?專題07閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)精講應(yīng)用文體裁文章的閱讀技巧英語閱讀理解測試中的應(yīng)用文閱讀材料主要有廣告、便條、通知、新聞、信件、表格、圖表等。應(yīng)用文通常以簡易的文體格式、簡單的語言表達(dá)重要的信息。應(yīng)用文的特點(diǎn)在于格式鮮明。目的性強(qiáng)，通常會以表格形式出現(xiàn)，或有項(xiàng)目符號格式（即標(biāo)明段落的一種格式，通常以小圓點(diǎn)或小箭頭的形式出現(xiàn)），有時(shí)會有很明顯的小標(biāo)題。大多數(shù)應(yīng)用文的題目針對性很強(qiáng)，考生無需通讀文章，只需通過題目中的關(guān)鍵詞定位至原文尋找答案即可。而題目中的問題大都直接對應(yīng)段落標(biāo)題等，考生可快速定位。由于應(yīng)用文大多數(shù)是傳遞信息的，所以應(yīng)用文測試的題目大多設(shè)置為考查文章細(xì)節(jié)的題目。如一篇海報(bào)的目的是提供活動的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)活動的費(fèi)用等等。應(yīng)用文主要有以下幾種設(shè)題類型及特點(diǎn)：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題針對應(yīng)用文體裁的閱讀訓(xùn)練多出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。應(yīng)用文不同于一般的文章，應(yīng)用文的措辭簡潔明了、直截了當(dāng)，在閱讀時(shí)須重點(diǎn)注意細(xì)節(jié)信息，最好采取跳讀這種閱讀方法。如：活動的具體時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)是什么？音樂會的具體舉辦時(shí)間是什么？所倡議的活動是針對哪些人展開的？這些細(xì)節(jié)問題都是同學(xué)們在閱讀時(shí)需要特別注意的地方。2.主旨大意題應(yīng)用文強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)用性，無論是信件、廣告、通知，還是倡議書、海報(bào)等，在閱讀時(shí)都應(yīng)該快速掌握其主旨大意。如：海報(bào)介紹的那部電影？通知的是哪個(gè)活動？邀請哪些人參加什么活動？這些都是主旨大意題考查的內(nèi)容。3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題作者往往通過海報(bào)、廣告等形式的應(yīng)用文表明自己對于某事的態(tài)度，也可以通過通知、倡議書、邀請函等形式暗示自己對某次活動的看法和態(tài)度。4.推理判斷題與記敘文和說明文有所不同，應(yīng)用文閱讀中出現(xiàn)的推理判斷題?？疾槲恼碌某鎏幓蛘邅碓?，常見的題干表達(dá)方式有“Youcanfindthead_______.”“Wherewouldyouprobablyreadthenotice？”【解題技巧】 1.快速瀏覽問題。讀問題時(shí)最好能判斷哪些問題可在文章中直接找出答案，哪些需要下結(jié)論等。2.認(rèn)真閱讀文章。閱讀的同時(shí)，在頭腦中記住問題，如果遇到了與某問題相關(guān)的材料，則在該文章中畫出能夠解決某一題的答案，并且在旁邊注上該問題的題號，在問題下選出答案。3.帶著問題重讀。重讀時(shí)，務(wù)必在頭腦中記下尚未回答的問題，對文章有總體理解，故可注意到文章的一些細(xì)微之處。此方法特別適用于表格型文體和羅列各種信息的文章。有針對性的選擇性的閱讀比漫無目的的閱讀效率要高得多。因此，閱讀前明確任務(wù)，設(shè)置各種閱讀活動，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生有目的的閱讀，是提高閱讀能力的一種實(shí)用技巧。做應(yīng)用文閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)注意如下幾點(diǎn)：（1）處理好理解和閱讀速度的關(guān)系。首先保證閱讀理解的準(zhǔn)確性，閱讀的速度只有在準(zhǔn)確理解的基礎(chǔ)上才有意義。一味追求速度，沒有理解，或者一碰到難點(diǎn)就反復(fù)重讀，都會影響到考試成績。因此，考試時(shí)必須合理安排時(shí)間，做到速度和理解兩者兼顧。（2）先看題目再讀文章。由于應(yīng)用文文體的閱讀題大多是字面理解層次的題目，即使有一些推理層次的題目，也是將文章中的細(xì)節(jié)加以推論。為了提高解題的速度，我們可以先看題目，然后帶著題目到文中尋找答案。（3）善于利用語言信號詞尋找信息。在閱讀過程中對于一些信號詞，要特別敏感。如：表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“however，but...”；表示目的的“for，inorderto...”；表示結(jié)果的“so，atlast...”；表示舉例的“suchas，forexample...”等?！镜淅饰觥縒orldPoetryDayisatimetoappreciate(欣賞)andsupportpoetsandpoetryaroundtheworld.ItiscelebratedonMarch21eachyear.Itspurposeistoimprovepeople’sabilitytoread,write,andteachpoemsallovertheworld.Itistimeforstudentstoknowmoreaboutthepoetsandlearndifferenttypesofpoetry.Poetsmaybeinvitedtoreadandsharetheirworktoaudiencesatbookstores,cafes,universitiesandschools.Awardsandotherformsorrecognitionaremadetohonorpoetsandtheirwork.Thisyear,theInternationalPoetryCentreisholdingapoetrycompetitiontocelebratethefestival!Thecompetitionisopentoallthepoetsaged18andoverfromallovertheworld,andtheywillbedividedintotwogroups:OpenGroup:opentoallthepoetsaged18andoverESLGroup:opentoallthepoetsaged18andoverwhocanwriteinEnglishasaSecondLanguageThewinnersofeachgroupwillreceive￡1000.RULES:*Allthepoemsmustbeunpublished(未出版的)works.