高考英語重點語法思維導圖非謂語動詞01形式及句法功能種類形式意義特征功能動詞不定式to

do主動、將來作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補語to

be

done被動、將來to

be

doing主動、進行to

have

done主動、完成to

have

been

done被動、完成過去分詞done被動、完成作表語、狀語、定語和補語動詞-ing

形式doing主動、進行作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語（不作目的狀語）和補語being

done被動、進行having

done主動、完成having

been

done被動、完成021.動詞-ing形式和動詞不定式都可作主語，但動詞-ing形式多表示一般情況，而不定式常指具體情況。2.動詞-ing形式和動詞不定式作主語時，句子前后應保持結構的一致性。3.“therebe+no+主語”這種結構中通常用動詞-ing形式作主語，而不用動詞不定式。這種結構表示“不可能；無法”，相當于itisimpossibletodosth.。

注意：本句型中的no有時可用notany或neverany代替，如Thereisneveranytellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture.。TeachingEnglishismyjob.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Thereisnoreasoningwithhim.非謂語動詞作主語024.動詞不定式作主語一般可以用形式主語it代替。5.動詞-ing形式作主語用形式主語it代替時，常在特定結構“itis

worthwhile/nogood/nouse/awasteof...”中使用。6.單個動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)；并列不定式或動詞-ing形式作主語時，若指整體概念，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。7.“疑問詞+todo”結構可以作主語、賓語和表語。

Tokeephealthyisimportant.=Itisimportanttokeephealthy.Itisawasteoftimeregrettingwhathappenedinthepast.非謂語動詞作主語Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Wheretofindthelostkeysisstillaproblem.031.動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞均可作表語。但不定式表示具體情況，而動詞-ing形式表示通常狀況，動詞-ing形式和過去分詞均表示主語的狀態(tài)。2.過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：Mymoneyisstolen.（主系表結構，表狀態(tài)或結果）Mymoneywasstolenbyanunemployedguy.（被動語態(tài)，表動作）3.動詞-ing形式作表語與進行時態(tài)的區(qū)別：Hisfavoritesportisplayingfootball.（主系表結構）Hisbehaviorispleasing.（主系表結構）Heisplayingfootball.（現(xiàn)在進行時）Tony'splanistofinishhisessaybytheendofthismonth.非謂語動詞作表語041.單個動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作定語，一般應置于被修飾的名詞前。asleepingboy（動詞-ing形式作定語表示被修飾名詞的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)）

fallenleaves（不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語只表示結果）thebrokenglass（及物動詞的過去分詞作定語既表示被動又表示完成）2.動詞-ing形式短語、過去分詞短語和動詞不定式短語作定語，應置于被修飾的名詞后。Thepersonspeakingnowisourmanager.（正在講話）Thepersontospeakisourmanager.（將要講話）Theroomalreadyrepaired

ismyoffice.（已經(jīng)被維修）Theroombeingrepairedismyoffice.（正在被維修）

The

room

toberepaired

is

my

office.

（將要被維修）非謂語動詞作定語注意①

修飾序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞只能用不定式作定語。②

在“have+賓語+todo”結構中，不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。③

There

be句型中的非謂語動詞作定語，表意如下：

There

is

much

work

to

do/to

be

done.

（將要做）

There

is

a

white

dog

running

on

the

playground.

（正在跑）

There

were

people

killed

in

the

accident.

（已經(jīng)喪生）④

有些名詞后常接不定式作定語，如ability/the

right/the

chance/the

courage/no

time,

etc.。04非謂語動詞作定語051.動詞不定式作狀語表目的、結果和原因2.動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作狀語3.一些連詞常與過去分詞和動詞-ing形式連用，構成狀語從句的省略形式常見的連詞有：when,while,if,unless,once,than,as（按照）,whether,though,although,evenif,eventhough等；asif常與不定式連用，表示將要發(fā)生的動作。Tobehonest,Idon'tlikethosepeoplewhowearstrangeclothes.Hearingthenews,shecriedout.非謂語動詞作狀語Whiledrivingonthehighway,pleasebecareful.注意下列句型的使用Thequestioniseasytoanswer.（不定式用主動形式表被動含義）Thegroundistoowettowalkon.（介詞on不可省略）Heisjusttoogladtodoso.（too被just,only,but修飾，不定式表肯定）Heistooreadytogetangry.（too后加表傾向的形容詞easy,ready以及表心理的形容詞glad,anxious,willing,happy,eager等，不定式表肯定）Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.（too被never,not修飾表示“不會太……而不能”）05非謂語動詞作狀語含介詞to的短語后應接動詞-ing形式作賓語payattentionto,addupto,bedevotedto,lookforwardto,getdownto,bereducedto,stickto,objectto,leadto,be/getusedto（習慣于）,admitto,thanksto,dueto,owingto,beaccustomedto,adaptto,adjustto,contributeto,berelatedto,belinkedto,referto等05非謂語動詞作狀語061.作介詞的賓語（1）介詞but,except后可接不定式作賓語。（2）介詞for之后接動詞-ing形式表用途，不表目的。（3）how/what/where/when/whether等+todo可作介詞的賓語。2.作及物動詞的賓語（1）用動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式作賓語意義差別不大的動詞有begin,

