新農(nóng)科大學(xué)英語CollegeEnglishfor

NewAgriculturalSciences3UnitFeedingthegrowingworld新農(nóng)科大學(xué)英語CollegeEnglishfor

NewAgriculturalSciencesAftercompletingthisunit,youwillbeableto:explainthevalueof3Doceanfarmingandtherevivalofforgottencropsinaddressingglobalfoodchallenges;introduceChina’scontributionstosustainableagriculturalpractices,focusingonthedevelopmentandimplementationofperennialrice;composeawell-structuredproblem-solutionessayonfoodsecurity;giveaninformedandpersuasivespeechonChina’sinnovativeapproachestoadvancingglobalfoodsecurity.Learning

objectives新農(nóng)科大學(xué)英語CollegeEnglishfor

NewAgriculturalSciencesCONTENTSGettingonthestageUnlocking

thetopicViewingthroughthelensExploringthefrontierDiscoveringChinaFoodsecurityencompassestheavailability,accessibility,andutilizationoffoodresourcestoensurethatallindividualshaveconsistentaccesstosufficient,safe,andnutritiousfoodtomaintainahealthylife.Inthefaceofescalatingchallenges,suchaspopulationgrowth,climatechange,andnaturalresourcescarcity,expertsworldwideareintensifyingeffortstodevelopinnovativeandsustainablesolutions.Againstthisbackdrop,youruniversityisorganizingayouthforumonfoodsecurity,conveningbothdomesticandinternationalstudentstofosterdialog,exchangeperspectives,andcollaborateonfeasiblestrategies.Asarepresentativeofyouruniversity,youareinvitedtodeliverathree-minutespeechduringtheforum’sopeningceremony,focusingonChina’spioneeringinitiativesinenhancingglobalfoodsecurity.SettingthesceneActivatingsubjectknowledgeScanthecodeandcompletetheknowledgeactivationexerciseonUcampus.Workingroupsandexaminethegraphindetail.Identifythecorechallengesoffoodsecurityillustratedbythegraph.Thecorechallengesoffoodsecurity,asillustratedbythegraph,areevident:Astheglobalpopulationisprojectedtonearlydoublefrom5.3billionin1990to9.8billionby2050,thearablelandavailablepercapitaissteadilyshrinkingfrom0.23to0.15hectares.Thisunderscorestheurgentneedtoproducemorefoodonincreasinglylimitedusableland,therebyplacingimmensepressureonagriculturalsystems.Thesituationhighlightstheimportanceofsustainablefarmingpracticesandinnovativesolutionstosecureanadequatefoodsupplyfortherapidlygrowingglobalpopulation.

ReferenceanswersWordbank

seaweed

n.海藻mussel

n.貽貝

scallop

n.扇貝crate

n.板條箱clam

n.蛤蜊antibiotic

n.抗生素regenerative

a.再生的nitrogen

n.氮Whatdoyouthinkaboutusingtheoceanforfuturefoodandfuel?Watchthevideoclipandcompletethenoteswithwhatyouhear.(Withsubtitles)(Withoutsubtitles)Futurefarmingchallenges

Therapidlygrowingglobalpopulation,combinedwithchangesinpeople’sdiets,willrequire50%morefoodproductionby2050.1)_____________foragricultureisrunningout,andexistingfarmlandisbeingdegraded.

UsablelandAsolution:3Doceanfarming

oceansurfaceAtthebottomBenefitsof3Doceanfarming

Efficient:Usingtheentirevertical4)______________belowacertainareaofoceantoproducehighyieldsinasmallamountofspaceClean:Growingfoodwithoutusinganyfertilizers,5)___________,antibiotics,orfreshwaterRegenerative:Improvingthemarineenvironmentandsupporting6)_____________tothrive

watercolumnpesticidesbiodiversityWater-purifying:7)_____________________filtercarbon,nitrogen,andpollutants.Versatile:Usingseaweedasfood,afertilizer,a(n)8)________alternative,andabiofuelsourceSustainableandaccessible:Focusingoneco-friendlypracticesandbeingavailabletodiversecommunities