*Poemswillnotbereturned,sopleasekeepacopy.*Thepoem(s)mustbeinEnglishandcreatedbythepoethimself/herself.*Poemscanbewrittenonanypropersubject.Nosubjectonviolence(暴力)ordrugs.*Thecompetitionbeginson3rdMarch,2021andendson28thAugust,2021.*Toenterforthecompetition,pleasevisittheCentreShoptopay￡5foreachpoem.Oncethepaymentismade,pleaseemailthepoem(s)topoetrycomp@center.uk.RemembertomarkOpenorESLinthetopright-handcornerofthedocument(文檔)toshowwhichgrouptoenterbeforeemailingyourpoem(s).Questionsaboutthecompetitioncanbeemailedtopoetrycomp@center.uk.1．TheworldPoetryDayison________.A．March28th B．March3rd C．March21st D．August28th2．ThemainpurposeoftheWorldPoetryDayisto________.A．encouragetheBritishtowritepoems B．helppeopletoread,writeandteachpoemsbetterC．raisemoneyforthepoetsfromallovertheworld D．teachchildrenhowtoreadandwritepoems3．TheInternationalPoetryCentrewill________in2021.A．offerpoetrylessonstostudents B．invitepoetstoreadandsharetheirworkC．honorpoetsandtheirwork D．holdaninternationalpoetrycompetition4．Thecompetitionpoemsshould________.A．bewritteninEnglishorChinese B．bepublishedbeforeC．a(chǎn)voidthesubjectofviolenceordrugs D．becreatedbyfamouspoets5．Poetscanget￡1000if________.A．theywininthegroup B．theirpoemsarepublishedC．theyenterthecompetition D．theirpoemsarewrittenbythemselves6．Youcanreadthispage________.A．inacomicbook(連環(huán)漫畫) B．onaposterofasupermarketC．inasportssectionoftheEveningPaper D．inaliterature(文學(xué))magazine考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)反饋Passage1Doyoudreamofbeingareporteroraneditor?Areyouagoodwriterwholovesthenews?Ifso,youmayhavewhatittakestobeawinnerintheTFKKidReporterTalentSearch.We’relookingfor12studentsfromaroundthenationtobemembersoftheTFKKidReporterTeamforthe2016-2017schoolyear.Nextyear’steamwillcontinuethetraditionofreportinglocalandregionalnewsstoriesforTIMEFORKIDSmagazineandtimeforkids.com.ProfessionaljournalistsfromTIMEFORKIDSwillselectthisteam.Inthepastfewyears,TFKkidReportershave:·Interviewednationalleaders,celebrities,andothernews-makers.·Writtennewsstories,reviewsandopinionpiecesforTIMEFORKIDS.·Learnedaboutthenewsbusinessfromaward-winningjournalistswhoworkatTIME.·Appearedontelevisiontotalkabouttheirwork.·Appearedontelevisiontogivetalks.HowtoEnterToapply(申請),visitwww.timeforkids.com/2016krandcompletetherequiredfieldsandtheofficialentryform.Besuretoreadtheofficialrulesandsharethemwithyourparentorguardian,whomustsignyourentryformandsubmit(提交)itelectronically.EntriesmustbesubmittedbyJune17,2016.Youmustbe14yearsofageoryoungeronSeptember1,2016.Contestopens:10:00A．M.ESTonMarch14,2016

