M5Unit3Scienceandnature(測)-2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(新高考?江蘇)一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A(2021·陜西咸陽中學(xué)高三月考)Foryears,Iwasintheratrace,mysenseofwonderlost.Gardeningwasmyantidote(解毒藥).Itgavemetimetostop,listenandabsorballthelittledetailsthatnaturehastooffer—nurturingtheearth,plantsandmyselftofightagainsttheaggressionandtirednessofeverydayworkinglife.Iquitmyjobandhadavisionformycompany.Iwantedotherstofindthecomfortthatmygardengaveme.Now,Iwatchmyclientsexperiencetheirowntransformations.Acornerthatwasonceanunwelcomingplaceofweedsisachild'splayarea;alonelypersonhasaninspiring,evolvingview.Gardeningrequiresustobepresentinthemoment,whilealsoimaginingthefuture.Youmayseeabeautifulflowerandsurpriseforaminuteatthemagicofnature.Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Somecomebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubecomeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.Wherethereoncemayhavebeenbeauty,theremightnowbeanemptyspaceandadeepsenseofsadness...Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.Hopeisoneofmanyemotionsstirredbygardening.Whetheryou'regrowingvegetablestoeat,plantingtinyseedsortendingflowers,thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession.Howyouchoosetogardenisdeeplypersonaltoyou—it’saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers.Thekeyistohaveavision,ideasandbrighthopesforthefuture.1.Whatdoestheauthorbenefitfromgardening?A.Ithelpstodevelopatake-it-as-it-isattitude. B.Itrelievesanxietyaboutlosingthejob.C.Itreleasesherlonelinessanddepression. D.Itteachesheralotofsowingknowledge.2.Whatcanweinferaboutgardeningaccordingtotheauthor?A.It’sbeautiful. B.It’srewarding C.It’sdepressing D.It’scooperative.3.Whatisthebesttitle?A.GardeningforFun B.ASenseofWonder C.SowingSeedsofHope D.AVisionfortheFutureB(2021·全國高三二模)Manyblack-footedferrets(雪貂)oncelivedintheAmericanWest.Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs(土撥鼠).Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.Additionally,theenvironmentinwhichtheylivedwasdestroyed.Bythe1970s,mostexpertsbelievedthatblack-footedferretsnolongerexisted.Then,in1981,agroupofthemwerefoundinWyoming,buttheyweresuddenlyhitbyanunknowndiseaseinthemid-1980s,andtheirpopulationdecreasedtojust18.TheUSFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)caughtallofthemandtriedtoprotectthem.Allbutsevendied.Currently,there’rebetween400and500ferretsremaining.ButallofthemarerelatedtothesevenanimalsrescuedfromWyomingexceptElizabethAnn.Normally,theDNAoftheanimalsgetsmixedupwhendifferentpairsofanimalshavebabies.ThesmalldifferencesintheirDNAcanhelpprotectthegroupasawhole.Becausealllivingblack-footedferretsarecloselyrelated,theyallhavesimilarweaknesses.ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblack-footedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.Inthe1980s,theDNAfromaferretnamedWillawasstoredinthe“FrozenZoo”runbySanDiegoZooGlobal.Hopefully,cloningwouldallowblack-footedferretstoreturntothewild.Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.Thematterwaslefthangingintheair.Butin1996,ascientistclonedasheep,called“Dolly”.Sincethen,manyotheranimalshavealsobeencloned.TheUSFWShasbeentalkingaboutcloningblack-footedferretssince2013.In2018,theyfinallygaveagroupcalledRevive&Restorepermissiontotryit.OnDecember10,2020,ElizabethAnnwasborn.Bloodtestshaveprovenhertobe100%black-footedferret.4.Whatwasthemaincauseofblack-footedferrets’almostdyingoutbythe1970s?A.Theywereshortoffood. B.Theywerekilledbyfarmers.C.Theylosttheirlivingplaces. D.Theysufferedfromabaddisease.5.WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutcloningElizabethAnn?A.Theeffectivemethod. B.Thegreatsignificance.C.Thedifferenttypes. D.Thepotentialrisk.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangingintheair”inParagraph4mean?A.Unexpected. B.Unconcerned. C.Unresolved. D.Unexposed.