專題八概要寫作【題型把握】則要求學(xué)生基于短文進(jìn)行要點(diǎn)提煉。這不僅要求考生有豐富的詞匯和語法知識，而且要求考生有較強(qiáng)的語言表達(dá)能力和邏輯思維能力。概要寫作作為綜合性語言測試，是一種將閱讀和寫作緊密結(jié)合的考查形式。概要寫作主要考查考生對文章主旨大意和整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力、準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵信息的能力以及用自己的語言概括文章的能力。1．浙江省作為高考綜合改革的試點(diǎn)省份，從2016年10月份開始，正式啟動(dòng)外語科目一年兩次考試，其中英語學(xué)科高考書面表達(dá)部分除應(yīng)用文寫作外，首次引入了讀后續(xù)寫和概要寫作兩種新的寫作題型，并在不同考次中不定期交替使用。2．截至2022年8月1日,在最新的一輪高中課改推動(dòng)下,英語學(xué)科新題型“概要寫作”已經(jīng)在浙江、山東等省份的高考中出現(xiàn),北京、重慶、江蘇、上海等也出現(xiàn)過?！局R清單】【題型要求】次要點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容，再現(xiàn)原作者的思想、觀點(diǎn)。《考試說明》對本題型的要求是提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。評分參考：（1）準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨及其所要表達(dá)的中心思想；（2）對英語詞匯和語法可以靈活準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用；（3）文章句與句之間要有一定的連貫性；（4）各語句間在連貫的基礎(chǔ)上，也要具有一定的獨(dú)立性。注意：詞數(shù)少于40和多于80的，從總分中減去2分?！窘忸}步驟】Step1?讀懂原文，抓住大意章的內(nèi)部邏輯關(guān)系。Step2?定位主題句，找到關(guān)鍵下來。Step3?組織語言，轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)的語言表達(dá)要點(diǎn)，避免使用原文句子，可對原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行同義詞或近義詞替換，或者轉(zhuǎn)換句式。技巧1?簡潔概括閱讀的過程中掌握簡潔概括各段落及全文主旨大意的技巧，為進(jìn)一步的概要寫作作好鋪墊。技巧2?刪減細(xì)節(jié)具體描述、事例、數(shù)據(jù)及論據(jù)等。技巧3?同義替換概要寫作的高考評分最高檔次(第五檔)中的第四條(完全使用自己的語言)說明在寫作過程中考生需要對原文信息進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐x替換，避免摘抄原文句子。因此，熟練掌握同義替換不僅能彰顯考生的寫作實(shí)力，而且也是取得高分的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。技巧4?運(yùn)用增分句式章增色的一個(gè)技巧。寫作過程中可以運(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)以及省略句、復(fù)合句等句式。技巧5?巧用銜接詞考生在寫概要時(shí)也應(yīng)充分考慮文章中體現(xiàn)出來的邏輯關(guān)系，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┿暯釉~，以使完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊并且邏輯合理。【高分策略】(一)避讓失分點(diǎn)失分點(diǎn)1?概括部分要點(diǎn)不明。失分點(diǎn)2?未對文章進(jìn)行概括，摘抄文中原句。失分點(diǎn)3?表達(dá)單一，缺乏高級詞匯和句型。失分點(diǎn)4?銜接不自然，對各類體裁沒有清晰的寫作框架。(二)掌握提分點(diǎn)1、五審題目，不失基本分(1)審要求：所要求寫作的短文是針對所給短文的概括寫作；詞數(shù)應(yīng)為60左右。(2)審體裁：明確所給短文的體裁，確定概要寫作的格式。(3)審時(shí)態(tài)：確定所給短文的時(shí)態(tài)，避免概要寫作部分出現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。(4)審主題：文章的主題句有時(shí)直接出現(xiàn)在文章的首尾段，有時(shí)則需要對文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提煉和總結(jié)。(5)言概述成段，同時(shí)應(yīng)注意內(nèi)容之間的合理銜接。2、四大技巧，巧得能力分(1)高度概括，刪減細(xì)節(jié)：簡明扼要地概括文章主旨要義，刪減具體例子；(2)(3)善用高分銜接詞：恰當(dāng)使用高分銜接詞，更好地表達(dá)文章的邏輯關(guān)系；(4)書寫規(guī)范工整：卷面開啟“美顏”特效，巧得“印象分”?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】1．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Online“friends”–athreattodevelopmentTheimpactoftechnologyonthenatureofourfriendshipshasbeenamuch-debatedtopicsincethedramaticriseofsocialnetworks.Advancesinmobiletechnologyandsocialnetworkingwebsitesmeanwespendmoretimeonlinethaneverbefore.Itisthereforenotsurprisingthatsomanypsychologists,sociologists,andothersareeagertogivetheirthoughtsonhowthisisimpactingnegativelyonoursociety.Thereisoneelementofsocialnetworkingthatisdeeplyworrying.Wefindourselvesinahyper-connectedworldwherepeopleaccesssocialmediadayandnight,excitedtomakeannouncementsaboutthetiniestdetailsoftheirlives.Researchisstartingtoshowthatthiscultureisnegativelyaffectingnotourfriendshipsbutourcharacter.ProfessorLarryD．