【英語】高二英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)常見題型及答題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformen,whoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.

DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanother,andsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.

Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmeals,suchassalads,fruitandvegetables,whilewomenchoosetomakecreamier,heavierdishescurryorrichpastasauces,whichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple'sdietandlifestyle,astheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.

Thereport,byNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,reviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUK,NorthAmericaandAustralia,whichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.

Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner

Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipends,whilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.

Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnership,andeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.

ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaid,"Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration."（1）Accordingtothepassage,movinginwithagirlfriend,men________.A.

havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabits

B.

havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoodsC.

don'tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratall

D.

trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike（2）Theunderlinedword"light"(inParagraph4)probablymeans________.A.

notveryheavy

B.

lessinfatandsugar

C.

gentle

D.

notseriousorimportant（3）AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,________.A.

womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalfB.

whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstress,theywillchangetheirdietaryhabitsC.

eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouplesD.

itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner（4）Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.A.

womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner'sinfluenceonthemB.

moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholdsC.

coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartnerD.

long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Don'tbesillyanymore,women!

B.

Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?C.

Boyfriendsmakeyoufat

D.

Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的營養(yǎng)學(xué)專家的研究表明，同居讓女人發(fā)胖讓男人更健康。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“whichmaypleasetheirpartner”可知，男女雙方會改變自己的飲食習(xí)慣來迎合對方，因此男士會吃他的女伴喜歡吃的食物。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“salads,fruitandvegetables”可推斷，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比較少。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“eatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.”晚上一起吃飯對許多人來說特別重要，可知選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.”研究表明你的伴侶對你的生活方式有很大的影響,那些試圖過上健康生活的人應(yīng)該考慮到這一因素?？蛇xA。（5）考查主旨大意。紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的營養(yǎng)學(xué)專家的研究表明，同居讓女人發(fā)胖讓男人更健康。C項幽默風(fēng)趣，能吸引讀者的注意，并切中文章的主題。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

AfteramorninghikeintheSaneumHealingForest,46-year-oldfirefighterKangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.Heisoneof40firefighterstakingpartinathree-dayprogram,theaimofwhichistooffer"foresthealing"(森林治愈);thefirefightersallhaveposttraumaticstressdisorder(創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙).

SaneumisoneofthreeofficialhealingforestsinSouthKorea.Soontherewillbe34more.SouthKoreans-manyofwhomsufferfromworkstress,digitaladdiction,andgreatacademicpressurehaveacceptedthemedicalizationofnaturewithgreatenthusiasm.

Thereisincreasingevidencethatbeingoutsideinapleasantnaturalenvironmentisgoodforus.Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?Fewerandfewer,itseems.AccordingtoLisaNisbet,apsychologyprofessoratCanadasTrentUniversity,evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit.

"Wedon'tthinkofbeingoutdoorsasawaytoincreasehappiness,"saysNisbet."Wethinkotherthingswill,likeshoppingorTV."ButSouthKoreaisstartingtochallengethisopinion.

SowhataresomeofthebenefitsofnaturethatNisbetrefersto?Beingsurroundedbynaturehasoneobviouseffect:Itcalmsusandreducesourstresslevels.Thishasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressureandheartrates.

AnotherexperimentconductedbypsychologistStephenKaplanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka50-minutewalkinaparkhadbetterattentionandshort-termmemorythanthosewhotookawalkalongacitystreet.

Perhapswhat'smoresurprisingisthatnaturemayalsomakeusmorecreative.DavidStrayer,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah,showedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoperformed50percentbetteroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.