Seaweedandshellfishplastic

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Theworld’spopulationisgrowingsofast,andpeople’sdietsarechangingsomuchthatwe’llneedtoproducearound50%morefoodthanwedotodaytofeedeveryonein2050.Wehaveabunchofissueswithhowwefeedeveryonetoday.Butoneofthebiggestisthesimplefactthatwe’rerunningoutofusablelandtogrowmorefood,andthelandwe’realreadyusingisbeingdegradedfasterthanitcanrecover,whichmeansit’sgonnabasicallybeuselesstogrowfoodoninthefuture.

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Sowhataboutusingtheoceans?Obviously,usingtheoceansforfoodisn’tanythingnew,butalotofthetime,it’sprettyunsustainable.SosomethingthatIthinkisprettycoolisthatthere’sasolutionthattakesthebestbitsfromwhatweknownow,andcombinesthemintosomethingthatnotjuststepsintosolvetheissuesofhowweusetheoceansforfood.Butitalsofixestheoceansatthesametime.It’scalled3Doceanfarming.

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Here’showitworks.First,ropesofseaweedarestrungacrosstheoceansurface.Then,hangingbesidethemonfloatinglonglines,you’vegotsocksofmusselsandbasketsofscallops.Andthenbelowallthat,atthebottomofthestructure,arecrateswithoystersandclams.Soropesandcrates.Itmightseemprettysimpleandnotexactlythemosttechnologicallyfuturisticthing.Iknow.

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Buttheideaistoapproachitinathree-dimensionalway,whereyoutakeacertainareaofoceanandthenusetheentireverticalwatercolumnbelowit,andfillitwithamixtureoforganismsthatcanliveandgrowwelltogether.Andwithallthatpreciousspacebeingutilized,itaddsupsothatoceanverticalfarmslikethiscangrowupto30tonsofseavegetablesand250,000shellfishperyearineverysingleacre.Butthere’smoretoitthanjustgrowingalotoffoodinasmallamountofspace.

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Firstoff,it’sareallycleanwaytogrowfood.Thebeautyofalltheseanimalsandseaplantsthataregrownin3Doceanfarmingisthatthey’reessentiallyzero-input.Youjustplacethemthereandletthemgetonwiththingsuntilthey’rereadytoharvest.Theydon’tuseanyfertilizers,pesticides,antibiotics,orfreshwaterlikeland-basedagriculturedoes.Andthemixtureoforganismsleadstoaresiliencethatyoudon’tgetinfarmsmadeupofjustonesinglecropthatcouldbewipedoutby,like,asingledisease.

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Butthiswholesystemisalsoregenerative,whichmeansitleavesanareainabetterconditionthanitwasinbeforethefarmwasevenputthere.Andtheymanagetodothisinabunchofdifferentways.Thefarmsactuallyactashabitatsforsealife,andthey’veattractedover150differentspeciesintoareasthatwerebarrenbeforetheywereinstalled.Sotheycouldhelptoprovideafoundationforbiodiversitytothrive.

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Thenthere’sthemassiveimpacttheyhaveinimprovingwaterquality.Seaweedandshellfisharenaturalfilterers,withoystersbeingabletofilterthroughupto225litersofwateraday.Sotogether,theypulloutexcesscarbon,andnitrogen,andotherpollutantsthatarekillingmarinelifearoundtheworld.Butseaweedalsoabsorbsmorecarbonthanland-basedplants.So,thefarmscanactascarbon-capturingpowerhouses,whichleadsmenicelyontothenextbenefitof3Doceanfarming:theamount(number)ofusesforthethingsthataregrown.