Rosensaysthatyoungpeoplewhooverusesocialnetworkingsitescanbecomeineffective,anddisplayanti-socialbehaviorintheirofflinelives.Butperhapsanevenmoredisturbingeffectisthatoneofourmostbasicemotionsseemstobedisappearing--empathy.Thisistheemotionthatallowsustoseetheworldfromourfriends’pointsofview.Withoutit,wearefarlessabletoconnectandformmeaningfuladultrelationships.ProfessorSherryTurklesuggeststhatpeoplearenolongercomfortablebeingalone.Thisissomethingconfirmedbyastudywhere200universitystudentswereaskedtogowithoutsocialmediafor24hours.Manyadmittedanaddictiontotheironlinesocialnetwork;mostcomplainedthattheyfeltcutofffromfamilyandfriends.Andyetbeingaloneisatimewhenweself-reflectandgetintouchwithwhowereallyare.Itisonlywhenwedothisthatwecanmakemeaningfulfriendshipswithothers.Thesepotentialchangesinourcharactersareratheralarming,soitisclearthatwecan’tneglectthosenegativeimpactsofsocialnetworks.【答案】Researcherssaysocialmediahasahugenegativeimpactonus.First,excessiveuseofsocialmediacancauseanti-socialbehaviorandthedisappearanceofempathy.Besides,socialmediamakespeopledislikesolitudewhichcanmakeusreflectonourselvesandtouchtherealself.Inaword,wemustpayattentiontothenegativeimpactofsocialmedia.【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)是概要寫作，要求概括研究人員稱社交媒體對我們有很大的負(fù)面影響，首先，過度接觸真實(shí)的自我，我們必須重視社交媒體的負(fù)面影響。注意詞數(shù)要求和使用自己的語言?！驹斀狻?、寫之前，需要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地讀幾遍原文材料，讓理解更深刻。2、遵循原文的邏輯順序，對重要部分的主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。3、給摘要起一個(gè)好標(biāo)題，比如：可以采用文中的主題句。4、盡量使用自己的話完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一長。2．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Manyschoolsdonotpaytherightamountofattentiontohealtheducationasitisoftenconsideredasanunimportantsubject.Andmanyparentsareinterestedinthebasiceducationoftheirteenagers—reading,writingandmathematics—butarenotinterestedintheteachingofhealth.Thisisnotright.Healtheducationprovidesanintroductiontothehumanbodyandtofactorsthatimproveordamagehealth.Knowingtheknowledgeabouthealthcanhelpstudentsbecomehealthyandlivehappily.Healtheducationdoesnotonlyconcentrateonbeingphysicallyhealthy.Italsofocusesonemotionalhealth.Educatingstudentsontheimportanceofhealthbuildstheirmotivation(動(dòng)力).Asaresult,theywilltrytheirbesttokeepingoodhealth,preventillnessandavoidriskybehavior.Lettingstudentsknowtheimportanceofgoodhealthinschoolshelpsstudentsmakehealthylifechoiceswhentheygrowolder.Ithelpsthemunderstandthedangerofusingdrugs,smokinganddrinkingalcohol.Ithelpspreventvariousinjuriesanddiseases.Studentsthesedaysarehighlystressed.Beingstressedtogetbettergrades,tolookgood,tobelongtotherightgroupsandtodressrightcanallmakeforastressfullife.Oncetheycompletetheireducation,workstresscanmaketheproblembecomeworse.Familylifecanalsoaddalargeamountofstresstostudents’lives.Healtheducationalsoconcentratesonstressandhelpsstudentslearntohandlepressuresothattheycancreateahealthyandpositivestateofmind.Asteenagers,theymayalsodonotknowhowtomanagetheirtime.Thispreventsthemfromputting100%ofthemselvesintotheirtasks.Forexample,schooltasksrequirestricttimemanagement,andstudentswhoareunabletomanagetimefallbehind.Thus,healtheducationisanecessarypartoftheeducationprocess.Itcanteachstudentstomanagetheirtimewellinordertobemoreproductive.【答案】Healtheducationisveryimportanttoteenagers.(要點(diǎn)1)First,healtheducationconcentratesonteenagers’physicalandemotionalhealthandrealizingtheimportanceofhealth,teenagersarelikelytomakehealthylifechoices.(要點(diǎn)2)Second,healtheducationhelpsteenagersdealwithstressandliveapositivelife.(要點(diǎn)3)Third,healtheducationteachesteenagersgoodtimemanagementskillsandmakesthemmoreefficient.(要點(diǎn)4)【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹說，健康教育往往是學(xué)校和家庭容易忽視的一環(huán)，然而事實(shí)上健康教育對青少年至關(guān)重要?！驹斀狻?.要點(diǎn)摘錄①Healtheducationprovidesanintroductiontothehumanbodyandtofactorsthatimproveordamagehealth.Knowingtheknowledgeabouthealthcanhelpstudentsbecomehealthyandlivehappily.