【英語】高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧講解及練習題(含答案)含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Whengoingouttodinewithkids，youneedtoknowtheplaceswherekidsarenotonlywelcomed，butreallycateredfor.Thefollowingaresomeofthebestfamilyfriendlyrestaurantsandcafes.

BillyLids

Itisauniqueenvironmentwhereyourchildcanplaysafelywhileyourelaxinthecentralcafearea.Theindoorplaygroundincludesfacilitiesforchildrenupto11yearsold.Thereareplentyoffoodoptionsforthekids，includinghomemadesausagerolls.

BusinessHours:

MondaytoThursday:9a.m.to5p.m.FridaytoSaturday:9a.m.to6p.m.Tel:99160350

GladesvilleBistro(小餐館)

Welcometoourrevolutionarykid-friendlyfamilybistro—whereyourkidsarewelcometoplay,draw,slipandslide.Ourmenuincludessandwichesandchips.Yourchildrenwillreceiveafreecupofpopcornwitheverykid'smealpurchased.

BusinessHours:

MondaytoSunday:11a.m.to7p.m.Tel:98164052

MUMUGrill

Itofferstheperfectfamilydinner.Thechildrencaneatandthenplayintheparkoppositetherestaurant.Childrenwillbekeptamusedbythekids,menus,whichfeaturecoloringinactivities.Childrenareabletocolorinapictureofacowwithcrayons.

BusinessHours:

MondaytoFriday:4p.m.to6p.m.SaturdaytoSunday:3p.m.to7p.m.Tel:94606877

FlyingFoxCafe

ItislocatedinaparkinMonaVale.Nearthecafeisafantasticfencedchildren'splayground,famousforplaygroundfacilitiesincludingabiketrack,walkingtracksandadogwalkingbeach.

BusinessHours:

MondaytoSunday:9a.m.to4p.m.

Theweathercansometimesinfluencetheclosingtime.Ifyouareunsure,pleasecall99860980.（1）Wherecanyourchildrenenjoypopcornforfree?A.

AtFlyingFoxCafe.

B.

AtGladesvilleBistro.

C.

AtMUMUGrill.

D.

AtBillyLids.（2）MUMUGrilldoesNOTofferserviceonA.

Tuesdaymorning

B.

WednesdayafternoonC.

Fridayafternoon

D.

Saturdayevening（3）HowisFlyingFoxCafedifferentfromotherrestaurants?A.

Itonlyoffershome-madesausagerollstoparentsandchildren.

B.

Itamuseschildrenwithcoloring-inactivitieslistedonthemenu.C.

Itsbusinesshoursmaybeinfluencedbytheweather.

D.

Itofferschildrencrayonstodrawpicturesofcows.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，當你和孩子們出去吃飯的時候，你需要知道孩子們不僅受到歡迎，而且還能真正滿足他們的需求。作者介紹了一些最好的家庭友好餐廳和咖啡館。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)GladesvilleBistro(小餐館)部分中的“Yourchildrenwillreceiveafreecupofpopcornwitheverykid'smealpurchased.”可知，你的孩子們在GladesvilleBistro可以免費享用爆米花。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)MUMUGrill部分中的“BusinessHours:MondaytoFriday:4p.m.to6p.m.”可知，MUMUGrill餐廳周二早上不提供服務。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)FlyingFoxCafé部分中的“Theweathercansometimesinfluencetheclosingtime.”可知，F(xiàn)lyingFoxCafe與其他餐廳不同的是它的營業(yè)時間可能受到天氣的影響。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇廣告類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

TheWallStreetJournalrecentlypublishedanexcellentarticlepennedbyWendyBoundsonahottopichereatMNN:theair-purifyingqualitiesofthecommonhouseplant.Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily(百合花)andasparagusfern(蘆筍蕨)isaneconomicalartisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.Soit'sbeenacknowledgedthatabunchofprettyputtedhouseplantscanhelpyoumaintainahealthierhome,butasmarterhome?

That'sthequestioninlightofarecentstudypublishedbytheJournalofEnvironmentalPsychologyshowingthatthepresenceofplantsinaroom,particularlyinanofficeenvironment,canshrinkattentionspan(范圍).Strugglingdirectiveattention(thekindofattentionthattakeseffort)canberefreshedthroughexposurehotonaturalisticenvironments.Basically,takingawalkthroughtheparkcanclearone'shead.Butcanaheadberefreshedsimplybybeingsurroundedbyhouseplants?