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Becauseseaweedisn’tjustusefulforfood;itcanalsobeusedasafertilizeronland-basedfarms,asanalternativetoplastic,andalsoasasourceofbiofuel.Andthispartishuge,becauseitcouldprovideasourceofcarbon-neutralbiofuelthattakesalmostzeroinputs,andissoefficientthatinjustoneacre,youcangetaround2,000gallonsoutofiteachyear.

Scripts(DIYregenerativeoceanfarms:Thefutureoffoodandfuel?)Therearesimilarideasouttherethatusedifferentcropsanddifferentanimalstogethertomaximizeharvests.Butwhatsetsthisideaapartisitsfocusonsustainabilityandregeneration,anditsmissiontobeaccessibletoasmanypeopleaspossible,bigorsmall.Soit’sagreatideaforfishermentotryoutamoresustainableroute,butitalsoletssmallercommunitiestakecontroloverwheretheirfoodcomesfrom,whilstalsoimprovingtheirlocalenvironmentandthehealthoftheirfisheriesforthefuture.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.1.Doyouthink3Doceanfarmingcouldbeaviablesolutiontofoodsecuritychallengesworldwide?Whyorwhynot?2.Thevideoclipmentionsthat“Therearesimilarideasouttherethatusedifferentcropsanddifferentanimalstogethertomaximizeharvests.”Canyouthinkofanyexamplesofsuchideas?ReferenceanswersYes,3Doceanfarmingcouldbeaviablesolutiontofoodsecuritychallengesworldwideforseveralreasons.Firstly,itoffersanefficientuseofspace.Astraditionalagriculturefaceslimitationsduetolandscarcityandsoildegradation,3Doceanfarmingmaximizesfoodproductionbyutilizingtheverticalspaceoftheocean,significantlyboostingfoodoutputwithouttheneedforadditionalland.ReferenceanswersSecondly,itisenvironmentallysustainable.Unlikeconventionalfarming,3Doceanfarmingisazero-inputsystemthatdoesnotrelyonfertilizers,pesticides,orfreshwater.Thirdly,itisregenerative.Sealifeactsasnaturalfilterers,removingexcesscarbon,nitrogen,andotherpollutantsfromthewater.Seaweed,inparticular,absorbsmorecarbonthanland-basedplants,makingthesefarmseffectivecarbonsinks.ReferenceanswersThisnotonlyimproveswaterqualitybutalsohelpsmitigateclimatechange.Lastly,ithassignificanteconomicandsocialimpacts.3Doceanfarmingcanempowercoastalcommunitiesbyprovidingasustainablefoodsourceandmultiplerevenuestreams.Productslikeseaweed-basedfertilizers,bioplastics,andbiofuelscreateadditionaleconomicopportunities.ReferenceanswersNo,despiteitspotential,3Doceanfarmingstillfacesseveralchallengesthatcouldhinderitsviabilityasaglobalsolution.First,itsrelianceonspecificmarineconditionsrestrictsitsapplicability.Notallcoastalregionshavetheappropriatewaterquality,temperature,orecosystemtosupportsuchfarming,therebylimitingitsscalabilityworldwide.Second,theinfrastructureandexpertiserequiredfor3Doceanfarmingposechallenges.ReferenceanswersEstablishingandmaintainingthesefarmsdemandsfinancialinvestment,technicalexpertise,andskilledlabor,whicharelackinginregionsmostaffectedbyfoodinsecurity.Thiscanexacerbateinequalitiesratherthanalleviatethem.Third,3Doceanfarmingprimarilyproducesseaweedandshellfish,whicharenotstaplefoodsinmanycultures.Addressingglobalfoodsecurityrequiressolutionsthatalignwithdiversedietaryneedsandpreferences,whichthismethodmaystruggletoachieve.ReferenceanswersLast,whileregenerativefarmingimprovesmarineenvironmentslocally,large-scaleimplementationcoulddisruptexistingecosystemsandleadtounintendedconsequences.Thus,despiteitsinnovativefeatures,3Doceanfarmingisunlikelytoserveasauniversalsolutiontofoodsecuritychallenges.Thefollowingaretwoexamplesof“usedifferentcropsanddifferentanimalstogethertomaximizeharvests.”