高考英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)題20套(帶答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(無人機)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周邊)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A.

Itcanfrightensharksaway.B.

Itisanoceanexplorer.C.

Itisarubbishcollector.D.

Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.

Thecausesofoceanpollution.B.

Thedangersofusingplastics.C.

Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D.

Theimportanceofoceanprotection.（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?A.

Avoidcrashingintoit.

B.

Breakitintopieces.

C.

Swallowit.

D.

Flyoverit.（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A.

TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.B.

Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.C.

TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D.

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一種水上無人機可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，這種無人機是用來清理垃圾的，故選C。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，預計到2016年，海洋里會有1.5億噸垃圾，估計約有25萬噸垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要講述海洋垃圾的嚴重性，故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配備防碰撞系統(tǒng)，無人機使用激光來探測物體，用測距技術來探測前方是否有物體，如果探測到物體，無人機就會停下來或者后退，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，這種無人機并非解決水上垃圾污染的萬全之策，需要多措并舉，才能達到目的，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀理解

Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.

ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天線)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.

Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干擾)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.

Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.

Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.（1）Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?A.

Thefunctionofthetechnique.

B.

Thewaythedeviceworks.C.

Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.

D.

Thebenefitofthestudyfindings.（2）What'stheadvantageofthedevice?A.

Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.B.

Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.C.

Itusesantennastopickupnetworks'signals.D.

Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.（3）WhydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordingtoYingyingChen?A.

Tosavemoneyandlabour.

B.

TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.C.

Toprotectpassengers'privacy.

D.

Toresearchdangerousobjects.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating"inthelastparagraph?A.

Confirming.

B.

Improving.

C.

Discovering.

D.

Examining.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本是一篇說明文，介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，WiFi可用于可用于安檢。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.”這個檢測系統(tǒng)分析信號在物體和材料上穿透和反射時會發(fā)生什么?？芍xB。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.”可知，不用打開和檢查人們的個人物品，避免了侵犯隱私，可知選D。（3）考查推理判斷，根據(jù)第五段中的“Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

在大型公共場所，很難像機場那樣設置昂貴的安檢設施。檢查行李總是需要人力，我們希望開發(fā)一種互補的方法來減少人力，可推知選A。（4）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes”今后的工作將繼續(xù)側重于提高識別物體和成像形狀及體積的準確性，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和段落大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlength

Flippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendiving

Bumpytuberclesontopofhead

Bodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition

Bushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped

270-400olivebaleenplates

Humpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.

Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.

Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?A.

Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.B.

Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.C.

Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.D.

Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?A.

Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.B.

Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.C.

Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.D.

TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwaters.（3）Thisarticleismainlyintendedto

.A.

explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldB.

introducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswatersC.

popularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionD.

helpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了座頭鯨外形特點、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖、喂養(yǎng)等生活習性等，并呼吁大家保護它。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四個小點后的一段"Bodycolorisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition"可知，座頭鯨體色由深棕色至黑色，腳蹼、身體底部和尾鰭上通常是大面積的白色；這樣的圖案使單個的座頭鯨很容易被識別。分析選項可知C項符合題意，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五個小黑點后面的"Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas."座頭鯨這個大家族在冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)（西北大陸架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖、斐濟、湯加）和夏季南極喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間遷徙?？芍?，座頭鯨在熱帶地區(qū)繁殖。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方?？芍^鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A。（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要對座頭鯨外形特點、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護意識。所以本文目的是普及有關座頭鯨的知識，并對它們加以保護。分析選項可知C項符合題意，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'samiracleyoudidn'tgetcoldtothebone.

Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'tbelikeskatingonthinice.

Withasmartthermostat(溫度自動調(diào)節(jié)器),ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'leans'yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.

Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..

Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.Allwhilekeepingtheheadwarmandavoidingacold.

Formany,thethoughtofwinterusedtobeenoughtomaketheirbloodruncold.Butusingtechnology,lifeneedn'tfreezeup.Withtherightsolutions,there'snoreasonwhywintercan'tbereally,reallycool.（1）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"bundleup"meaninPara.1?A.

Fixanairconditioner.

B.

Takeahotbath.

C.

Runalot.

D.

Putonmoreclothes.（2）Howdoeselectronicthermalclothingwork?A.

Theequipmentplacedinsidetheclothingproducesheat.B.

Itneedstobewarnedupbeforebeingused.C.

Thethermostatheatupautomaticallywhenthetemperatureislow.D.

Itkeepswarmforover12hoursafterbeingchargedfoxanhour.（3）Fromthepassage,wecanleanthefollowingstatementsEXCEPTthat________.A.