Totesttheirtheory,thestudy'sauthorsroundedupabunchofparticipants,putsomeoftheminamomwithnoplantsandputothersinaroomwithourplantsplacedaroundadesk,andputthemalltothesameseriesoftests.FirstwasaRearingSpanTeatwhichinvolvesreadingaseriesofsentencesaloudandrememberingtheLastwordineachsentence.Thistaskrequiresthatyoufluentlyswitchbetweenattentiondemandingtasks:fromrendingandmemorizingatonemomenttowritingandrecallingatthenext.NextcameaproofreadingtaskfallowedbyanotherReadingSpanTest.

Theresults?ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.（1）Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Stayingindoorscanhelpavoidthepoorerairoutdoors.B.HouseplantscanFunctionasbeautifulcheapairpurifiers.C.Plantingpolledflowersasdecorationsisveryinteresting.D.Airpurifiersarethemosteffectivetocreateahealthyhome.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2probablyreferto?A.Focusone'sattention.B.Disturbone'sattention.C.weakenone'sattention.D.Turnone'sattentionaway.（3）Whatdoesthetestprove?A.Workinginnaturehelpsincreaseproductivity.B.Houseplantswillbeingreatdemandinourlife.C.Greenerycreateshealthiernaturalisticatmosphereindoors.D.Workingamonghouseplantsimprovesmentalfunctioning.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Flowers:GrandFeasttoEyesB.Greenery:EffectiveAir-purifierC.Houseplants:VisualBrainFoodD.PottedPlants:Great!House-beautifier【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過實驗說明室內植物可以很好地提高人們的注意力。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily(百合花)andasparagusfem(蘆筍蕨)isaeconomical,artisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.”可知，鑒于室內空氣污染比室外空氣污染嚴重2到5倍，用百合花、蘆筍蕨這些植物來取代空氣凈化器凈化室內空氣即經濟實惠又美觀。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Strugglingdirectiveattention(thekindofattentionthattakeseffortcanberefreshedthroughexposuretonaturalisticenvironments.”可知，掙扎的注意力(需要努力的注意力)可以通過置身于自然環(huán)境中來恢復。據(jù)此可推知，縮小注意力范圍即指注意力得到恢復，變得更專注。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.”可知，在有植物的房間里工作的參與者從第一次閱讀廣度測試到第二次閱讀廣度測試的成績都有所提高，而在沒有綠色植物的房間里工作的參與者則沒有。因此，在植物間工作的好處是顯而易見的。由此可知，這個測試的證實了在室內植物間工作可以改善精神功能。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文內容可知本文介紹室內植物可以很好地提高人們的注意力，對大腦的工作效果起到積極作用。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Scienceisfinallybeginningtoembraceanimalswhowere,foralongtime,consideredsecond-classcitizens.

AsAnniePottsofCanterburyUniversityhasnoted,chickensdistinguishamongonehundredchickenfacesandrecognizefamiliarindividualsevenaftermonthsofseparation.Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonssometimeschoosetogiveupanimmediatefoodrewardforaslightlylater(andbetter)one.Healthyhensmayaidfriends,andmournwhenthosefrienddie.

Pigsrespondmeaningfultohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodtotheanimals.ThepigssoonignoredtheXcarriersinfavoroftheO's.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigswalkedonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anotinconsiderablefeatofreasoning.

I'vebeenguiltyofprejudicedexpectations,myself.Atthestartofmycareeralmostfourdecadesago,Iwasfirmlyconvincedthatmonkeysandapesout-thinkandout-feelotheranimals.They'reotherprimates(靈長目動物),afterall,animalsfromourownmammalian(靈長目動物)class.Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,whalestooaremastersofculturallearning,andelephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long-termstudiesinthewildonthesemammalshelpedtofuelaviewpointshiftinoursociety:thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulprocedureinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks.

Overtime,though,asIbegantobroadenoutevenfurtherandexploretheinnerlivesoffish,chickens,pigs,goats,andcows,1startedtowonder:Willthenewscienceof"foodanimals"bringanethical(倫理的)revolutionintermsofwhoweeat?Inotherwords,willourethicsstarttocatchupwiththedevelopmentofourscience?