②Healtheducationdoesnotonlyconcentrateonbeingphysicallyhealthy.Italsofocusesonemotionalhealth.③Studentsthesedaysarehighlystressed.④healtheducationisanecessarypartoftheeducationprocess.Itcanteachstudentstomanagetheirtimewellinordertobemoreproductive.2.縝密構(gòu)思將第1324兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合。3.遣詞造句It'snecessarytovrealizetheimportanceofhealthTeenagersarelikelytomakehealthylifechoicesHealtheducationhelpsteenagersnotonlydealwithstress,butalsoliveapositivelife.3．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Sellingyourstuffonlinedoesnotonlyhelptodeclutter(清理)yourhomeandgetridofthingsyoudon’tneed,butitcanalsobeagreatsourceofincome.Booksyou’renotplanningonreadingagaintakingupspaceonyourshelf?Sellthemonline.Upgradingyourphone?Findalocalbuyeronsocialmedia.Sellingonlinecomeswithcertainpitfallstoo,though,anditpaystobediligentwhenyou’recrossingthethreshold(門檻)fromcustomertoseller.Onethingyouneedtoconsidercarefullyistheplatformonwhichyouaregoingtoadvertise.Mostbigplayersinthefieldaresopopularwithsellers,notjustbecausetheycangiveyouaccesstoabiggerpoolofpotentialcustomers,butalsobecausetheyofferinsurancebothtothesellerandthebuyer,whichgivesbothbuyersandsellersmoreconfidence.Thedownside,however,isthatyouwillgenerallyneedtopayanupfrontfee(預(yù)付費(fèi))forusingtheplatform,andmayalsohavetosacrificeacutofyourprofittothecompany.What’smore,youneedtobuildupareputationbeforebuyerscantrustyou-whichmeansyoumighthavetosettleforlowerpricesuntilyouhaveahighrating.Youcanusesomeplatformsthateitherchargeasmallerfeeforadvertisingorevennofeeatall-but,inthatcase,whatyouwillneedtokeepinmindisyoursafety,especiallyifthevalueoftheproductyou’resellingishigh.Mostprospectivebuyerswillbegenuine,butit’salwaysbesttomeetduringthedayatapublicplacesuchasacoffeeshop,alibrary,orasupermarketparkinglot-anywheremonitoredbysecuritycamerasisgood.Alwayskeeptheproductclosetoyou,andcheckthatthemoneyhasbeenreleasedintoyouraccountor-ifyou’rebeingpaidbycash-thatyouhavebeengiventhefullamountbeforerelinquishingyouritems.Afewmorethingstokeepinmind:alwaysbeaccuratewithyourdescriptionsoftheitemsyouareselling,especiallyifadvertisingonabigplatform.Thelastthingyouwantistobeaccusedoffraudandbannedfromthewebsite.Don’tgiveoutyourfullname,either-keepyourlastnameprivate.Identitytheftmightberareinsuchtransactions,butit’salwaysbettertobecareful.Youmightthinkmanyofthesesoundlikecommonsenserules,andtheyare,butmanyfirst-timesellersnaivelyforgettotakeprecautionswhensellingtheirstuffonline.Attheendoftheday,it’suptoyoutodecidethewayinwhichyouarecomfortablewithconductingbusinessonline-butrememberthatasmart,preparedsellerisahappyseller.【答案】(1)Onlinesellingbringsextraincomebutrequirescarefulpreparations.First,chooseacredibleplatformwithawidercustomerbaseandinsurance,andlowerthepriceuntilyou’veestablishedafinereputation.Evenifyoucannotaffordtheprepaidfeeofaplatform,makesuretransactionstakeplacesafely.It’salsoessentialtoprovidehonestitemdescriptionsandprotectpersonalprivacy.(60)(2)Severalthingsaboutsellingonlineareworthnoting.Firstly,properplatformsensurecustomersandinsurance,thoughanupfrontfeeandagoodreputationarerequired.Secondly,alwayskeepsafetyinmind,meetbuyersinpublicandkeeptheproductuntilyoureceivethepayment.Thirdly,avoidinaccurateproductdescriptionandrevealingyourfullname.Becarefulwhenyousellonline.【詳解】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了在網(wǎng)上銷售自己不需要東西的時(shí)候應(yīng)注意的一些問題及銷售方法。1.