Tado'smodelcanbecontrolledbysayingsomethingtoitB.

withthein-builtspeakerandmicrophone,BeaniesandEarmuffsuserscanhaveaphonecallC.

technologycandonothingtomakewinterlessroughD.

Bluetoothtechnologyisusedintheclothingforthehead（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.

ASmartThermostat

B.

AModernwinterC.

Waysofkeepingwarm

D.

Anunpleasantwinter【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在科技并不發(fā)達的過去，人們可能會為如何在嚴寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾?，F(xiàn)如今，每到嚴冬時節(jié)，雖然溫度驟降、天氣惡劣，但隨著各類智能保暖產(chǎn)品的問世，冬天也能變得舒適宜人。人們憑借科學技術發(fā)明了各式各樣的防寒方法。比如，用智能電子設備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無線科技制造會自動發(fā)熱的服飾。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的"Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside."可知，在我的記憶中，冬天總是很不令人愉快。你外出時必須穿得暖和一點。所以通過"keepwarm"可知，外出時要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。故判斷出第1段中帶下劃線的單詞"bundleup"是多穿點衣服。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside."可知，只要按下按鈕，或者通過手機上應用程序，安裝在衣服內(nèi)部的電子元件就會產(chǎn)生熱量。所以電子保暖服裝工作的原理是安裝在衣服內(nèi)部的電子元件產(chǎn)生熱量。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems"可知，幸運的是，事情不需要再這么有挑戰(zhàn)性了。先進的技術、引擎環(huán)和設計為我們提供了解決老問題的新方法。所以C選項"科技無法讓冬天變得不那么難熬"不符合短文說明的內(nèi)容。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，在科技并不發(fā)達的過去，人們可能會為如何在嚴寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾?，F(xiàn)如今，每到嚴冬時節(jié)，雖然溫度驟降、天氣惡劣，但隨著各類智能保暖產(chǎn)品的問世，冬天也能變得舒適宜人。人們憑借科學技術發(fā)明了各式各樣的防寒方法。比如，用智能電子設備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無線科技制造會自動發(fā)熱的服飾。所以短文的最佳標題為"讓現(xiàn)代科技溫暖你的冬日"。故B選項"讓現(xiàn)代科技溫暖你的冬日"符合題意。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．Directions:Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

AtinycluefoundinancientdepositshasunlockedbigsecretsaboutGreenland'spastandfutureclimate.JustbeyondthenorthwestedgeofthevastGreenlandIceSheet,researchershavediscoveredlakemudthathavesurvivedthelasticeage.Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods(間冰期)innorthwestGreenland.

Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought."Asfarasweknow,ithasneverbeenfoundinGreenland.Wethinkthisisthefirsttimeanyonehasreporteditinancientdepositsormodernlakesthere,"Axfordsaid."Wewerereallysurprisedtoseehowfarnorthitmigrated(遷徙)."

ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.ThosemodelscouldthenimprovepredictionsofhowGreenland'sicesheetmightrespondtoman-madeglobalwarming.Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel."NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,"saidYarrowAxford,anassociateprofessorintheteam."OneofthebiguncertaintiesinclimatescienceishowfasttheEarthchangeswhenitgetswarmer.GeologygivesusanopportunitytoseewhathappenedwhentheEarthwaswarmerthantoday,"saidAxford.

Peoplemightbesurprisedtoseehowtoday'sGreenlandlookedduringthelasttwointerglacialperiods.DuringtheLastInterglacial,globalsealevelsincreasedby15to30feet,largelyduetothinningofGreenlandandAntarctica'sicesheets.However,nowresearchersbelievenorthernGreenland'sicesheetexperiencedstrongerwarmingthanpreviouslythought,whichcouldmeanthatGreenlandismoreresponsibleforthatsea-levelrise.