Animalactivistsarealreadythere,ofcourse,committedtonoteatingtheseanimals.Butwhatabouttherestofus?Canpayingattentiontothethinkingandfeelingoftheseanimalsleadustomakechangesinwhoweeat?（1）AccordingtoAnniePotts,henshavetheabilityof

.A.

interaction

B.

analysis

C.

creation

D.

abstraction（2）Theresearchintopigsshowsthatpigs

.A.

learnlettersquickly

B.

haveagoodeyesightC.

canbuildupagoodrelationship

D.

canapplyknowledgetonewsituations（3）Paragraph4ismainlyabout

.A.

thesimilaritiesbetweenmammalsandhumans

B.

thenecessityoflong-termstudiesonmammalsC.

achangeinpeople'sattitudestowardsanimals

D.

adiscoveryofhowanimalsexpressthemselves（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

TheInnerLivesofFoodAnimals

B.

TheLifestylesofFoodAnimalsC.

ScienceReportsonFoodAnimals

D.

ARevolutioninFoodAnimals【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了動物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能力。人類不應只將它們當作食物。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonschoosesometimestogiveupanimmediatefoodrewardforaslightlylater(andbetter)one”可知，當解決問題時，母雞們會推理：例如，受過挑選彩色紐扣的訓練的母雞們有時會選擇放棄即時的食物獎勵，換取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物獎勵。由此可知，母雞們具備分析能力。故選B。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Pigsrespondmeaningfultohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodtotheanimals.ThepigssoonignoredtheXcarriersinfavoroftheO's.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigswalkedonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anotinconsiderablefeatofreasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿著帶X標記的木板，一些研究者拿著帶O標記的木板，只有拿帶O標記木板的研究者給豬提供食物，豬很快就只理會這些研究者了。當木板換成帶X和O標記的襯衫時，豬仍然只走向那些穿帶O標記襯衫的研究者。這表明豬將把知識轉移到了二維的形式，這是一種相當大的推理壯舉。故選D。(3)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“Atthestartofmycareeralmostfourdecadesago,Iwasfirmlyconvincedthatmonkeysandapesout-thinkandout-feelotheranimals...Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,whalestooaremastersofculturallearning,andelephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long-termstudies…h(huán)elpedtofuelaviewpointshiftinoursociety:thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulprocedurekinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks.”可知，數(shù)十年前，作者堅信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都勝過其他的動物。很快，作者就意識到除了猴子和猩猩，鯨魚也是文化學習的主人，大象也表現(xiàn)出高興等情感。長期的研究也促進著我們社會觀點的轉變：我們不再認為猴子只能是實驗室里的實驗對象，大象只能在馬戲團里進行表演，海豚只能被養(yǎng)在主題公園狹小的池子里。很明顯，本段介紹的是人們對動物看法的轉變。故選C。(4)考查主旨大意。第一段提出：科學開始擁抱原來被我們認為是二等公民的動物們（即：我們對某些動物的看法正在發(fā)生變化）。第二和第三段以母雞和豬為例告訴讀者：通過科學研究，母雞和豬也具備情感，也具備分析推理能力。第四段介紹了人們對動物看法的轉變。第五和第六段呼吁讀者：動物有自己的情感和思想，我們不要只將動物當成我們的食物。結合每段大意可知，該文主要是圍繞動物也有情感有思想來展開的。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷。段落大意和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

RecentsummertemperaturesinpartsofAustraliawerehighenoughtomeltasphalt.Asglobalwarmingspeedsuptheheatandclimaticeventsincrease,manyplantsmaybeunabletocope.Butatleastonespeciesofeucalyptustreecanresistextremeheatbycontinuingto“sweat”whenotheressentialprocessesstop,anewstudyfinds.

Asplantschangesunlightintofood,orphotosynthesize(光合作用),theyabsorbcarbondioxidethroughporesontheirleaves.Theseporesalsoreleasewaterviatranspiration(蒸騰),whichcirculatesnutrientsthroughtheplantandhelpscoolitbyevaporation(蒸發(fā)).Butexceptionallyhightemperaturesareknowntogreatlyreducephotosynthesis—andmostexistingplantmodelssuggestthisshouldalsodecreasetranspiration,leavingtreesindangeroffatallyoverheating.Becauseitisdifficultforscientiststocontrolandvarytrees'conditionsintheirnaturalenvironment,littleisknownabouthowindividualspecieshandlethissituation.

