)infuturediscussions.So,insteadofsaying,“Martha,ourcurrentsloganisconfusingandshouldbeupdate,"youcould“Martharaisesagreatpointpointthatourcurrentsloganhasalonghistoryforourstakeholders,butIwonderifwemightbeabletobrainstormataglineonthatandbeclearerfornewcustomers."44 Newideasarethegrandchildrenofoldones.Inotherwords,don'tthrowoldsolutionsunderthebustomakeyourimprovementstandout.Rememberthatinlightofwhatevertheproblemtheoldsystemsolvedor,maybe,hasfailedtosolveinrecentmemoryitwasagreatideaatthetime.Appreciatingtheoldercontributionsasyousuggestfutureinnovationshelpsbolsterthecredibilityofyoursidea.45 Whenpitchinganewidea,it'simportanttousethelanguageofabundanceinsteadofdeficit.Insteadofsayingwhatiswrong,broken,orsub-optimal,talkaboutwhatisright,fixableorideal.Forexample,“Icanseelotsofapplicationsforthisnewapproac