Findinglakedepositsolderthanabout10,000years,however,hasbeenhistoricallyverydifficultinGreenland.Tomeasuretheseancienttemperatures,researcherslooktoicecores(冰核)andlakedeposits.Sinceiceandlakedepositsformbyagradualbuilduponannuallayersofsnowormud,thesecorescontainhistoryofthepast.Bylookingthroughthelayers,researcherscanobtainclimatecluesfromcenturiesago.（1）Whyaretheremainsoffliesmentionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.TheyserveasevidencethatthereisstilllifeintheNorthwestGreenland.B.TheywereoneofthemanyancientlivesthatwereleftintheGreenlandmud.C.TheyareindicatorsthatGreenlandwasmuchwarmerthanpreviouslythought.D.TheyhelptheresearchersrealizethattherewasonceawarmperiodintheArctic.（2）ThenewinformationaboutGreenlandisimportantbecause______________.A.researchershavenoideahowtomeasureGreenland'swarmingspeedB.itcanhelpresearchersbetterpredictGreenland'sresponsetowarmingC.peopleshouldbemoresensitivetothechangesintheiceinGreenlandD.itisuncertainhowfasttheEarthchangeswithman-madeglobalwarming（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Itiseasierfortoday'sscientiststofindancientlakedeposits.B.PeoplearesurprisedatthelandscapefeatureofGreenlandtoday.C.Researchersmeasurethechangingtemperaturesbydirectlyexaminingmud.D.Greenlandholdsenoughicethatmightonedaythreatenlifeincoastalcities.（4）Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.GreenlandUsedtoBeMuchGreenerB.EarthOnceExperiencedWarmPeriodsC.CoastalCitiesWarnedofComingDisastersD.NorthwestGreenland,APerfectDestination【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在古代沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一條微小線索揭開了格陵蘭島過去和未來氣候的大秘密。就在廣闊的格陵蘭冰原的西北邊緣，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了在最后一個冰河時代幸存下來的湖泥。現(xiàn)在研究人員認為，格陵蘭北部的冰蓋經(jīng)歷了比之前認為的更強烈的變暖。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods（間冰期）innorthwestGreenland.”在格陵蘭島西北部，泥漿和常見蒼蠅的殘骸記錄了兩次間冰期；以及第二段中的“Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought.”盡管研究人員很早就知道這兩個時期——全新世早期和最后一次間冰期——在北極經(jīng)歷了變暖，但混合的蠅類表明格陵蘭島甚至比之前認為的還要熱?？芍谇皟啥沃刑岬缴n蠅的殘骸是為了證明格陵蘭島的溫度比之前認為的要高得多。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.”可知，這些新信息可以幫助研究人員更好地測量格陵蘭島對氣候變暖的敏感性。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel.‘NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,’”

可知，格陵蘭島覆蓋了這個北極國家的80%，擁有相當于全球海平面20英尺的冰?！案窳晏m西北部可能真的感覺很遙遠，但冰蓋的變化將關系到世界上每個沿海城市的每個人?！惫蔬xD。（4）考查主旨大意。本文通過最新的發(fā)現(xiàn)——最后一個冰河時代幸存下來的湖泥及湖泥中的蒼蠅殘骸及其相關研究說明格陵蘭島之前可能更暖和。因此，本文的最佳標題應為“格陵蘭島曾經(jīng)更加綠色”。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Somepeoplesitoutsideforhourswithoutgettingbittenbymosquitoes,butitalwaysseemslikeyou'rebeingeatenalivewithinminutesofsteppingoutdoors.

Ifthisisyou,you'renotalone.AccordingtoSmithsonianMagazine,around20percentofpeopleintheworldareespeciallytastytomosquitoes.Whataboutthesepeoplemakesmosquitoes'mouthswater?

Apopularmythclaimsthatmosquitoesprefercertainbloodtypes,butthefactisthattheysimplycan'ttellwhatyourbloodtypeisfromafarawayplace.JonathonDay,aprofessorofmedicalentomology(昆蟲學)attheUniversityofFloridaintheUS,toldNBCit'snotcomplicated."Thetwomostimportantreasonsamosquitoisattractedtoyouhavetodowithsightandsmell."

Mosquitoesareespeciallyactiveinthelateafternoon.Whileflyingalong,theyusetheirsenseofsmelltofindpossibletargets.Theyfindvictims(攻擊對象)bysmellingthecarbondioxide(CO2)breathedoutbyhumansandanimals.That'swhyyoucommonlyfindthemincrowdedstreetsandparks.

JoopvanLoon,anentomologistatWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,toldLiveScience,"Mosquitoesstartorienting(使......朝向)themselvestocarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwindastheysensehigherconcentrations(濃度)."

Asaresult,peoplewhosimplyexhale(呼出)moreofthegasovertime–generally,largerpeople–havebeenshowntoattractmoremosquitoesthanothers."Thisiswhykidsdon'tgetbittenasmuch...asadults,"USprofessorTedRosentoldScienceAlert.

ThisloveforCO2canalsoputpregnantwomenatincreasedriskformosquitobites,astheytendtoexhale21percentmoreCO2thanpeopleofthesameageandsizewhoaren'tpregnant.

Inadditiontocarbondioxide,thecoloroftheclothesyouwearalsoplaysaroleinattractingmosquitoes.