EcologistJohnDrakeoftheS.U.N.Y.CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestryandhiscolleaguesgrewadozenParramattaredgum(Eucalyptusparramattensis)treesinlarge,climate-controlledplasticpodsthatseparatedthetreesfromthesurroundingforestforayearinRichmond,Australia.SixofthetreesweregrownatsurroundingairtemperaturesandsixattemperaturesthreedegreesCelsiushigher.Theresearcherswithheld(扣留)waterfromthesurfacesoilofall12treesforamonthtoimitateamilddryspell,theninducedafour-day“extreme”heatwave:Theyraisedthemaximumtemperaturesinhalfofthepods（threewithsurroundingtemperaturesandthreeofthewarmerones）—to44degrees℃.

Photosynthesisgroundtoanearhaltinthetreesfacingtheartificialheatwave.Buttotheresearchers'surprise,thesetreescontinuedtotranspireatclose-to-normallevels,effectivelycoolingthemselvesandtheirsurroundings.Thetreesgrowninwarmerconditionscopedjustaswellastheothers,andphotosynthesisratesbouncedbacktonormalaftertheheatwavepassed,DrakeandhiscolleaguesreportedonlineinGlobalChangeBiology.

TheresearchersthinktheParramattaredgumswereabletoeffectivelysweat—evenwithoutphotosynthesis—becausetheyareparticularlygoodattappingintowaterdeepinthesoil.Butifaheatwaveandaseveredrought(干旱)weretohitatthesametimeandthegroundwaterwasexhausted,thetreesmaynotbesolucky,Drakesays.

Otherscientistscallthefindingencouraging.“It'sdefinitelygoodnews,”saysTrevorKeenan,anecologistatLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,whowasnotpartofthestudy.“Itwouldbeveryinterestingtoknowhowthistranslatestootherspecies,”headds.DrakehopestoconductsimilarexperimentswithtreescommoninNorthAmerica.（1）Howdoesonespeciesofeucalyptustreecopewithextremeheatwaves?A.

Byreleasingwater.

B.

Byblockingsunlight.C.

Byabsorbinggroundwater.

D.

Byreducingphotosynthesis.（2）Whatdidtheresearchersdoduringtheirstudy?A.

Theygrewallthetreesinartificialtemperatures.

B.

Theyinducedaheatwaveinadozenpodsoftrees.C.

Theycreatedclimate-controlledsurroundingsfortrees.

D.

Theyvariedtrees'conditionsintheirnaturalenvironment.（3）Theunderlinedphrase“groundtoanearhalt”inParagraph4means“________”.A.

continued

B.

substituted

C.

strengthened

D.

ceased（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.

Photosynthesisisnecessaryforthetreestosweat.

B.

Nofurtherexperimentswillbedoneotherspecies.C.

OtherspecieswillbetransplantedtoNorthAmerica.

D.

