BOOK6Unit4Globalwarming重點(diǎn)詞匯總結(jié)pare:比較，對(duì)比；pareAtoB:把A比作B；pareAwithB:把A與B進(jìn)行比較；Weoftenparechildrentoflowers.eabout:發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生（沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后跟that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句）；區(qū)別：happen:(偶然)發(fā)生，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，較多用來(lái)指某個(gè)事件的突然發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)其偶然性，主語(yǔ)往往是事件，事故等。takeplace:“發(fā)生，舉行”，常指有計(jì)劃安排的事情的發(fā)生與進(jìn)行，不含偶然性。eabout:側(cè)重于指事件發(fā)生的原因，常與how連用。breakout:發(fā)生，爆發(fā)，常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病或爭(zhēng)吵等事件的發(fā)生，也可以表示突然大聲叫喊。osb.that指偶然發(fā)生，也指計(jì)劃發(fā)生某事，還表示突然想到，常用于itoccurstosb.that…結(jié)構(gòu)中。eon:加油eup:過(guò)來(lái)eacross:偶遇，遇到ealong:進(jìn)展eround:恢復(fù)知覺(jué)，蘇醒eupwith:提出Ieacrossthechildrensleepingunderthebridge.Howdiditeaboutthatyouwereanhourlate?subscribe:同意，捐助，訂閱；subscribefor:訂閱，認(rèn)購(gòu)；subscribeto:贊同，同意訂購(gòu)（報(bào)刊，雜志）Areyougoingtosubscribetotheoperathisseason?你要購(gòu)買這一季的歌劇票嗎？Hedidnotsubscribetomyproposal?他不贊同我的建議。quantitiesof:大量的，許多的；aquantityof:許多的，大量的；inquantity:大量的，許多的；inlargequantities:大量的quantitiesof與aquantityof區(qū)別：二者都有“大量的”意思，即可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但用法有區(qū)別。quantitiesof后無(wú)論跟可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)；aquantityof的謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)其后的名詞而定，跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Lucypickedaquantityofflowersfromhergarden.Quantitiesofwaterweredeliveredthere.5.resultin:導(dǎo)致；asaresult:結(jié)果，因此；asaresultof:作為……的結(jié)果；withoutresult:毫無(wú)結(jié)果；resultfrom:由于Aseriesoftrafficaccidentsresultedfromhisdrunkdriving.Hisdrunkdrivingresultedinaseriesoftrafficaccidents.range:范圍（尤指從……到……各種種類，可供選擇的范圍等，可加不定冠詞）；種類outof/beyondtherange:超出……范圍；outofone’srange:某人能力達(dá)不到；in/withintherangeof:在……范圍之類；awiderangeof:一系列；afullrangeof:各種；rangefrom…to…范圍涉及……到……Theshopkeepsawiderangeofgoods.Therangeofthepriceisfromsixtytoonehundred.theamountof:……的量；theamountofmoney:錢數(shù)；theamountofprofit:利潤(rùn)額（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）；anamountof:相當(dāng)數(shù)量的；一些（該詞后面接不可數(shù)名詞，與anumberof不同）；inlarge/smallamount:大量地、少量地三、重點(diǎn)句型總結(jié)Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbeingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地球正在變暖，而且全球變暖是人為的，而不是一種隨機(jī)的自然現(xiàn)象。Thereisnodoubtthat…毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……（主句為否定時(shí)，名詞doubt的同位語(yǔ)從句使用連詞whether）Idoubt…我懷疑……（主句為肯定時(shí)及物動(dòng)詞doubt后面的連詞用whether或if;主句為否定時(shí)，doubt之后的賓語(yǔ)從句用that）Ihavenodoubtthatyouwillsucceed.Idoubtwhetherhewilletotheparty.2.Withoutthe‘greenhouseeffect’,theearthwouldbeaboutthirtythreedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.這是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，withoutthegreenhouseeffect可以改寫成’iftherewasnogreenhouseeffect形式的虛擬條件句。Withouther,Iwouldnothavemanagedit.Withouttheoxygen,lifecouldnotexist.Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.本句中agree后跟的是一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Itis…that…是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)theburningofmoreandmorefossilfuels.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是對(duì)句子的成分而不是某個(gè)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))比較：Itisasmallvillagewherehewasborn.(定語(yǔ)從句，where指代asmallvillage,在句中作狀語(yǔ))Itisinthesmallvillagethathewasborn.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的狀語(yǔ))4.ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingitifnot,turnitoff!只要你在使用電氣設(shè)備，便可以讓它開(kāi)著。如果不用就把它關(guān)掉。leavesth.on讓某物開(kāi)著；aslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifnot(=ifyouarenotusingit)若不是，若沒(méi)有（省略結(jié)構(gòu)）類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：ifso如果這樣的話；ifany:假如有，即使有Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials,so,ifyoucan,buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Ittakestime/energy/imagination/patience/effort/strengthtodosth.為了做成某事需要時(shí)間/精力/想象力/耐心/努力/體力等。Ittookmeagreatdealofpatiencetoteachsuchanaughtyboy.三、Grammar:“it”的用法（2）——強(qiáng)調(diào)句型（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本用法強(qiáng)調(diào)句就是把句中要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分（通常是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句）放在Itis/was和that/who之間，原句中剩余部分放在that/who之后。1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的陳述句式“itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他剩余部分”ItwasLangLangwhoheldacharityconcertinTaipeilastWednesday.