(1)Riceandduckfarming(稻鴨共作)Riceandduckfarmingisasustainableagriculturalpracticethatcombinesricecultivationwithduckbreedinginthesamefield.ThismethodisparticularlypopularinAsia.Ducksplayacrucialroleinthissystembyeatingpestsandweeds,therebyreducingtheneedforchemicalpesticidesandherbicides.ReferenceanswersTheirmovementinthewateralsohelpsoxygenatethesoil,promotinghealthyricegrowth.Additionally,duckdroppingsactasnaturalfertilizers,enrichingthesoilandboostingcropyields.Thiseco-friendlyapproachnotonlyenhancesriceproductionbutalsoprovidesfarmerswithanadditionalsourceofincomefromduckeggsandmeat.Itisapracticalandsustainablesolutionforsmall-scalefarmersseekingtomaximizeproductivityandminimizeecologicalimpact.Referenceanswers(2)Aquaponics(養(yǎng)耕共生)Aquaponicsisanagriculturalmethodthatcombinesaquaculturewithhydroponicstocultivatebothaquaticanimalsandplantsinwater.Inthisintegratedsystem,fishwasteprovidesessentialnutrientsforplantgrowth,whiletheplantsnaturallyfilterandcleanthewaterforthefish,thuscreatingasymbioticrelationship.ReferenceanswersThissystemreducestheneedforchemicalfertilizersandminimizeswaterusage,makingaquaponicsaneco-friendlyalternativetotraditionalfarmingpractices.Byadoptingaquaponics,farmerscangrowawidevarietyofcrops,suchasleafygreens,herbs,andothervegetables,alongsideaquaticanimalsliketilapiaorshrimp.Itishighlyspace-efficientandcanbeimplementedingreenhousesorsmall-scalefarms.ReferenceanswersBycombiningfoodproductionwithenvironmentalbenefits,aquaponicsoffersasolutiontochallengessuchaslimitedarableland,waterscarcity,andthetransitiontosustainablefarmingpractices.ReferenceanswersPre-readingMatchthefollowingfarmingtoolswiththeirnamesinEnglish.A.AmaranthB.AvocadoC.FonioD.MaizeE.MoringaF.QuinoaG.RiceH.TeffI.WheatDGIABCHFEStructureanalysisFillineachofthefollowingblankswithonekeywordreflectingthearticle’sstructurallogic.1.[Paras.1-3]Thearticlebeginswiththecontrastbetweentoday’sheavy(1)__________onafewstaplecropswithover(2)________ediblespecies.Itbrieflymentionsthepotentialandtheimportanceofthese"forgottencrops"toimprovefoodsystems.reliance7,0002.[Paras.4-8]Thearticleexploreshowthesecropswere(3)___________throughagriculturalpracticesinhistory,andhowtheyhavebeen(4)___________duetomodernfarming.Itthendealswithtwobenefitsofrediscoveringtheforgottencrops:(5)________________and(6)_____________perspectives.adapteddisplacedenvironmentalnutritional3.[Paras.9-14]Finally,thearticleaddressesthe(7)___________ofrevitalizingforgottencrops.Obstaclesincludethelackof(8)____________,severalmisconceptions,andariskofmarket-driven(9)____________.Theconclusionofthearticlestressesthatreintroducingforgottencropsrequiresa(10)_________approach.challengesawarenessexploitationholisticBuildingafuturewithcropsfromthepast1

