初中英語詞匯表(含音標(biāo)詳解)語言的基石在于詞匯，正如建筑的根基在于磚石。對(duì)于初中階段的英語學(xué)習(xí)者而言，構(gòu)建一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的詞匯庫，不僅是應(yīng)對(duì)各類考試的必備技能，更是實(shí)現(xiàn)順暢溝通、深入理解語言文化的前提。本詞匯表旨在為同學(xué)們提供一個(gè)系統(tǒng)、實(shí)用的學(xué)習(xí)工具，不僅包含核心詞匯，更融入了詳盡的音標(biāo)解析，助力大家從“識(shí)詞”到“會(huì)用”，真正掌握英語這門語言。一、音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)：開啟詞匯之門的鑰匙在背誦單詞之前，我們必須首先攻克“音標(biāo)”這一難關(guān)。音標(biāo)是記錄語音的符號(hào)，是我們正確發(fā)音、聽懂單詞的“導(dǎo)航儀”。掌握了音標(biāo)，你就能獨(dú)立自主地拼讀生詞，極大地提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。1.國際音標(biāo)(IPA)簡(jiǎn)介我們通常學(xué)習(xí)的是國際音標(biāo)(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet,IPA)。英語中所使用的音標(biāo)符號(hào)，通常以英式發(fā)音（ReceivedPronunciation,RP）或美式發(fā)音（GeneralAmerican,GA）為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本詞匯表將主要標(biāo)注英式發(fā)音，并在必要時(shí)提及美式發(fā)音的差異。2.元音(Vowels)元音是發(fā)音時(shí)氣流在口腔中不受阻礙，聲帶振動(dòng)的音。英語元音分為單元音和雙元音。*單元音(Monophthongs)*/i?/(長音“衣”)：see,meet,eat*/?/(短音“衣”)：sit,big,city*/e/(類似“哎”)：bed,head,let*/?/(張大嘴“哎”)：cat,map,bag*/ɑ?/(長音“啊”)：car,far,hard(英式)*/?/(短音“奧”)：dog,hot,not(英式)*/??/(長音“奧”)：door,floor,four*/?/(短音“烏”)：book,good,look*/u?/(長音“烏”)：moon,school,blue*/?/(類似“啊”，口型稍扁)：cup,sun,love*/??/(長音“額”)：bird,girl,work*/?/(短音“額”，弱讀)：about,mother,teacher(通常在非重讀音節(jié)中)*雙元音(Diphthongs)*/e?/(“哎”+“伊”)：day,name,cake*/a?/(“啊”+“伊”)：like,time,five*/??/(“奧”+“伊”)：boy,toy,voice*/??/(“額”+“烏”)：go,home,nose(英式)*/a?/(“啊”+“烏”)：house,out,now*/??/(“伊”+“額”)：ear,near,here*/e?/(“哎”+“額”)：air,hair,there*/??/(“烏”+“額”)：poor,sure(此發(fā)音在現(xiàn)代英式英語中有時(shí)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)化)3.輔音(Consonants)輔音是發(fā)音時(shí)氣流在口腔中受到一定阻礙而發(fā)出的音。輔音分為清輔音和濁輔音。*清輔音(VoicelessConsonants)(發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng))*/p/：pen,map,apple*/t/：time,cat,table*/k/：cake,book,school*/f/：face,five,photo*/θ/：think,three,teeth(咬舌)*/s/：sun,see,desk*/?/：she,shop,fish(類似“?！?*/h/：hat,hello,hand*/t?/：chair,watch,China(類似“吃”)*/tr/：tree,train,try*/ts/：bits,cats,hats*/kw/：queen,question,quick*濁輔音(VoicedConsonants)(發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng))*/b/：book,bag,ball*/d/：dog,desk,door*/g/：go,good,bag*/v/：voice,five,very*/e/：this,that,mother(咬舌)*/z/：zoo,zero,please*/?/：usually,pleasure,measure(類似“日”)*/r/：red,run,read(注意與漢語“日”的區(qū)別)*/d?/：jump,orange,age(類似“知”)*/dr/：dress,drink,driver*/dz/：beds,hands,cards*/m/：map,mother,name*/n/：nose,pen,nice*/?/：sing,song,thank(后鼻音)*/l/：like,school,girl(分清晰音和含糊音)*/w/：we,what,white*/j/：yes,you,yellow(類似“耶”)發(fā)音小貼士：*聽：多聽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音（課本錄音、英文歌、原版動(dòng)畫等）。*看：觀察口型圖或老師的口型。*仿：大膽模仿，不怕犯錯(cuò)。*練：結(jié)合單詞反復(fù)練習(xí)，對(duì)比自己的發(fā)音與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音。二、初中英語核心詞匯表(按詞性分類)以下詞匯按詞性分類，并標(biāo)注英式音標(biāo)及常見釋義。建議同學(xué)們?cè)谟洃洉r(shí)，結(jié)合例句和具體語境，同時(shí)大聲朗讀，注意發(fā)音。A.名詞(Nouns)名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)、抽象概念等的詞。1.person/?p??sn/(人)*student/?stju?dnt/(學(xué)生)*teacher/?ti?t??