要點(diǎn)摘錄①Sellingyourstuffonlinedoesnotonlyhelptodeclutter(清理)yourhomeandgetridofthingsyoudon’tneed,butitcanalsobeagreatsourceofincome.②Onethingyouneedtoconsidercarefullyistheplatformonwhichyouaregoingtoadvertise.③Mostbigplayersinthefieldaresopopularwithsellers,notjustbecausetheycangiveyouaccesstoabiggerpoolofpotentialcustomers,butalsobecausetheyofferinsurancebothtothesellerandthebuyer,whichgivesbothbuyersandsellersmoreconfidence.④Thedownside,however,isthatyouwillgenerallyneedtopayanupfrontfee(預(yù)付費(fèi))forusingtheplatform,andmayalsohavetosacrificeacutofyourprofittothecompany.⑤What’smore,youneedtobuildupareputationbeforebuyerscantrustyou-whichmeansyoumighthavetosettleforlowerpricesuntilyouhaveahighrating.⑥Afewmorethingstokeepinmind:alwaysbeaccuratewithyourdescriptionsoftheitemsyouareselling,especiallyifadvertisingonabigplatform.⑦Don’tgiveoutyourfullname,either-keepyourlastnameprivate.Identitytheftmightberareinsuchtransactions,butit’salwaysbettertobecareful.2.縝密深思把要點(diǎn)1重組；要點(diǎn)2、3、4整合；要點(diǎn)6和要點(diǎn)7重組，整合。3.遣詞造句Sellingyourstuffonlinenotonlyhelpdeclutteryourhome,butitcanalsobringextraincome.Onethingtoconsidercarefullyistheplatform.Acredibleplatformusuallyhasawidercustomerbaseandofferinsurance.Thedownside,however,isthatyouwillgenerallyneedtopayanupfrontfeeforusingtheplatform.Besides,youhavetosettleforlowerpricessoastobuildupagoodreputation.Alwayskeepinmindthatbeaccuratewiththedescriptionsofitemsyouaresellingandbecarefulofyourprovacy.4．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Nowadays,parentsareveryworriedbecausetheirchildrenspendhoursandhoursinfrontoftheTVscreen.Asthisdoesn’thappentoonlyonespecifickindoffamily,manyexpertswarnusthattheycanbesomeseriouseffectsonchildrenwatchingviolenceontelevision.ChildrenwhobecomeaddictedtoTVturnontheTVassoonastheygethome.Althoughtheyhavelotsofhomework,theybecomeabsorbedinTVprograms.SincetheyspendtonsoftimewatchingTV,theyhavelesstimetoenjoyreallifeactivities,suchasplayingoutdoorsportswithfriends,orenjoyingotherkindsofentertainment.TherearetoomanyviolentthingsonTV,someexpertssaythereare25actsofviolenceperhouronTV.Inaddition,therearemanyexperimentsbypsychologistswhichshowhowTVviolenceinfluenceschildren.Finally,peopleworrythatchildrentendtoimitatewhattheywatchonTVandmaystarttobehavemoreaggressively.Whatshouldbedone?Firstofall,thegovernmentshouldregulateTVviolence.Itshouldalsoencouragepeopletoinventanddevelopnewtechnologywhichcanblockviolentscenesfromtheprogrammeschildrenwatch.Forexample,witharatingsystemandtheV-chip,inappropriatescenesofviolenceandsexcanbeblockedout.Second,parentsshouldmonitorwhattheirchildrenwatch.Atthesametimetheyshouldinteresttheirchildreninreallifeactivities.Thenwhenthechildrenstarttospendmoretimeplayingwithfriendsorreadingbooks,parentscanstoptheirmonitoring.ItisafactthatthereismoreviolenceonTVtodaythantherewastenyearsago.Moreover,violentincidentsoccurmorefrequently.It’stimetorealizehowharmfulwatchingTVviolenceis,andit’stimetosaveourchildrenfromviolence.【答案】高分范文1It’sacommonphenomenonthatchildrenspendtoomanyhourswatchingTV.Worsestill,experimentscarriedoutbypsychologistshaveprovenviolentscenescanresultinchildren’saggressiveacts.Topreventthis,TVviolenceshouldbeblockedandchildrenshouldbemonitoredwhentheywatchTV.Inall,it’sverytimeforustobecomeawareoftheseriousnessoftheissueandtakemeasurestoencouragechildrentoputmoretimeintoreallifeactivitiesratherthantelevisionprogram.