Today,justahandfulofcropsdominateourdiets,withwheat,rice,andcorn(alsoknownasmaize)accountingforalmosthalfoftheworld’sdailycaloricintake.

Yet,scientistssaythatarichtapestryofover7,000edibleplantspeciesexists,largelyoverlooked,rightinfrontofoureyes.

Thestrikingcontrastbetweenourheavyrelianceonafewspeciesandtheabundanceofedibleplantsavailableinnatureunveilsacriticalissueinmodernagriculture.

2

Increasinghomogeneityinfoodsystemsraisesconcernsaboutfoodandnutritionsecurity,foodsovereignty,andenvironmentalsustainability.Withglobalfooddemandexpectedtoincreasesignificantlyby2050,theneedtorethinkouragriculturalparadigmscallsforurgentaction.3Recenttrendsinfoodandenvironmentalsciencemightgiveusaglimpseofhope,suchastherevitalizationofwhatwenowcallforgottencrops,alsoknownasindigenous,lost,traditional,orunderutilizedcrops.Thesecrops,oncecornerstonesofancientdiets,offerarepositoryofnutritionandresiliencethatcouldbekeytofuturesustainability.

4Throughouthistory,peopleworldwidehavereliedondiversecropsforsubsistence.Thesecrops,originatingfromthedomesticationofwildspecies,datebacktotheearlydaysofhumancivilization,whereagriculturesymbolizedtheintimaterelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheenvironment.Eachofthemadaptedtoitsuniqueecologicalnichebothnaturallyandthroughselectivecultivation.Naturalselectionfavorstraitsenhancingsurvivalinnature,whereasthepracticeofagriculturalselectionisintentional,withfarmersbreedingplantsfordesirabletraitslikehigheryields,sweeterfruits,orpestresistance.

5Yet,despitetheirimportance,theselocallyadaptedandnutritiouscropshaverapidlyslippedintoobscurity,displacedbytheriseofmodernagriculture.Sincethegreenrevolutionofthemid-20thcentury,theadventofindustrialfarminghasculminatedinasignificantreductioninagriculturaldiversity.

6Thishasnotcomewithoutconsequences:Theincreasingrelianceonalimitedselectionofcropshasprogressivelyunderminedtheresilienceofourfoodsystems.Themorehomogenousasystemis,themorevulnerableitbecomestopests,diseases,andenvironmentalstresses.Ontopofthat,thedeclineoftraditionalcropshaserodedtheknowledgerelatedtotheircultivationandculinaryuses,threateningthecollectiveagronomicheritagethatsustainedcommunitiesforgenerationsanddisconnectingpeoplesfromtherootsoftheirculturalidentity.

7Butwhyisthedisappearanceofthesecropsathreattothehealthofourfoodsystems,andwhatarethebenefitsoftheirrediscovery?Thereisbroadevidencethatcultivatingforgottencropscouldofferabundantenvironmentalandnutritionalbenefits.First,theseplantsareoftenresilienttoadverseclimateconditionsandpoorsoilquality–anabilitynottobeunderestimatedinthefaceoftheclimatecrisis.Thisresiliencereducestheneedformanyexternalinputs,suchaswater,fertilizers,andpesticides,promotingsustainablefarmingpracticesandboostingsoilfertility.8

Fromahealthperspective,forgottencropsarerealtreasurechestsofvitamins,minerals,andessentialnutrients.Thisisduebothtothequalityofthesoiltheygrowinandtotheirgeneticheritage,whichhasbeenlargelypreservedthroughtraditionalfarmingmethods.Cropsliketeff,fonio,moringa,andamarantharenotjustnaturallyrobustbutalsonutritionallyrich.Theycouldbecriticalinaddressingmicronutrientdeficiencies,especiallyinregionswithlimitedfooddiversityandnutritioninsecurity.9Althoughforgottencropsrepresentavalidsolutiontosomeofthemultifacetedissuesaffectingourcurrentfoodsystems,severalchallengespreventthewidespreadrevitalizationofthesehiddengemsfromthepast.10Oneofthegreatestlimitationsisthelackofawarenessandknowledgeabouttheseplants,bothamongfarmersandconsumers.Themajordeclineintheircultivationhascreatedaprofounddisconnectbetweenthesetime-testedsolutionsandmodernfoodsystems.Bridgingthisdivideischallenging,asitrequiresasystemicshiftthatnotonlybringsthesecropsbacktoourfieldsbutalsorealignsmodernagriculturalpracticeswithancientwisdom.11