(r)/(教師)*friend/frend/(朋友)*parent/?pe?r?nt/(父/母)*classmate/?klɑ?sme?t/(同班同學(xué))*doctor/?d?kt?(r)/(醫(yī)生)*nurse/n??s/(護(hù)士)*worker/?w??k?(r)/(工人)*farmer/?fɑ?m?(r)/(農(nóng)民)*driver/?dra?v?(r)/(司機(jī))2.place/ple?s/(地點(diǎn))*school/sku?l/(學(xué)校)*classroom/?klɑ?sru?m/(教室)*home/h??m/(家)*house/ha?s/(房子)*park/pɑ?k/(公園)*hospital/?h?sp?tl/(醫(yī)院)*shop/??p/(商店)*supermarket/?su?p?mɑ?k?t/(超市)*library/?la?br?ri/(圖書館)*cinema/?s?n?m?/(電影院)*city/?s?ti/(城市)*country/?k?ntri/(國家；鄉(xiāng)村)3.thing/θ??/(事物)*book/b?k/(書)*pen/pen/(鋼筆)*pencil/?pensl/(鉛筆)*bag/b?ɡ/(書包)*desk/desk/(書桌)*chair/t?e?(r)/(椅子)*blackboard/?bl?kb??d/(黑板)*phone/f??n/(電話)*clock/kl?k/(時(shí)鐘)*map/m?p/(地圖)*picture/?p?kt??(r)/(圖片；照片)*food/fu?d/(食物)*water/?w??t?(r)/(水)*fruit/fru?t/(水果)*vegetable/?ved?t?bl/(蔬菜)*clothes/kl??ez/(衣服)*shoe/?u?/(鞋)*bag/b?ɡ/(包)*money/?m?ni/(錢)*time/ta?m/(時(shí)間)*day/de?/(天；日)*week/wi?k/(周；星期)*month/m?nθ/(月)*year/j??(r)/(年)4.abstractnoun/??bstr?ktna?n/(抽象名詞)*love/l?v/(愛)*happiness/?h?pin?s/(幸福)*sadness/?s?dn?s/(悲傷)*knowledge/?n?l?d?/(知識(shí))*importance/?m?p??tns/(重要性)*success/s?k?ses/(成功)*difficulty/?d?f?k?lti/(困難)B.動(dòng)詞(Verbs)動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，是句子的核心。1.be動(dòng)詞(LinkingVerbs)*am/?m/(是-第一人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí))*is/?z/(是-第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí))*are/ɑ?(r)/(是-第二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)及第一、三人稱復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí))*was/w?z/(是-am,is的過去式)*were/w??(r)/(是-are的過去式)*be/bi?/(是-原形)*been/bi?n/(是-過去分詞)*get/ɡet/(變得；得到)*seem/si?m/(似乎；好像)2.常用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(ActionVerbs)*do/du?,d?/(做；干)*make/me?k/(制作；使)*have/h?v,h?v/(有；吃；喝)*has/h?z,h?z/(有-第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí))*had/h?d/(有-過去式和過去分詞)*go/ɡ??/(去)*get/ɡet/(得到；到達(dá)；變得)*take/te?k/(拿；?。换ㄙM(fèi))*give/ɡ?v/(給)*use/ju?z/(使用)*see/si?/(看見)*watch/w?t?/(觀看)*look/l?k/(看)*listen/?l?sn/(聽)*hear/h??(r)/(聽見)*say/se?/(說)*speak/spi?k/(講；說)*talk/t??k/(談話)*tell/tel/(告訴)*ask/ɑ?sk/(問)*answer/?ɑ?ns?(r)/(回答)*read/ri?d/(讀)*write/ra?t/(寫)*learn/l??n/(學(xué)習(xí))*study/?st?di/(學(xué)習(xí)；研究)*teach/ti?t?/(教)*know/n??/(知道；認(rèn)識(shí))*think/θ??k/(想；認(rèn)為)*want/w?nt/(想要)*like/la?k/(喜歡)*love/l?v/(愛)*hate/he?t/(討厭)*need/ni?d/(需要)*help/help/(幫助)*thank/θ??k/(感謝)*meet/mi?t/(遇見)*greet/ɡri?t/(問候)*open/???p?n/(打開)*close/kl??z/(關(guān)閉)*turnon/t??n?n/(打開-電器)*turnoff/t??n?f/(關(guān)閉-電器)*start/stɑ?t/(開始)*begin/b??ɡ?n/(開始)*finish/?f?n??/(完成)*end/end/(結(jié)束)*goout/ɡ??a?t/(出去)*sitdown/s?tda?n/(坐下)*standup/st?nd?p/(站起來)*run/r?n/(跑)*walk/w??k/(走)*jump/d??mp/(跳)*swim/sw?m/(游泳)*fly/fla?/(飛)*eat/i?t/(吃)*drink/dr??k/(喝)*sleep/sli?p/(睡覺)*wakeup/we?k?p/(醒來)*work/w??k/(工作)*play/ple?/(玩；打(球))*study/?st?di/(學(xué)習(xí))C.形容詞(Adjectives)形容詞用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征。1.描述人或事物特征*good/ɡ?d/(好的)*bad/b?d/(壞的)*nice/na?s/(美好的；友好的)*fine/fa?n/(好的；健康的)*great/ɡre?t/(偉大的；極好的)*happy/?h?pi/(快樂的)*