Groundwaterhelpsthetreessurvivetheextremeheat.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，聯(lián)合國環(huán)境科學與林業(yè)學院的生態(tài)學家JohnDrake和他的同事們通過對紅桉樹做實驗，得出結論：在極度的高溫中，紅桉樹仍然可以通過釋放水分來抵抗熱浪，獲得生存。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butatleastonespeciesofeucalyptustreecanresistextremeheatbycontinuingto'sweat’”可知，桉樹通過“流汗”，即釋放水分來抵抗極度的熱，故選A。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“EcologistJohnDrake…andhiscolleaguesgrewadozenParramattaredgum…treesinlarge,climate-controlledplasticpodsthatseparatedthetreesfromthesurroundingforestforayearinRichmond,Australia.”可知，研究者們將12棵紅桉樹種植在巨大的，氣候受控制的塑料艙里，這種塑料倉將這些樹和周圍的森林分離開來?？芍?，研究者們?yōu)檫@些樹創(chuàng)造了一個氣候受控制的生長環(huán)境，故選C。(3)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butexceptionallyhightemperaturesareknowntogreatlyreducephotosynthesis”可知，極度的高溫會減少光合作用。由第四段后面的內容可知，令研究者們驚訝的是，面對著人工制造出來的熱浪，這些樹繼續(xù)以接近正常的水平蒸發(fā)，有效地使自己和周圍的環(huán)境涼爽下來。結合這兩點可以推知，面對人工制造出來的熱浪，光合作用應該是大大減少，但這并沒有影響樹木的蒸發(fā)。劃線部分意思應當接近于“大大減少，降低”這一類的意思cease意為“停止”，故選D。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“TheresearchersthinktheParramattaredgumswereabletoeffectivelysweat—evenwithoutphotosynthesis—becausetheyareparticularlygoodattappingintowaterdeepinthesoil.Butifaheatwaveandaseveredrought（干旱）weretohitatthesametimeandthegroundwaterwasexhausted,thetreesmaynotbesolucky,Drakesays.”可知，這些樹擅長吸取地下水，如果熱浪干旱同時發(fā)生，地下水枯竭的話，那么這些樹生存的可能性就比較小了。由此可以推知，地下水幫助這些樹存活下來。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Itwasthemen'sskatingfinalsoftheWinterOlympicswhenIwas16.SomedayI'dbeintheOlympics.Infact,itwasmydream.

ThatnightIlayonourlivingroomfloorexcitedlywatchingthebattlebetweentheBrians:AmericanBrianBoitanofacingBrianOrserinCanada.Bothofthemhadbeenworldchampions.Bothofthemdeservedtowin.NaturallyIwasforBrianBoitano,anorthernCalifornianlikeme.Wehadskatedonthesameice.Iheldmybreathinamazement.Boitanoperformedsuccessfully.Thegoldmedal!Ijumpedintheairwhenhisscorewentup.

ButwhathappenednextiswhatI'llneverforget.BrianBoitanosatinfrontofthecamerawithhiscoach,surroundedbyagroupofjournalist.Hewastalkingabouthiscareerandhismedal,talkingtothewholeworld.Aterriblesinkingfeelingwentthroughme.IcouldneverbeintheOlympics,Ithought…Icouldnottalkinpubliclikethat.Justtheideaofapressconferenceterrifiedme.

IlovedskatingpartlybecauseIdidn'thavetotalk.Icouldexpressmyselfwithmyjumpsanddancesbetter.Ididn'thavetostandupandgiveaspeechlikesometeachersexpected.IcouldfeelthebloodrushtomyfaceifIthoughtateacherwasgoingtocallme.Istaredatmyshoes.IwassureI'dmakeafoolofmyself.

ThenextdayIwasattherink(溜冰場)asusual.Iwaspractisingacombinationofjumpsthathadonceseemedimpossible.Iworkedveryhardthenextfewyears—ontheiceandespeciallyoff.AfterjournaliststalkedtomeandalthoughmyheartpoundedeverytimeIspoketothem,Igottoknowthem.Theybecamefamiliarfaces.Andtheygottoknowme.SowhenmybigmomentcamefouryearsafterBrian's,Iwasready.

SometimesIthinkmybiggestaccomplishmentwasnotwinningthegoldbuttalkingtothepressafterwards.Whenyoudothethingyoufearmost,youputanendtofear.

Fearcanstopyoudeadinyourtracks.Fearcankilladream.Whatareyouafraidof?Whatscaresyoumorethananythingelse?Thisyear,walkrightuptoitandconquerit,stepbystep.（1）Whatinformationcanwegetfromthesecondparagraph?A.

Theauthorlivedahardlife.

B.

TheauthorcomesfromCanada.C.

TheauthoronceskatedwithOrser.

D.

TheauthorwishedBoitanotowinthematch.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonswhytheauthorlikedskatingaccordingtothepassage?A.

Shecouldbuildupherbodytobehealthier.

B.

Itcouldhelphertogetclosertoheridol.C.

Shecouldbetterexpressherselfwithbodylanguage.

D.

Thepossibilityofherbeingaworldchampionwasgreat.（3）Whattheauthorfeltthemostsatisfiedwithisthat

.A.

shereachedhercoach'sexpectations

B.

shebecameaworldchampionasplannedC.

shemanagedtoovercomeherinnerfeareventually

D.

shehandledthebalancebetweenhercareerandlife（4）Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellus?A.

Faceafearbravely.

B.