Thereareseveralmisconceptionsaboutthetaste,cookingmethods,andmarketappealofthesecrops,whichcanfurtherimpedetheirreintroduction.Althoughcreatingamarketdemandforthesespeciesisimperativetoeffectivelyreintroducethemintoourdiets,itiseasiersaidthandone.Firstly,itinvolveseducatingconsumersaboutthebenefitsandculinarycharacteristicsofthesecropsthatarenowlongforgotten.Secondly,itrequiressupportingfarmersthroughoutthetransitiontocultivatethem.Thisisnotaneasyjob:Itnecessitatesprovidingaccesstoseeds,economicincentives,andcapacitybuildingonsustainablefarmingpractices.

12Inadditiontothesechallenges,thereisarealriskofmarket-drivenexploitationifthesecropsbecometrendyinwealthiercountries.Asseenwithquinoa,avocados,andothersuperfoods,anincreaseindemandcanquicklyleadtoover-cultivationandenvironmentaldegradationintheregionswherethesecropsaretraditionallygrown.Thisnotonlystresseslocalecosystemsbutcanalsoleadtosocialandeconomicissuesforlocalcommunitiesingrowingregions.Forinstance,asthesecropsbecomemorelucrativeontheglobalmarket,localpricesmayrise,makingthemunaffordableforlocalpopulations.13Reintroducingforgottencropsisacriticalsteptowardconsolidatingmoresustainableandresilientfoodsystems.Theycanhelpusredesignmoreenvironmentallyappropriateagriculturalpracticeswhileboostingthenutritionalprofileofourmoderndiets.However,cultivatingthesecropsisnotjustaboutplantingtheirseeds;itisaboutcultivatinganewmarket,aculture,andanappreciationfortheiruniquevalue.14Effectivechangerequiresaholisticapproach.Essentialfirststepstowardreintegratingthesevaluablecropsintoourfoodsystemsandcollectiveconsciousnessincludepolicymakingthatfostersagrobiodiversitybothatthefarmandthemarketlevel,scientificresearchthatdeepensourunderstandingofthesecrops,andeducationaloutreachthatinformsandempowersusasconsumers.

BackgroundinformationGreenrevolutionThegreenrevolutionreferstoasignificantincreaseinfoodgrainproduction,particularlywheatandrice,achievedduringthemid-20thcenturythroughtheintroductionofhigh-yieldcropvarieties.ItsearlydramaticsuccessesoccurredinMexicoandIndiabeforeitgraduallyspreadtoothercountries.Thenewvarietiesrevolutionizedagriculture,helpingreducepovertyandhungerinmanyregions.BackgroundinformationHowever,theheavyrelianceonchemicalfertilizersandpesticidesraisedconcernsaboutaffordabilityandenvironmentaldamage.Despitethesechallenges,thegreenrevolutionremainsapivotalmomentinagriculturalhistoryforitsroleinaddressingglobalfoodsecurity.handfulSomewordsendingin“-ful”looklikeadjectives,buttheyareactuallynouns.Thesenounsrefertoaspecificamountorquantitythatcanfitintoacontainerorbecontainedwithinsomething.Otherexamplesinclude:spoonful,armful,fistful,mouthful,andsoon.[Exercises]Fillintheblankswiththecorrectwordinthebox.armfulbasketfulfistfulmouthfulspoonfulAfterpickingthestrawberries,shecollecteda__________offreshfruittotakehome.Thechefaddeda__________ofsugartotherecipe,makingitperfectlysweet.basketfulspoonfularmfulbasketfulfistfulmouthfulspoonfulHegrabbedan_________ofwheatfromthefieldandbroughtittothemillforgrinding.-A__________ofseedswasscatteredacrossthefieldtoplantthenextcrop.-Afteralongdayofwork,hetookalarge__________ofwaterandrestedforawhile.armfulfistfulmouthfulmaizen.