Infact,wemayneverknowexactlywhatnaturedoestothebrain.Somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,andmaybethat'sasitshouldbe.（1）WhatisKangByoung-wookdoing?A.Gettinglostinnature.B.Buildinguphisstrength.C.Tryingtocontrolaforestfire.D.Helpingfirefightersunderstress.（2）WhatdoesLisaNisbetthinkofbeingoutdoors?A.Itisoverlookedbypeople.B.Ithasnothingtodowithhappiness.C.SouthKoreansshowgreatinterestinit.D.Weneedmoreevidenceforitsbenefits.（3）WhatbenefitofnaturedidStephenKaplanfind?A.Itaffectspeople'sfeelings.B.Itlowerstherisksofdiseases.C.Ithelpsimprovementalperformance.D.Itdoesmoregoodthanphysicalexercise.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.YourlifeinforestsB.YourbrainonnatureC.ThefutureofforesthealingD.Thebenefitsofastress-freelife【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，由韓國患創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙的消防員接受森林治愈談起，介紹了大自然對我們身心健康的益處。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“KangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.”可知，KangByoung-wook正在接受森林治愈：品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?Fewerandfewer和evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit”以及第四段中LisaNisbet所說的話可知，他認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代人忽視了大自然的重要性，戶外活動少了。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“hadbetterattentionandshort-termmemory”可知，StephenKaplan的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)親近大自然可以提高注意力和短期記憶力，也就是說提高了大腦的工作效率。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要介紹了森林治愈和大自然對于人類健康尤其是大腦工作效率和減緩壓力方面的益處，故B項作標(biāo)題最符合文章的主旨。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Whydoestimeseemtoflybyfasteraswegetold?You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame.Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神經(jīng)元).Newresearchsuggests'rapidfire'abilitiesoftheyoungbrainallowustoprocessmoreinformationduringyouth,causingthedaystoseemlongerearlierinlife.However,aswegetold,researcherssaytheolderbraintakesmoretimetoprocessinformation.

ThenewfindingputforwardbyaDukeUniversityresearcherwaspublishedinapaperinthejournalEuropeanReviewthisweekAccordingtoAdrianBejan,theJ.AJonesProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringatDuke,thephysicalchangesofournervesandneuronsplay,amajorroleinourperception(知覺)oftimeaswegetold.Overtheyearsthesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade.

"Littlebabies,forexample,movetheireyesmuchmoreoftenthanadultsbecausethey'reprocessingimagesatafasterrate,"Beiansays,Forolderpeople,thismeansfewerimagesarebeingprocessedinthesameamountoftime,causingexperiencestoseemasthoughthey'rehappeningmorequickly.（1）Whatcausestimetoflyfasteraswegetold?A.

Changesofournervesandneurons.B.

Informationinourbrain.C.

Theelectricalsignals.D.

Rapidfireabilities.（2）Whatisunavoidableintheprocessofgettingold?A.

Longerdays.

B.

Agingbrains.

C.

Moreimages.

D.

Lessexperience.（3）Whydothedaysseemlongerearlierinlife?A.

Youngpeoplearemoreenergeticintheirlife.B.

Theyoungerbraintakeslesstimetoprocessinformation.C.

Oldpeoplehavefewerthingstodothanyoungpeople.D.

Littlebabiesmovetheireyesmuchmoreoften.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.

NervesandNeuronsB.

TimeFliesFastC.

TheOlder,theFasterD.

TheFunctionoftheBrain【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了為什么老年人會覺得時間過得較快，主要原因是隨著年齡的增長，大腦中神經(jīng)元的變化讓老年人的大腦需要更多的時間來處理接收到的信息，這樣就會讓他們覺得時間過得較快。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神經(jīng)元)."可知，老年人覺得時間過得過快的原因是神經(jīng)和神經(jīng)元的變化。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame."和第二段中的"Overtheyears,thesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade."可知，隨著年齡的增長，不可避免的就是大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的老化。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的最后兩句可知，年輕時之所以覺得日子似乎更長是因為大腦能夠以“快速射擊”的方式處理更多信息。當(dāng)我們變老的時候，大腦需要更多的時間來處理信息。所以說，相較于老年人，年輕人的大腦花費更少的時間來處理信息。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。文章首句點明了文章談?wù)撝行模簽槭裁措S著我們變老，我們會覺得時間過得更快？后面文章主要解釋了原因：老年人因為大腦退化，神經(jīng)元的變化導(dǎo)致他們覺得時間過得較快。C項正好與主旨句呼應(yīng)，故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlength

Flippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendiving

Bumpytuberclesontopofhead

Bodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition

Bushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped

270-400olivebaleenplates

Humpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.

Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.

Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?A.

Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.B.

Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.C.

Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.D.

Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?A.

Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.B.

Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.C.

Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.D.

TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwaters.（3）Thisarticleismainlyintendedto

.A.

explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldB.

introducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswatersC.

popularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionD.

helpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了座頭鯨外形特點、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖、喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等，并呼吁大家保護它。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四個小點后的一段"Bodycolorisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition"可知，座頭鯨體色由深棕色至黑色，腳蹼、身體底部和尾鰭上通常是大面積的白色；這樣的圖案使單個的座頭鯨很容易被識別。分析選項可知C項符合題意，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五個小黑點后面的"Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas."座頭鯨這個大家族在冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)（西北大陸架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖、斐濟、湯加）和夏季南極喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間遷徙?？芍?，座頭鯨在熱帶地區(qū)繁殖。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方?？芍^鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A。（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要對座頭鯨外形特點、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護意識。所以本文目的是普及有關(guān)座頭鯨的知識，并對它們加以保護。分析選項可知C項符合題意，故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解

KaitlinWoolleyandAyeletFishbachreportinPsychologicalSciencethatamealtaken"family-style"fromacentralplatecangreatlyimprovetheoutcomeoflaternegotiations.

Havingconductedpreviousresearchin2017revealingthateatingsimilarfoodsledtopeoplefeelingemotionallyclosertooneanother,DrWoolleyandDrFishbachwonderedwhetherthewayinwhichfoodwasservedalsohadapsychologicaleffect.Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.

Forthefirsttesttheyrecruited100pairsofparticipantsfromalocalcafe,noneofwhomkneweachother.Theparticipantswereseatedatatableandfedtortillachipswithsalsa.Halfthepairsweregiventheirownbasketof20gramsofchipsandabowlof25gramsofsalsa,andhalfweregiven40gramsofchipsand50gramsofsalsatoshare.Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.

Thegameaskedtheparticipantstonegotiateanhourlywagerateduringafictionalstrike.Eachpersonwasrandomlyassignedtorepresenttheunionormanagementandfollowasetofrules.

Theresearchersmeasuredcooperationbynotingthenumberofroundsittooktoreachanagreement,andfoundthatthosewhosharedfoodresolvedthestrikesignificantlyfaster（in8.7rounds）thanthosewhodidnot（13.2rounds）.Asimilarexperimentwasconductedwith104participantsandGoldfishcrackers（餅干）,thistimenegotiatinganairline'srouteprices.Theresultsweremuchthesame,withthefood-sharersnegotiatingsuccessfully63.3%ofthetimeandthosewhodidnotsharedoingso42.9%ofthetime.（1）Whatdoesthe"family-style"mealinthereportreferto？A.

Amealtakenathome.

B.

Amealsharedwithothers.C.

Amealconsumedbyoneself.

D.

Amealtakeninafamilyatmosphere.（2）Forwhatpurposedidtheresearcherscarryoutthepresentexperiments?A.

Toshowthewayfoodisserved.B.

Toprovesharingfoodincreasescompetition.C.

Toconfirmsharingfoodcanpromotecooperation.D.

Tofindoutwhethersharingfoodcangetpeoplecloseemotionally.（3）Whywereparticipantsaskedtoeatupthesnackbeforethegame?A.

Toaddtotheirenergy.

B.

Torewardthemfortheirparticipation.C.

Tohidetheintentionoftheexperiment.

D.