start等。（2）用動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式作賓語意義有差別的動詞（短語）非謂語動詞作賓語動詞不定式和動詞-ing形式作賓語意義有差別①trytodo意為“盡力做某事”，trydoing意為“試著做某事”。②love,like,prefer,hate等后，表具體一次性動作，而動詞-ing表一般習慣性動作。③

stop

to

do意為

“停下去做另一件事”，

stop

doing

意為“停止正在做的事”。④

mean

to

do意為“打算做某事”，mean

doing

意為“意味著”。⑤

want/need/require+doing

是主動形式表示被動含義，相當于to

be

done。⑥

can't

help

to

do意為“不能幫助做某事”，

can't

help

doing

意為“禁不住做某事”。⑦

regret

to

do意為“對感到遺憾”或表原因，

regret

doing

意為“后悔做了某事”。06非謂語動詞作賓語只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語admit,deny,advise,suggest,allow,permit,forbid,avoid,appreciate,consider,finish,delay,enjoy,escape,imagine,keep,mind,miss,mention,practice,quit,resist,risk,recommend,putoff,giveup,insiston,feellike,keepon,thinkof,succeedin,beengagedin,prevent/stop/keep...from等06非謂語動詞作賓語1.【2025年全國高考一卷】“Wehope____55____(present)theratherabstractGogameandAIinavisualcontext,andinitiatedialogueswithminimalistart,conceptualartandexpressionism.”2.【2025年全國高考二卷】Growingup,myfamilyandourneighborsneverusedclotheslinestodryclothing,denyingmethechance____42____(discover)oneofthegreatwondersofsunshine—thesweet“sunshinescent”aftersunningclothesforanentireday.03高考真題topresenttodiscover3.【2025年1月浙江首考】Tanya’sshopoffersfashionclothesforwomen____60____(rent)ratherthanpurchasethemoutright,providingalessexpensivesolutiontoone-timeeventdressing.4.【2025年全國高考二卷】Ifyou’veneverexperiencedthe“sunshinescent”fromasheetorshirt____45____(leave)tosunforaday,well,you’remissingoutononeoflife’swonders.5.【2025年1月浙江首考】Iknowthatdoesn’talwaysmean_____65_____(return)adressontheMondayafteraspecialweekend,”shesays.03高考真題torentleftreturning6.【2025年北京卷】Ihearhimbarkingexcitedly.Isometimescallhimback,worriedthathemighthavesomeone____12____(scare).7.【2025年北京卷】When____17____(travel),weengagewithculturesandexperiences.8.【2024年新課標Ⅰ卷】Scientistshaverespondedby67______(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)onlandastheyareforcedtospendmoretimeonshore.03高考真題scaredtravelingnoting9.【2024年新課標Ⅱ卷】A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61______(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.10.【2024年新課標Ⅱ卷】Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans65______(retire).03高考真題beingtoretire1.【2025·安徽省安慶市第一中學高三模擬】TheypointtodragonsintheWestbeingusuallythoughtofasevilcreatures.Dragons,theysay,aretypicallyseenassymbolsofchaos,_____________(describe)asenemiesinWesternmythologyandliterature.2.【2025·湖北省騰云聯(lián)盟高三上學期8月聯(lián)考】___________（adopt）Chinesetechnicalstandards,theChina-LaosRailwayisChina’sfirst-internationalrailwayprojectprimarilyfundedandbuiltbyChinesecompaniesandconnectedtoChina’srailwaynetwork.04最新試題describedAdopting3.【2025·云南省保山市高三摸底】Andmoretrainservicesarebeingoperatedalongtheline______(meet)passengers’needs.4.【2025·遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟（東北三省三校）高三聯(lián)考】ComparedwithChinesefestivals,whichoftencenteraroundfamilyreu