高分范文2WithchildrenspendingquantitiesoftimewatchingTVandlesstimeparticipatinginreallifeactivities,expertspointthatTVviolencecanexertapassiveimpactonchildren.Moreover,onlywhenTVviolenceisrestrictedappropriatelyandchildrenaretaughthowtoarrangetheirtimereasonablycanwewellsettletheproblem.Confrontedwithsuchadisturbingsituation,itishightimeweshouldtakeactiontopreventchildrenfromviolence.【詳解】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹說，專家指出，由于兒童花大量時(shí)間看電視，而參與實(shí)際生活活動(dòng)的時(shí)間較少，電視暴力會對兒童產(chǎn)生消極影響。此外，只有適當(dāng)限制電視暴力，教會孩子們?nèi)绾魏侠戆才艜r(shí)間，我們才能很好地解決這個(gè)問題。面對如此令人不安的情況，我們是時(shí)候采取行動(dòng)防止兒童暴力了?！驹斀狻?.要點(diǎn)摘錄①Asthisdoesn’thappentoonlyonespecifickindoffamily,manyexpertswarnusthattheycanbesomeseriouseffectsonchildrenwatchingviolenceontelevision.②SincetheyspendtonsoftimewatchingTV,theyhavelesstimetoenjoyreallifeactivities,suchasplayingoutdoorsportswithfriends,orenjoyingotherkindsofentertainment.③Itshouldalsoencouragepeopletoinventanddevelopnewtechnologywhichcanblockviolentscenesfromtheprogrammeschildrenwatch.④It’stimetorealizehowharmfulwatchingTVviolenceis,andit’stimetosaveourchildrenfromviolence.2.縝密構(gòu)思將第1、4兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重組，將第2、3兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合。3.遣詞造句WithchildrenspendingquantitiesoftimewatchingTVandlesstimeparticipatinginreallifeactivities,expertspointthatTVviolencecanexertapassiveimpactonchildren.Moreover,onlywhenTVviolenceisrestrictedappropriatelyandchildrenaretaughthowtoarrangetheirtimereasonablycanwewellsettletheproblem.Confrontedwithsuchadisturbingsituation,itishightimeweshouldtakeactiontopreventchildrenfromviolence.5Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Absent-mindedness“Mosteventsofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,”saysDr.DanielSchacter,adistinguishedpsychologistandmemoryscientist.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”“Encoding,”Schacterexplains,“isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.”Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocketofajacket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetwhereexactlyyouputyourmobilephone.Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou.Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.Asmanypeopleaccept,womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Yes,visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness.Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don'tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsagomaynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox,”saysZelinski,ascientistfromNewYorkUniversity.Therearemanycasesinlifewherewomencanrememberpricesofbagsofdifferentbrandswhiletheytendtoforgetthespecificplacewheretheyputtheirbags.【答案】Lackofattentionorinterestcanresultinabsent-mindedness.Lackofattentionreferseithertonotgivinginformationtoyourmemorysystemeffectivelyforyoutorecallitlaterortonotrecognizingvisualcuesintheenvironment,inwhichcasethecueshouldbevisualandapproachable.Lackofinterestcausesustoforgetwhatmightotherwiseberemembered.【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹說，缺乏注意力或興趣會導(dǎo)致心不在焉。缺乏注意力是指沒有有效地將信息提供給你的記憶系統(tǒng)以便你以后回憶它，或者是沒有識別環(huán)境中的視覺線索。同時(shí)，缺乏興趣也會導(dǎo)致心不在焉，會使我們忘記原本可以記住的東西?！驹斀狻?.要點(diǎn)摘錄①“Mosteventsofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,”saysDr.DanielSchacter,adistinguishedpsychologistandmemoryscientist.②“Encoding,”Schacterexplains,“isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.”③Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.④Yes,visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness.⑤Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.2.