[U](BrE)玉米tapestryTheword“tapestry”referstoapieceofthicktextilefabricwithpicturesordesignsformedbyweavingcoloredthreadsorbyembroideringoncanvas,usedasawallhangingorsoftfurnishing.Itcanalsobeusedmetaphoricallytorefertosomethingcomplexandrichlydetailed.e.g.

Theagriculturalsystem,withdiversecrops,soiltypes,farmingpractices,andseasonalcycles,formsarichtapestrythatreflectsthebalancebetweennature,technology,andhumanintervention.abundance“Abundance”meansalargequantityofsomething(充裕；豐富).Itiscommonlyusedwiththepreposition“of,”suchas“anabundanceofresources.”e.g.

Thefertilesoilandfavorableclimateallowedlocalfarmerstoproduceanabundanceofcropsthisseason.unveil“Unveil”meanstorevealortomakeknown(向公眾透露；揭示).Itisformedbycombiningtheprefix“un-”withtherootword“veil,”anditisoftenusedinformalorsignificantcontextstodescribetheactionofbringingsomethingtolightorexposingittoview.e.g.

Scientistsplantounveilagroundbreakingirrigationsystemdesignedtoimprovewaterefficiencyinagriculture.homogeneityn.

[U]thequalityofconsistingofpartsorpeoplethataresimilartoeachotherorareofthesametype同種；同質(zhì)Theword“homogeneity”referstothequalityofconsistingofpartsorpeoplethataresimilartoeachotherorareofthesametype(同種；同質(zhì)).Inthecontextoffoodsystems,itreferstothetrendofreducingdiversityinfoodproduction,whichmaymanifestasarelianceonfewertypesofcropsortheadoptionofcentralizedfarmingpractices.Thislackofdiversitycanmakefoodsystemsmorevulnerabletopests,diseases,orclimatechange,anditcanalsoreducelocalcontroloverfoodproduction.e.g.

Increasinghomogeneityinglobalfoodsupplieshasledtoadeclineincropdiversity,raisingconcernsaboutfoodsecurityandenvironmentalresilience.givesomebodyaglimpseof“Givesomebodyaglimpseof”meanstoprovideabrieforpartialvieworinsightintosomething.e.g.

Thedocumentarygivesviewersaglimpseoftraditionalfarmingmethodsstillusedinremotevillages.indigenousa.

usedtorefertoplantsandanimalsthatgroworlivenaturallyinaplace,andhavenotbeenbroughttherefromsomewhereelse當(dāng)?shù)氐?；本土的；土生土長的underutilizeda.(also

underused)notusedasmuchasitcouldorshouldbe未充分利用的；浪費的repositoryA“repository”referstoanabundantsourceorsupply(豐富的資源；充足的供應(yīng)).Itcanalsorefertoacontainerorplacewherethingsaredepositedandstored(貯藏器；貯藏所；倉庫).e.g.

Traditionalseedbanksserveasrepositoriesofgeneticdiversity,preservingcropsthatmightotherwisebelost.domesticationn.

[U]theprocessofbringinganimalsorplantsunderhumancontrolinordertoprovidefood,power,orcompany馴化；馴養(yǎng)；人工培植niche

n.[C]anenvironmentthathasallthethingsthataparticularplantoranimalneedsinordertolive生態(tài)位（滿足某種植物或動物一切生存所需的最小環(huán)境單位）ajob,activity,etc.thatisverysuitableforsb.稱心的工作；

合適的事情naturalselectionn.

[U]theprocessbywhichonlyplantsandanimalsthatarenaturallysuitableforlifeintheirenvironmentwillcontinuetoliveandbreed,whileallotherswilldieout自然選擇greenrevolutionn.

[sing.]theincreaseinag