Toavoidthedistractionduringthegame.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了外交宴席的心理學(xué)

，研究表明，從中間菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后續(xù)談判的結(jié)果。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.”他們形成了一套理論，認(rèn)為一方面，與他人一起吃飯可能表明糧食短缺，并加強了競爭的概念。然而，他們還推斷，這種方式可能會導(dǎo)致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為?？芍猣amily-style指的是與別人一起用餐，故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.”

然而，他們還推斷，這種方式可能會導(dǎo)致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為。出于好奇心，他們做了一系列實驗。可知選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.”作為實驗的掩護，所有受試者都得告在游戲開始前就要吃完這些零食?？芍xC。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.

Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents(應(yīng)答者)aged21o65abouttheproportion(比例)ofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood,thepresenceofgreenviewsfromtheirhome,theiraccesstoagardenandhowoftentheyusepublicgreenspace.Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety,aswellasdesiresforthingslikecaffeine,alcoholandnicotine.Participantsratedtheintensity(強度),imagery,andintrusiveness(侵?jǐn)_性)oftheirdesiresonan11-pointscale.

Researchersfoundthepresenceofvisiblegreenspacecontributedtodecreaseddesiresforjunkfood.Theeffectwasparticularlynoticeablewhenmorethan25percentofarespondent'sviewwasgreenery.

Previousscholarship(學(xué)術(shù)研究)hasdealtmostlywithexerciseinnature:A2015studyoutoftheUniversityofMichiganfound90-minutegroupnaturewalkswereeffectiveatcombattingdepressionandrelievingothermooddisorders.Butforpeoplewhostrugglewithaccessibilityordon'thavetimefora90-minutewalk,thisnewstudysuggestsjustlookingoutawindowatatreecanhelpfightoffabadhabit.

"Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatbeingoutdoorsinnatureislinkedtoaperson'swell-being,"leadauthorLeanneMartinsaidinastatement."Butfortheretobeasimilarassociationwithdesiresfromsimplybeingabletoseegreenspaceaddsanewdimensiontothepreviousresearch."

A2018studyfromDenmark'sAarhusUniversityforexample,foundthat.Havingaccesstogreenspacethroughoutchildhooddecreasedaperson'sriskofdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsasanadult.（1）Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theresultsofthenewstudy.B.Thepurposeofthenewstudy.C.Thesignificanceofthenewstudy.D.Thecontentofthenewstudy.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"combatting"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）Accordingtothepassage,thenewstudy_____.A.mainlyreferredtoexerciseinnatureB.hasenrichedthepreviousresearchtosomedegreeC.wascarriedoutbytheUniversityofMichiganD.foundexposuretogreeneryhelpedcurementalproblems（4）nwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A.EntertainmentB.BusinessWorldC.Tech&ScienceD.Environment【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項新的研究成果---多看綠色植物和吃垃圾食品這兩者看似風(fēng)馬牛不相及，可研究結(jié)構(gòu)卻表明它們之間存在著一種奇妙的關(guān)系：多看綠色植物能幫助人們克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段中的

“Researchers…surveyed149respondentsaged21o65abouttheproportionofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood…”研究人員調(diào)查了年齡在21~65歲之間的149名參與者小區(qū)內(nèi)的綠植比例……；以及“Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety…”研究中還問了與抑郁及焦慮有關(guān)的問題……等可知，第二段主要介紹了新研究的調(diào)查內(nèi)容，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)常識可知，在大自然中散步對人體有各種各樣的好處，再結(jié)合句中出現(xiàn)的“relievingothermooddisorders(緩解其他情緒紊亂)”不難推斷出，combattingdepression應(yīng)表示“減輕抑郁”。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“…addsanewdimension(方面)tothepreviousresearch”為以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某種程度上豐富了之前的研究成果。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了一項科學(xué)研究的研究成果，所以該文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在“技術(shù)與科學(xué)”版塊。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和段落大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

DelhihasbeenthecentreofasuccessionofmightyempiresandpowerfulkingdomsinIndia.Numerousruinsscatteredthroughouttheterritoryofferaconstantreminderofthearea'shistory,whichmakesthecityalwaysbeafascinatingplacefortourists.

Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemoving,thecityhasexpandedseveraltimesinsize.ThatiswhyitiscalledNewDelhi.NewDelhi,acitywithapopulationofover20millionpeople,hasitsnewestproblem:neverbeforehasthiscitymetwiththeworstairproblem.

AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.

Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.

NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.FireworksandfirecrackerstocelebratetheHindufestivalofDiwalithenarrives,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.

Thecity'sairqualityindex,whichmeasuresamixofdangerouspollutants,registeredanaveragescoreof494Sunday.Thatisthehighest24-houraveragesinceNov.6,2016,whenithit497,accordingtodatameasuredbytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.DiwaliisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinIndia.B.Thegovernmentdidlittletoprotectitscitizensagainsttheseriouspollution.C.SuchaseriousairpollutioninNewDelhiappearsonaregularbasis.D.Theindexoftherecentairpollutionisnottheworstinthehistory.（2）Whomaynotcomplainabouttheseriousairpollution?A.Theparentswhosechildrenhavetostayathome.B.Thepilotswhoseplaneshavebeendivertedordelayed.C.Themanufacturerswhoproduceantipollutionmasks.D.Theofficialswhohavetoworkoutoftheiroffices.（3）Whichofthefollowingphrasescanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph5?A.Sentout.B.Sentup.C.Sentin.D.Senton.（4）Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe

.A.ProblemsCausedbytheDevelopmentofNewDelhiB.DangerousPollutionEnvelopsNewDelhiC.AntipollutionMasksAreinGreatNeedinNewDelhiD.FarmersintheNeighboringStatesaretoBlameforBurningCropStubble【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但由于污染嚴(yán)重，整個新德里處于危險的污染中，人們必須戴防污口罩，冬天天氣寒冷污染物成霧霾，成為世界是污染最嚴(yán)重的城市。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段“AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.”印度首都的空氣污染飆升至多年來最嚴(yán)重的水平，籠罩著這座城市的濃霧已成為年度公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，盡管政府誓言要解決這個問題；第五段“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdust...,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.”新德里每年都會被污染吞沒，隨著天氣變冷，汽車和以煤為基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)電廠排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飄動的灰塵，以及鄰國農(nóng)作物秸稈燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙霧，都會形成濃霧。慶祝印度排燈節(jié)的煙花爆竹隨后到達，使德里現(xiàn)在成為世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”在學(xué)校、學(xué)院、醫(yī)院和市場上分發(fā)了數(shù)以百萬計的防污口罩。可知，政府盡管發(fā)誓解決這種污染，但情況不僅沒有改變，反而更加嚴(yán)重，使得人們必須佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判斷出政府幾乎沒有保護其公民免受嚴(yán)重污染。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”周末期間，由于能見度低，數(shù)百架航班被迫改道、延誤和取消，學(xué)校和辦公室周一關(guān)閉，官員們緊急采取措施，試圖扭轉(zhuǎn)不斷惡化的空氣質(zhì)量。學(xué)校、大學(xué)、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染口罩。由此可知，由于污染嚴(yán)重，學(xué)校、大學(xué)、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染口罩。所以生產(chǎn)防污染口罩的廠家要加大生產(chǎn)，是不會抱怨的，故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.”本句是說新德里每年都籠罩在污染中。因為天氣變冷，從汽車和以煤為基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)電廠“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的霧霾。根據(jù)常識可知，汽車和用煤發(fā)電的發(fā)電廠會“排放或釋放”污染物的。由此可判斷“emitted”是排放的意思。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文敘述了隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但周末的能見度低，數(shù)百架航班在周末改道、延誤和取消，學(xué)校和辦公室周一關(guān)閉，人們必須戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被嚴(yán)重的污染所籠罩。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.

AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionmiles(225millionkilometers)awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens.

"Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.

ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor."Thesearepeoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.

Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.

Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".Oneexampleisthejourneytot