縝密構(gòu)思將第①、⑤兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重組，將第②、③、④三個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合。3.遣詞造句①Lackofattentionorinterestcanresultinabsent-mindedness.②Lackofattentionreferseithertonotgivinginformationtoyourmemorysystemeffectivelyforyoutorecallitlaterortonotrecognizingvisualcuesintheenvironment.③Lackofinterestcausesustoforgetwhatmightotherwiseberemembered.【高考真題】1．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Parentstendtogotoextremeswhenitcomestopraisingtheirkids.(要點(diǎn)一)Yet,bothtoomuchandtoolittlepraisecanbeequallydamaging.(要點(diǎn)二)Whengivingpraise,parentsshouldbesincereandconcentrateontheprocessinsteadoftheresult.(要點(diǎn)三)Similarly,theyoughttogivepraiseforhowmuchefforttheirkidshaveinvestedintheworkthey’reinvolvedin.(要點(diǎn)四)【分析】學(xué)生在實(shí)現(xiàn)自由的思維表達(dá)之前，對他人的信息在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括表達(dá)的能力。選材上，提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，題材不限，要求考生寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要?！驹斀狻客瓿梢黄乓獙懽?，需要經(jīng)過三個(gè)步驟，1.清楚不同體裁的文章的內(nèi)部邏輯關(guān)系以及文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。2.確性以及高級性，不全盤照抄原文句子，盡量用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)，同時(shí)要注意篇幅的比例安排，用較多的文字去表達(dá)重要的內(nèi)容。3.通讀全文，邏輯連貫。要牢記各段落要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系和自然銜接，用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞去連貫全文。2．[浙江2018年11月]閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顧問),anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Toinsureabrilliantcollegelife,you'dbettersparetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcolleges,evenifitmaybecostly.(要點(diǎn)1)Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply.(要點(diǎn)2)Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble.(要點(diǎn)3)However,ifnotpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmoney,visitingtheonlinecollegefairsatwillbebeneficial.(要點(diǎn)4)【詳解】1.審題：(1)時(shí)態(tài)：以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主；(2)人稱：以第二人稱為主；(3)體裁：說明文。2.寫作要點(diǎn)：每段的中心大意為：第一段：為確保未來幾年能度過精彩的大學(xué)生活，你最好抽時(shí)間提前到大學(xué)校園去看一看，全面了解你夢想中的大學(xué)，雖然這可能要花些錢，但非常值得；第二段：如果你住在大學(xué)附近，一定要在申請之前去看一下；第三段：即使你已經(jīng)申請了學(xué)校，到大學(xué)去看看也能為你省去許多麻煩；第四段：如果你因?yàn)闆]有空或者沒有錢而不能去的話，訪問網(wǎng)站上的大學(xué)網(wǎng)上展館是很有益處的。3．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BecominganAttractiveEmployeeThe2008financialcrisiscreatedanunstablejobmarket.Fast-forwardtothepresent,andtheeconomyhasnotfullyrecovered.Thus,it’sofvitalimportanceforjobseekerstocarefullystrategizetheirapproachtojobapplication.Andit’sespeciallyimportantforthosenewtotheworkforce.Theyshouldlookatmakingthemselvesasattractiveaspossibletoemployers.Foryoungpeople,informationtechnologyskillswillplayanincreasingroleinthefuture.AsthegenerationtohavegrownupintheInformationAge,theyarequiteconfidentwhenitcomestoshowingofftheirinterestsandskillsinthisfield.Thismakesthemanaturalfitforcompaniesseekingexpertise(專業(yè)技能)intechnology,marketingandnetworking.Theyshouldemphasizetheseskillswhenapplyingforjobsthatrequiretheabilitytomultitask.Anotherattractivequalityisexperience.Itisimportantthatanapplicant'sresumelistanyactivitiesthatinvolvedteamworkandgoal-drivenresponsibilities.Membershipinasportsorsocialclubandparticipationasavolunteeraregoodexamplesofthis.Theseactivitiesinvolvegoalmanagementandplanningalongwiththeabilitytofocuswhilecompetingonateam.Whenhiringcommitteesseethis,theyseeacandidatewhoiscapableofworkinginavarietyofenvironments.Finally,anattractivequalitywhenjob-huntingisagreatattitudetowardapotentialjob.Young