注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞只用that(指人或物)或who（只指人），且都不可省略。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)式“Is/wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他剩余部分”WasitLiPingwho/thathemetyesterday?他昨天遇到的是李萍嗎？強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)式“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/wasit+that+句子其他剩余部分”What’sitthatProfessorLiuteachesusthisyear?Howisitthatsheturneddownourhelp?WhenandwherewasitthatyougottoknowMary?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷如果把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，句子的意識(shí)是完整，清楚的，句子結(jié)構(gòu)也是完整的，那么這個(gè)句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如果去掉了強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，意思不通順，結(jié)構(gòu)也不完整，則句子不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。Itwasbecausehewasillthathecameherelate.去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)變成：Hecameherelatebecausehewasill.（二）強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊用法強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句的結(jié)合：句式特征為：整個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用作名詞性從句或者在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有名詞性從句，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。Ihavealreadyforgottenwhereitwasthatyouputthedictionary.我已經(jīng)忘了你到底把字典放到哪里了。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句相結(jié)合句式特征為：在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分或其他部分中找出一個(gè)先行詞，附上修飾該部分的定語(yǔ)從句，這樣整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就變得非常復(fù)雜，注意不要混淆定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that/who部分。Itwasplayingputergamesthatcosttheboyplentyoftimewhichheoughttohavespentdoinghislessons.是玩電腦游戲花去了這個(gè)孩子大量的本應(yīng)該用在功課上的時(shí)間。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和not…until句型的結(jié)構(gòu)“Itis/wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他剩余部分”ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIknewtheresult.（三）強(qiáng)調(diào)句應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中有時(shí)考查主謂一致和比較結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也考察用ratherthan,not…but…等連接的平行對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)。連接平行對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)既要注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)，又要注意主謂一致。Itis/wasnot…but…that…“不是……而是……”（that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與but后的名詞或代詞保持一致）Itis/was…not…that…“是……而不是……”（that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與not前的名詞或代詞保持一致）Itis/was…ratherthan…that…“是……而不是……”（that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與ratherthan前的名詞或代詞保持一致）PersonallyIthinkitisthesalesmanager,ratherthanthesalesgirls,thatistoblame.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反意疑問(wèn)句式Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…，isn’t/wasn’tit?ItwasAliceandherboyfriendwhosenttheoldmantothehospital,wasn’tit?易與強(qiáng)調(diào)句混淆的幾個(gè)句式1)Itis+時(shí)間+when…當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，時(shí)間是……，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的it指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。Itwastheo’clockwhenwegothomelastnight.Itwasatteno’clockthatwegothomelastnight.itwas/willbe…before…過(guò)……就……Itwasnot/willnotbe…before…不久……就……主句中的it指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)多是long,notlong,threedays,twoweeks等表示“一段時(shí)間”的詞或短語(yǔ)。ItwasthreedaysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillnotbelongbeforehefinisheshisjob.ItwasthreedaysagothathewenttoBeijing.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)四、鞏固練習(xí)I.在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)。1.Ifshecould_______theconditionthere,wecouldtakeher.2.Yoursupportwillcertainly______inourcause.3.Ontheonehand,youacceptherpresents;______,youarerudetothewholefamily.Whatreallyisyourattitudetothem.4.Youhavemadeafewmistakes,but_____youhavedonewell.References:1.put2.building2.buildingup

3.makeadifference

4.ontheotherhand

5.onthewholeII.語(yǔ)法填空Whatdidhewanttoknow,Anne?Whenitwas______Icouldfinishwritingthereport.Whenwas____thathepickedupFrench?Itwasin2013_________hetraveledinFrance.Canyouexplainwhyit_____thatthesungoesdowninthewest?_______itonalonelyislandthathewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?Itwasnotjustthesizeofthepartylastnightbut_______itmeanttoourpany_________madeitunique.Itwasbecauseofthemostbeautifulvillageteacher—XiaoShan’sstrongdetermination______heformedthewomanfootballteaminthepoorarea.Itiseitherheoryouwho______inchargeoftheprojectandsupposedtofinishitpunc