Contestdeadline:12:00P.M.ESTonJune17,20161．Whatis“theTFKKidReporterTalentSearch”inthefirstparagraph?A．Astory. B．Aschool. C．Acompany. D．Acompetition.2．Whatdon’tTFKKIDReportersprobablydo?A．HaveatalkonTV. B．Teachkidshowtowriteareport.C．HaveaninterviewwithObama. D．Writeanewsstory.3．Theparentsmust_______.A．fillintheentryform B．sharetheentryformwiththeguardiansC．signtheentryform D．posttheletterofapplicationwithastamp4．Onwhichdayisitpossibleforkidstoapplyforthejob?A．March15,2015. B．July16,2016.C．May1,2016. D．Today.5．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Readerswillvotetoselectthemembersoftheteam.B．TFKKIDReportersmaywritedifferentkindsofarticles.C．Studentsofanyagecanapplyforthejob.D．Studentsneedtopayforthechancetogetthejob.6．Youmayfindtheaboveinformationina/an________.A．a(chǎn)dvertisement B．novel C．poem D．textbookPassage2Dearfriendsandcommunity,Wearehappytointroducerecentactivitiesinourcommunity.Chooseanyoneyoulikeandenjoythetimewithyourfamilyandfriends.OnBroadwayThiswillbeanightofthemostentertainingandthrillingBroadwayshowssetonstage.Wewouldliketohonorsomeoftheseworld-classactsintheshow.Youwillexperiencedramatictangos(探戈),elegantwaltzes(華爾茲)andmuchmore.Thisproductionwillattractyouwithitscreativedancing,excitingmusicandbeautifulcosturmes.Date:January25—February2,6-8pmAdmission:￥20presale/￥25onthedoor

WinterCampOuruniqueandfunwintercampfeaturesdancing,fitness,gamesandotheractivities.Whilehavingagoodtime,camperscanimprovetheirbodycoordination(協(xié)調(diào)),balance,postureandphysicalcondition.Forthelastday,wehaveplannedaperformanceforfamilyandfriendstoshoweverythingwehavelearnedduringthecamp.Date:MondayJanuary15—February14,9am-8:30pmChildrenaged5&upNorthSkylineOpenLocatedinthebeautifulBallantyneResort,thisisaneventyouwon’tforget.Enjoydancingwithworld-classperformersandprofessionals.Relaxinthespaorgetawayforaroundofgolfandthentakepartinafantasticeveningofcampfireparty.Date:February5Fee:￥300forB&B(bedroomandbreakfast)Generalinformation:YusimiCruz,Phone:892-7000ItemsneededDoyouhavebooks,lamps,toys,records,DVDs,holidaydecorations,jewelryoranyotheritemsjustcollectingdust?TimetocleanoutyourroomandbringyouritemstotheCommunitySquare.Allelectronicitemsmustbeinworkingorder.Noclothing,computers,TVsorencyclopediasaccepted.ThosewithquestionsorofferstohelpcancallJaneLeeat1024-10515.CommunitySale:February3CollectionsstartonJanuary12andnoitemswillbeacceptedafterJanuary26.HowmuchwillyoupayforatickettoOnBroadwaytwodaysbeforetheshow?A．￥15 B．￥20 C．￥25 D．￥308．Thewintercampenableschildrento________.A．learnfromfamousdancers B．gainusefulcampingskillsC．learnhowtogetonwiththeirparents. D．keepfit9．ThosewhoattendtheNorthSkylineOpenwill________.A．haveawholedayrelax B．playgolfwithworld-classjudgesC．