Practicemakesperfect.C.

Badtimesmakeagoodman.

D.

Failureisthemotherofsuccess.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者克服自己的恐懼心理，在奧運奪冠后，勇敢面對記者采訪的故事。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“NaturallylwasforBrianBoitano,anorthernCalifornianlikeme”可知作者希望BrianBoitano能贏，故選D。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“IlovedskatingpartlybecauseIdidn'thavetotalk.Icouldexpressmyselfwithmyjumpsanddancesbetter”可知作者不愛言談，喜歡滑冰是因為這是表達自己的方式。故選C。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“SometimesIthinkmybiggestaccomplishmentwasnotwinningthegoldbuttalkingtothepressafterwards”可知他認為自己最大的成功是克服了自己的恐懼，勇敢面對記者。故選C。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Fearcanstopyoudeadinyourtrack.Fearcankilladream”和“…walkrightuptoitandconquerit，stepbystep”可知作者想要告訴我們要勇敢面對自己的恐懼，故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide"saidresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.

45percentofthespeciesstudiednowreachsmalleradultsizesthantheydidinthepast.Theresearcherspointedoutthatwarmertemperaturesandchanginghabitats,causedbyclimatechange,arepossiblereasonsforshrinkingcreatures.

"Wedonotyetknowthemechanisms(機制)involved,orwhysomeorganismaregettingsmallerwhileothersareunaffected,"theresearcherssaid."Untilweunderstandmore,wecouldberiskingnegativeconsequencesthatwecan'tyetquantify."

Thechangeisbigincold-bloodedanimals.Onlytwodecadesofwarmertemperaturesareenoughtomakeretiles(爬行動物)smaller.Anincreaseofonly1degreecentigradecausednearlya10percentincreaseinmetabolism(新陳代謝).Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.Fisharesmallernowtoo.Thoughoverfishinghasplayedapartinreducingnumbers,experimentsshowthatwarmertemperaturesalsostopfishgrowing.

Warm-bloodedanimalsaren'timmune(免除)fromthesizechangecausedbyclimatechange.Manybirdsarenowsmaller.Soaysheeparethinner.ReddeerareweakenAndpolarbearsaresmaller,comparedwithhistoricalrecords.

ThisisnotthefirsttimethishashappenedinEarth'shistory.55millionyearsago,awarmingeventsimilartothecurrentclimatechangecausedbees,spidersandantstoshrinkby50to75percentoverseveralthousandyears.Thateventhappenedoveralongertimethanthecurrentclimatechange.

Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.（1）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.

Whysomespeciesbecomesmaller.

B.

HowclimatechangesinEarth'shistory?C.

Climatechangehasmanynegativeeffects.

D.

Speciesarebecomingsmallerasclimategetswarmer.（2）Theunderlinedword"trumped"mthefirstparagraphprobablymean_________.A.

strengthened

B.

gained

C.

beaten

D.

equaled（3）ResearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporebelievethat________.A.

theyhavefoundtheexactcausesforcreaturesgettingsmaller

B.

alltheanimalsontheearthhavebecomesmallerC.

climatechangehasmorenegativeeffectsonwarm-bloodedanimals

D.

increaseinenergyusecanleadtocreaturesgettingsmaller（4）Whatdoestheauthorfeelabouttheclimatechange?A.

Disappointed

B.

Optimistic

C.

Worried

D.

Shameful【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了氣候變暖導致許多生物個體變小這一現(xiàn)象，氣候變化已對浮游生物產生了有害影響，人類需要盡快采取措施。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”可知科學家原來以為二氧化碳的增加會導致物種變大，但是氣候的變化讓物種反而變小。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”可知科學家原來以為二氧化碳的增加會導致物種變大，但是氣候的變化讓物種變小?？芍獨夂虻淖兓驍×硕趸紟淼挠绊?。故“beat”與該詞同義。選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.”可知大量使用的能源導致物種體型變小。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.”可知作者擔心現(xiàn)代氣候變化的速度太快導致有機體無法迅速做出回應。可知作者對氣候變化很擔心。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathosandlogos.

Ethosisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationhehasinthefield.Afterall,you'remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.

Pathosisaspeaker'swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemwanttovoteforhim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheeviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.

Logosistheuseoffacts,statisticsorotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimply