第2講夾敘夾議文常用以下方法來(lái)解此類型試題：解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀分析結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住作者的觀點(diǎn)借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)，即事例→觀點(diǎn)，觀點(diǎn)→事例，觀點(diǎn)→事例→觀點(diǎn)，體會(huì)記敘和議論的關(guān)系，抓住作者的觀點(diǎn)，明確文章的組織方式?？次恼聦儆谏鲜瞿姆N結(jié)構(gòu)，從而明白作者的寫作思路。重視首句，把握文章主題首句往往是文章的關(guān)鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過(guò)首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作中心，為全面理解文章打開(kāi)一扇“窗戶”。敘議兼顧，理解議論內(nèi)涵夾敘夾議文中敘與議是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，敘是議的基礎(chǔ)，而議是敘的升華。在讀這類文章時(shí)，掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)閿⑹鍪菫樽髡叩淖h論而服務(wù)的。所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來(lái)，再結(jié)合對(duì)人物心理和行為的描述，全面把握文章才能正確解題。抓住轉(zhuǎn)換，理清邏輯關(guān)系抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時(shí)調(diào)整思維方式，理清上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，在充分把握語(yǔ)境的基礎(chǔ)上，辨析詞語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)Asabusinesswoman，Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection，41canalsodriveyoumad.They’llcomerushingin，42theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll43thattheyleftitinthechangingroom，createhavoc(混亂)andthen44ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.They’llhaveouthalfthe45intheshop，andwanttheonlystyleyoudon’thaveleftina46colour.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget，butItrytopersuadethemtokeep47.Irememberthefirstreally48customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas49absolutelyeverything，nothingwasrightandIwasrather50thatshebecamea“regular”．Afterawhile，she51forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore，waslivinginaflat52，andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith(應(yīng)對(duì))，she’dtakenitouton53people.Thattaughtmeavaluable54andIpassitontothepeoplewho55inthemarket.Don’ttakeit56.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult，justthink“Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snot57.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego(自我)get58.Ifyoudo，youwon’tbeableto59itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat60everyone’sday.41．A.shopkeepers B．customersC．salespersons D．receptionists42．A.saying B．pretendingC．guessing D．replying43．A.agree B．promiseC．imagine D．swear44．A.forget B．decideC．discover D．a(chǎn)ssume45．A.foods B．cataloguesC．belongings D．goods46．A.particular B．differentC．matching D．natural47．A.fighting B．smilingC．waiting D．changing48．A.generous B．politeC．careless D．difficult49．A.curiousabout B．displeasedwithC．patientwith D．uncertainabout50．A.relaxed B．delightedC．surprised D．embarrassed51．A.searched B．a(chǎn)rguedC．prayed D．a(chǎn)pologized52．A.bychance B．byherselfC．onpurpose D．onduty53．A.rude B．suchC．other D．lonely54．A.lesson B．trickC．skill D．trade55．A.work B．shopC．meet D．quarrel56．A.kindly B．secretlyC．personally D．casually57．A.ready B．a(chǎn)wayC．up D．well58．A.outofsight B．inthewayC．behindthescene D．a(chǎn)bovethelaw59．A.stress B．expectC．handle D．blame60．A.ruins B．makesC．starts D．saves文本整體感知中心思想商店工作人員經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到難對(duì)付的顧客，作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷感悟到店員應(yīng)該正確對(duì)待這類顧客，體諒并善待他們。敘述角度第一人稱語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)事例→觀點(diǎn)寫作要素I；difficultcustomers；a“regular”customer；avaluablelesson寫作目的體現(xiàn)了人與社會(huì)和諧相處的主題技法四析邏輯，索答案語(yǔ)篇是由一些意義相關(guān)的句子根據(jù)一定的邏輯關(guān)系組織起來(lái)的語(yǔ)義整體。邏輯關(guān)系隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落的銜接中，體現(xiàn)作者的寫作思路和篇章意義，是貫穿整篇文章的主線。完形填空中的任何一道題該選哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)，在文中必有依據(jù)。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根據(jù)空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，由邏輯關(guān)系中已知部分推斷出未知部分，做出符合邏輯的判斷。本文第41題和第47題可根據(jù)對(duì)立關(guān)系解題；第53題可根據(jù)因果關(guān)系解題；第59題可根據(jù)條件關(guān)系解題。下面是完形填空中主要考查的七大邏輯關(guān)系：(1)對(duì)立關(guān)系對(duì)立關(guān)系包括讓步、對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，onthecontrary(相反)，bycontrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，eventhough，while(然而；雖然)，nevertheless(然而，不過(guò))，whereas(然而)，inspiteof(盡管)，regardlessof(不管，不顧)，anyhow(盡管)，afterall(畢竟)，insteadof(而不是)，ratherthan(而不是)，not...but...，otherwise(否則)，orelse，totheopposite(對(duì)立面)，comparedwith等。真題體驗(yàn)1(2022·全國(guó)乙)Foralongtime，thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44.interpretedasevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45.surprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.46．A.explained B．confirmedC．contradicted D．tested真題體驗(yàn)2(2017·江蘇)...Hesworetohimselfto39.avoidmusic，ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.40，oneday，inthemusicclassthatwas41.partofhisschool’sstandardcurriculum，hewasplayingidly(隨意地)onthepianoandfoundit42.easytopickouttunes.40．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Thus D．Moreover(2)并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：and，even，or，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)．..，similarly等。