AccordingtoLiveScience,mosquitoescanlockontotargetsfromupto50metersaway.Atthisdistance,whatwewearhasahugeeffect.Duetotheirvision(視覺),peoplewearingdarkcolorsaremorelikelytobecometargets.

Beingbittenbymosquitoesisannoying,butdon'tworry.Somesimpletipscanhelpwardthemoff.Scientistsrecommendthatweuseinsectrepellent(驅(qū)蟲劑)andwearlight-coloredclothing.（1）Howdomosquitoeslocatetheirtargets,accordingtothearticle?A.Byseekingoutbrightclothes.B.Byidentifyingdifferentbloodtypes.C.Bysensinganincreaseofcarbondioxide.D.Byfollowingbiggercrowds.（2）Whyarepregnantwomenmorelikelytobebittenbymosquitoes?A.Theirlargersizehelpsmosquitoestoseethem.B.TheybreatheoutmoreCO2.C.Theyaremorelikelytosweat.D.Theirbodytemperaturesarehigher.（3）Howdoesthearticleadviseyoutoavoidmosquitoes?A.Exerciseregularly.B.Wearlight-coloredclothing.C.Keepyourskindryandclean.D.Stayindoorsintheevening.（4）What'sthearticlemainlyabout?A.Anewfindingaboutmosquitoes.B.Howpeoplecanavoidmosquitobites.C.Apopularmythaboutmosquitoes.D.Whysomepeoplearemoreattractivetomosquitoesthanothers.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了為什么有些人可以整個夏天坐在戶外乘涼卻不被蚊子叮咬，而有些人一出門就好像要被蚊子吃掉一樣。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whileflyingalong,theyusetheirsenseofsmelltofindpossibletargets.Theyfindvictimsbysmellingthecarbondioxide(CO2)breathedoutbyhumansandanimals.”飛的時候，它們用嗅覺發(fā)現(xiàn)目標。它們通過聞人和動物呼出的二氧化碳來鎖定目標；以及第五段中的“Mosquitoesstartorientingthemselvestocarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwindastheysensehigherconcentrations”蚊子開始飛向有二氧化碳的地方，當它們感知到高濃度的二氧化碳時，就保持逆流飛行，可知，蚊子通過感知二氧化碳的增加來鎖定目標。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段“ThisloveforCO2canalsoputpregnantwomenatincreasedriskformosquitobites,astheytendtoexhale21percentmoreCO2thanpeopleofthesameageandsizewhoaren'tpregnant.”對二氧化碳的喜歡使得孕婦很容易被蚊子咬，因為她們比正常相同年齡，相同體型的人呼出多余21%的二氧化碳，可知，孕婦呼出更多的二氧化碳，所以更招蚊子咬。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Scientistsrecommendthatweuseinsectrepellentandwearlight-coloredclothing.”科學家建議我們使用驅(qū)蟲劑或者穿淺顏色的衣服?？芍恼陆ㄗh我們可以通過穿淺色衣服來避免蚊子叮咬。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“AccordingtoSmithsonianMagazine,around20percentofpeopleintheworldareespeciallytastytomosquitoes.Whataboutthesepeoplemakesmosquitoes'mouthswater?”根據(jù)Smithsonian雜志，世界上大約20%的人容易招蚊子咬。為什么這些人非常吸引蚊子呢？可知，本文探討的話題是：為什么一些人比其他人更容易招蚊子。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie.TheholesatthetopofBicbiropensaretheresothat,ifyouswallowoneaccidentally,youcanstillbreatheandwon'tchoketodeath.It'sdebatablewhetherthatlastonethereiscommonknowledgeornot.AquickGooglesearchofthefact,rewrittenasaquestion,showsarticlesaddressingthispointgoingbackseveralyears,withthelatest(re)appearingjustthisweekoveronScienceAlert.Wesupposeit'soneofthosethingsthatcomeupfromtimetotime,likewhatwouldhappenifyouattackYellowstonewithanuclearweapon(notmuch,asitturnsout).

IfyoujumpovertoBic'swebsite,undertheirFAQs(frequentlyaskedquestions),itquiteclearlystates:"ThereasonthatsomeBIC?penshaveaholeintheircapistopreventthecapfromcompletelyobstructingtheairwayifaccidentallybreathedin.ThisisrequestedbytheinternationalsafetystandardsISO11540,exceptforincaseswherethecapisconsideredtoolargetobeachokingrisk."

That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers,wethoughtwe'dshareafewmorerandomfactsaboutBicthatareprobablygoingtocomeupinapubquizoneday.Didyouknow,forexample,thateachBicballpointpencanproduceatleast2kilometers(1.2mi