getafreespa D．payforbreakfast10．Ifyouwanttosellelectronicitems,theymustbe________.A．completelynew B．cleanedcarefullyC．runningwell D．quitesmall11．Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothematerialabove?A．PetersonwillenjoypopmusiconBroadway.B．David’smumwouldliketosendhisyoungsisteraged3toattendWinterCamp.C．Jane’sparentsshowgreatinterestincampfirepartyandtheywillcallYusimiCruzformoreinformation.D．Michelle’sfatherwantstosellanoldTVsetsohewillconnectJaneLee.12．Youcanreadthematerialaboveprobablyfromthe________.A．sciencebookreview B．noticeboardinthecommunityC．sportssectionofanewspaper D．newssectiononawebsitePassage3Pinatas(彩飾陶罐)InMexico,childrenoftenhavepinatasontheirbirthday.Thechild’sparentsputchocolatesandothersweetsintothepinataandhangitonatree.Thenthechildrenhitthepinatawithastick.Itbreaksandthesweetsfalloutontotheground.NoodlesInChina,peoplecelebrateweddingswithaneight-coursemeal,becausethewordeightsoundslikethewordforgoodluck.Thelastdishofthemealisalwaysnoodles.Thenoodlesarelongandthin.Youhavetoeattheminonepiece,youcan’tcutthem.InChineseculture,longnoodlesarelucky.Longnoodlesmeanyouwillhavealonglife.BusinessbirthdaysAbusinessbirthdayshowsthatacompanyissuccessful.ManybusinessesintheUSAcelebrateimportantbirthdays,like10,50or150years.Companiesholdpartiesandsendcards.CompaniessometimesmakeTVadvertisements.Itisaparticularopportunitytoadvertisethebusiness.NamedaysAswellasabirthday,manypeopleinSouthernEuropealsocelebratetheirnamedays.InGreece,namedaysaremoreimportantthanbirthdays.Peoplehavebigpartiesandopentheirhousestoanybodywhowantstocome.Peoplebringsmallgifts,oftenflowersoraboxofsweets.Parentsusuallyhangpinatas________inMexico.A．onatree B．onadoor C．onastick D．onawall14．Peoplecelebrateweddingswithaneight-coursemealisbecause________.A．itisatradition B．peopleliketohavemealsC．thenumberisaluckynumber D．theamountofeachmealissmall15．Thelongnoodlesmean________inChineseculture.A．a(chǎn)longlife B．a(chǎn)healthylife C．a(chǎn)happylife D．a(chǎn)richlife16．Theunderlinedexpression“particularopportunity”means“aspecialtimeof________todosomething”.A．leavingitsafe B．makingitpossible C．gettingitready D．keepingitfast17．InGreece,anybodycan________.A．cleantheirhomeinnamedays B．receivemanysmallgiftsfromtheirfamiliesC．celebratetheirbirthdaysratherthannamedays D．a(chǎn)ttendastranger’snamedaycelebrationparty18．Thetextaboveiswrittento________.A．introducesomecelebrations B．selldifferentkindsoffoodC．encourageustolearnaboutmorefestivals D．