真題體驗(yàn)3(2019·北京)Thestudentswhohe’s15.drivenhavegoneontobecomephysicians，teachersandengineers，butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”．16．A.even B．everC．once D．a(chǎn)lready真題體驗(yàn)4(2022·全國(guó)甲)Ayearlater，muchtomy58.delight，thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down，nordidI59himto.That’sonlyforgiving60.watertothedogsthatbroughtustogether.59．A.beg B．trustC．need D．a(chǎn)id(3)目的和因果關(guān)系目的和因果關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：because，for，since，as(因?yàn)?，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that...，such...that...，inorderthat，incase，consequently(因此)，accordingly，dueto，thanksto，onaccountof(由于，因?yàn)?，becauseof，seeingthat(由于，因?yàn)?，inthat(因?yàn)?，nowthat，asaresult，forthisreason等。真題體驗(yàn)5(2021·浙江)Mymotherwasso51.touchedbyhergesturethatshedecidedtogobacktothestoreandgivethecashier(收銀員)afive-dollarbilltokeeponhand52thesamehappenedtosomeoneelseiftheydidn’thaveenough53.moneyforalloftheirgroceries.52．A.incase B．evenifC．a(chǎn)sthough D．sothat(4)條件關(guān)系條件關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：if，unless，whether，supposing，onconditionthat，providedthat，dependingon等。經(jīng)典體驗(yàn)6Asyoumarkoffanother“EarthDay”inyourcalendars，contentthatforatleast24hoursIremainedinyourthoughts，IwanttoremindyouthatIamsick.I’mfrightenedthat1Ican’tsoonreceivetheappropriatemedicineandcareIneed，myillnesswillbecometerminalbeyondallcures.1．A.when B．thoughC．if D．unless(5)時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)間關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：before，since，as(隨著)，until，meanwhile，atthemoment，when，whenever，assoonas等。真題體驗(yàn)7(2020·江蘇)Forhim，itwasonethingto49.accepthisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinue50itcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.50．A.until B．whenC．unless D．before(6)層次和順序關(guān)系層次和順序關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，inthefirstplace，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，tobeginwith，tostartwith，ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)．..等。真題體驗(yàn)8(2018·江蘇)49，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter，withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad50.lostforever.49．A.Initially B．EventuallyC．Temporarily D．Consequently(7)例證關(guān)系例證關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：allinall，altogether，inbrief，insum，inconclusion，inshort，insummary，onthewhole，tosumup，tosummarize，asaproof，asanexample，forexample，forinstance，tonamebutafew，inparticular，justas，namely，suchas，thatis，asto，say等。經(jīng)典體驗(yàn)9“Ihopethismethodwouldbeputintopracticeinthenearfuture，1inthenext10years，”hesays.1．A.imagine B．sayC．suppose D．consider技法五據(jù)搭配，知答案完形填空中，有時(shí)會(huì)涉及短語(yǔ)，以動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)為主，偶見(jiàn)介詞短語(yǔ)等。解題時(shí)，可以通過(guò)仔細(xì)觀察和回憶所學(xué)知識(shí)，進(jìn)行有效推斷，選擇正確答案。本文第49、52和58題便是依據(jù)搭配確定答案的。真題體驗(yàn)(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)Iwas43.worriedthatour15-month-oldboywouldfallintothecreek(小溪)．Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoourspot.Thatlastedabouttenminutes.Hewas44.uncomfortable，andhiscryingletthewholecampgroundknowit.So45tyinghimup，Ijustkeptacloseeyeonhim.It46.worked—hedidn’tendupinthecreek.Mythree-year-old，however，did.Anothertime，werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenwe47，butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains，andthisonequickly48.interruptedourpeacefulmorningtrip.45．A.dueto B．insteadofC．a(chǎn)partfrom D．a(chǎn)sfor47．A.signedup B．calmeddownC．checkedout D．headedoff技法六重平行，覓邏輯文章中的意群總是通過(guò)一定的邏輯關(guān)系連在一起，特別是并列平行的結(jié)構(gòu)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)要么通過(guò)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)體現(xiàn)，要么通過(guò)并列連詞連接。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這些平行結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)境是一致的，考生解題時(shí)要特別注意這一點(diǎn)。本文第44題和第50題便是此技法的體現(xiàn)。真題體驗(yàn)(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)Onedaythey’ll47anddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48.lie.47．A.winout B．giveupC．wakeup D．standout(2022·安徽江南十校一模聯(lián)考)Whenincollege，Ilikednaturalworld，butdidn’tloveit.AndthemoreIlookedatwhatwas1—anexplodingworldpopulation，explodinglevelsofresourceconsumption，etc.—the2Ibecame.Then，Idecidedto3andsomethingfunnyhappened.It’salong4，butbasicallyIbecameabirdwatcher.AtfirstIdidthisnotwithoutsignificant5，becauseanythingthat6realpassionisuncool.Butlittlebylittle，Idevelopedthis7firstforthenewspeciesdiscoveredandthen，magically，Icould8myheartoverflowwithlovewheneverIlookedatabird，anybird.That’swherea(n)9mixturesurfaced—myangeraboutthe10wasonlyincreasedwhenIlearnedmoreaboutthe11thatbirdsface；however，asIengagedinbirdconservation，itbecamesurprisingly12tolivewiththatanger.Iguessmyloveforbirdsforcedmetofacealessself-centeredpartofmyselfthatI’dneverevenknown13.ItwasaselfthatIhadtoeither14orreject.Myangeractuallyisrootedinthe15thatwe’realiveforawhilebutwilldiebeforelong.Onceagain，Icaneither16thisfactor，bywayof17，embraceit.Whenwestayinourroomshruggingourshoulders，theproblemsoutsideareincredibly18.Butw