shareinformationaboutseveralcountriesPassage4AsanEnglishlanguageteacher,Ihavecomeintocontactwithmany,manydifferentnationalities.ThepeopleIteachEnglishtocomefromverydifferentbackgrounds.Ihavealsobeenfortunateenoughtotraveltodifferentcountrieswithmywork:TheUSA,China,France,Austria,GermanyandItalytonamejustafew.Youmightthink,then,thatIwouldbewellpreparedforthechallengeofmeetingdifferentcultures.IthinkIamquitewellprepared,butIhavehadsomeinterestingandsurprisingexperiences.Herearesomeoftheexperienceswhichhavemadeanimpressiononme.ArabcultureWhensomeSaudiArabianstudentsinvitedmetotheirhouseforameal,wesatonthefloortoeat.WhenIcomplimented(贊美)toanOmanistudentsonhissmartcoat,heofferedittome!ItseemsthatistheexpectedresponseinsomepartsoftheArabworld.WhenIaskedaSaudistudentwhenhisbirthdaywas,hesaidhedidnotknow.Ikeptaskinghimthesamequestion,thinkinghedidnotunderstand,buttheproblemwasthattheydon’tcelebratebirthdaysinsomepartsoftheArabworld.JapanesecultureWhenIwasinvitedforamealbysomeJapanesestudents,IwassurprisedthatIhadtotakemyshoesoffbeforegoingintothehouse.IwasevenmoresurprisedwhenIhadtosingkaraoke!IhavenoticedthatwhenIaskedJapanesestudentsquestions,theyoftendon’tsayanythinguntiltheyhavetheanswer.ThesilenceislongerthanweexpectinEnglishculture,whereyounormallymakesomekindofnoisetoshowyouhaveunderstoodquestionsandyouarethinkingaboutit.ChinesecultureWehadagroupofChineseteachershere.Theymadetheirteaintheircups.Boilingwaterisaddedtothesameleaveswhentheywantedanothercupoftea.Ifoundthisinterestingbecausewemakeourteainateapot,usingboilingwater.Butnewleavesorteabagsareusedeverytimewewantanotherpotoftea.Wedrinkitblackormilkandsugarcanbeaddedtothetea.Idon’tthinktheculturedifferencesIhaveexperiencedhavebroughtmeanyrealproblems.Theyjustmakelifeinteresting.25．Thewriterisateacherandhis/herstudents________.A．speakthesamelanguage B．travelalotC．havesimilarbackgrounds D．comefromdifferentcountries26．InsomepartsoftheArabworld,peopledon’t________.A．sitonthefloortoeat B．wearsmartcoats C．understandEnglish D．celebratetheirbirthdays27．Japanesestudentswillkeepsilentwhentheyareaskedaquestionbecause________.A．theythinkit’spolitetodoso B．theywon’ttalkuntiltheyhavetheanswerC．theydon’tlikeansweringquestions D．theydon’tknowtheEnglishculture28．Thereare________difference(s)inthewayofmakingteabetweentheChineseandtheEnglishmen.A．1 B．2 C．3 D．429．Theworld“They”inthelastparagraphhererefersto________.A．theproblems B．Chineseteachers C．culturaldifferences D．thewritersclasses30．Fromthepassagewecantellthat________.A．thewriterlikestohavedinnerwithstudentsintheirhomesandlearnfromthemB．thewriterhasaveryoptimisticattitudetowardtheculturedifferencesC．meetingdifferentcultureisfarmoredifficultthanthewriterexpectedD．thewriterpreferredhis/herownculturetotheothercultureshe/sheexperiencedPassage5Joanisa14-year-oldstudentinNewtown.Allthestudentsinherschoolarerequiredtodosomepart-timejobsduringtheirsparetimesothattheycangetcertaincreditpoints(學(xué)分).JoanispreparingherCV(簡歷).JoanJackson123Luckylane,Newtown,Bk12YGjoanjackson@Tel:07782821236Iamaconfident,well-organizedstudentwithapassionforanimals.Iamhopingtoworkpar-timeduringthewinterholiday:Inthefuture,Iaimtoworkasavet.SkillsTeam