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Anewcloningageiscoming. B.Anendangeredspeciessurvivedbycloning.C.Theresearchofferrets’DNAwasconducted. D.Thetruthoftheextinctionoftheferretswasrevealed.C(2021·全國高三模擬)Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因)foods.A2018researchcenterfoundthat49%ofAmericansthinkfoodscontainingGMingredients(成分)areworseforone'shealththannaturalfoods.Slightlyfewerpeople,44%,believefoodswithGMingredientsareneitherbetternorworseforone'shealth.Only5%sayGMfoodsarebetterforone'shealth.Thecenterthusrevealsanearly50-50splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedintheU.S.InAmerica,allGMfoodsmustbeapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),whichrequirescarefulassessment.GMfoodscanresultinanimprovementofafood'sappearanceortaste;someGMfoodsmaturefasterandareslowertorot.So,whydohalfofAmericansbelievefoodscontainingGMingredientsareworse?Onereasonistheincreasedinterestinnaturalandorganicfoods.Anotheristhatthelong-termeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,areunknown.Thescientificconsensus,basedonmanystudies,isthatGMfoodsarenotdangeroustohumanhealth.TheAmericanDieteticAssociationarguesthatGMfoodscanevenbehealthierforyou.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)statesthat.“GMfoodscurrentlyavailableonthemarkethavepassedsafetyassessmentsandarenotlikelytopresentrisksforhumanhealth”.FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillong-termstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.8.Whydoestheauthormentionthestudyinthebeginning?A.TodefineGMfoods. B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Toexpressanopinion. D.Toprovideevidence.9.WhatcarpweinferaboutGMfoods?A.Theytastebetterbutripeslower. B.It’shardtoavoidthemindailylife.C.Theydiffergreatlyfromnaturalfoods. D.It'seasytodeterminewhetherthey'resafe.10.Whydonearly50%ofAmericansbelieveGMfoodsareworse?A.Thelong-terminfluenceofGMfoodsisn’tclear.B.OrganicfoodsarehealthierthanGMfoods.C.WHObelievesthatGMfoodsratherriskyforhealth.D.Thefiguresofthestudiesmayheinaccurate.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Approving. B.Skeptical. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.D(2021·上海浦東新區(qū)高三模擬)Ontheoccasionalclear-frostautumnnight,IwashikingthroughthedarkforestwithmyGMOwolf.Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism(轉(zhuǎn)基因生物),deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunt-toothed,small-pawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.Ourworldischangingrapidly.Inthelastfivedecades,globalpopulationhasfullydoubled,with3.7billionhungrymouthsaddedtoourplanet.Duringthissametimespan,theamountoflandsuitableforagriculturehasincreasedbyonly5%.Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamineonemighthavepredicted.Howdoscientistsmodifyaplantsothatitmakesmorefoodthanitsparentsdid?Wecouldtreateachharvestlikealitterofwolfpupsandselectonlyplantsbearingthefattest,richestseedsforthenextseason.Thiswasthemethodourancestorsusedtoengineerrice,comandwheatfromthewildgrassestheyencountered.Duringmychildhood,advancesingenetictechnologiesallowedscientiststoidentifyandclonethegenesresponsibleforrepressingstemgrowth,leadingtoshorter,strongerstalksthatcouldbearmoreseed—thehigh-yieldcropsthatfeedustoday.The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhigh-techtoolswithwhichtofurtherquickentheprocessofartificialselection.PlantgeneticistscannowdirectlyeditoutoreditinsectionsofDNAusingmolecularscissors.Wecanminimizeaplant’sweaknesseswhileaddingtoitsstrengths,andwedon’thavetowaitforseasonstopasstotesttheresult.Itisthetransformativepotentialofthesetechniquestoquicklysupplythenext-generationcropsrequiredforupcomingclimatechangethathasledmetobelieveinthesafetyandfunctionofGMOplantsinagriculturalproducts.WeneedmoreGMOresearchtofeedtheworldthatwearecreating.Ilovethequietforestthatstandsbetweenmylabandmyhome.ButIknowthatasascientist,Iamresponsiblefirsttohumanity.Wemustfeed,shelterandnurtureoneanotherasourfirstpriority,andtodoso,wemusttakeadvantageofourbesttechnologies,whichhavealwaysincludedsometypeofgeneticmodification.Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.IkeepthefaithofmyancestorseachnightwhenIwalkthroughtheforesttomylab,andmyGMOwolfdoesthesamewhensheguardsmywayhome.12.Whydoestheauthormentionthewolfinthe1stparagraph?A.Toadvisepeopletokeepwolvesaspets.B.Topersuadereaderstowelcomethenewtechnology.C.Tochangepeople’sattitudetowardswolves.D.Tointroduceatechnologyusedtohumans’advantage.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.GMOtechnologywillhelpweatherprooffuturecrops.B.WithGMOtechnology,faminehasbeeneliminated.C.Artificialselectionsmakehigh-yieldplantspossible.D.Theauthorbelievestechnologyshouldcontributetofuturegenerations.14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmodifyingaplant?A.Ittakesscientistsseasonstoknowwhethertheirselectioniscorrect.B.Onewayforancestorstochangeaplantwastoclonesomegenes.C.ModemtechniqueshelpspeeduptheartificialselectionbyalteringDNA.D.ThegeneralpublicshowstrongfaithinGMOplants,n15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.GMOTechnology—TurningWolvesintotheBestPetsB.EngineeredFood—FeedingFutureGenerationsC.EngineeredFood—ToBeorNotToBeD.GMOTechnology—ADrivingForceinWorldPeace二、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2021·北京市潞河中學(xué)高三三模)Theadventofhigh-techeraisstillbasedonthedevelopmentofhumanabilitytousetools.Fromancienttimes,1Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.Onthepositiveside,2Onthenegativeside,theymadetheburdenofslavesheavierandincreasedthepossibilityofcivilianuprisingDuringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.3Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.4Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.Theleakageofnuclearenergymakestheeconomyofsomecountriesfacecollapse(suchasJapan),andaslongasaterroristhasmasteredthecodeforlaunchinganuclearbomb,humanlifeintheworldwillbeatstake.Inthe21stcentury,thepositiveandnegativeaspectsbroughtaboutbynucleardeterrencehavestabilizedandstoppedgrowing.5Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceself-consciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.Asforthefollow-up,wecanonlyseehowhumanbeingsdecidetheirowndirectionA.humanbeingsbegantolearntousestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfireB.Inaddition,nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation,especiallywiththecomingofthenextWorldWarC.Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinscienceandtechnology.WeshouldtreattherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywithcorrecteyesD.theymainlyenhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctionsE.ThepositiveandnegativeaspectsincreasedinproportionF.However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankindG.Soweshouldresistthebadfactorstopromotethefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。(改編自2021·河北唐山一中高三一模)FaceshapeletsAIspotraredisordersPeoplewithgeneticsyndromessometimeshaverevealingfacialfeaturesbutusingthemtomakeaquickandcheapdiagnosiscanbe1giventherearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.Anewneuralnetworkthatanalysesphotographsoffacescanhelpdoctors2thepossibilities.YaronGurovichatbiotechnologyfirmFDNAinBostonandhisteambuiltneuralnetworktolookattheoverallimpressionoffacesand3alistofthe10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.They4theneuralnetwork,calledDeepGestalt,on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.TheteamthenaskedtheAlto5potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.Itincludedthecorrectansweramongitslistof10responses91percentofthetime.Gurovichandhisteamalso6theneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(變異)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.TheyusedphotographsofpeoplewithNoonansyndrome,whichcanresultfrommutationsinanyoneoffivegenes.DeepGestaltcorrectlyidentifiedthegeneticsourceofthephysicalappearance64percentofthetime.It’sclearlynot7butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.Asthesystemmakesitsassessments,thefacialregionsthatweremosthelpfulinthedeterminationare8andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.Thishelpsthemtounderstandtherelationshipsbetweengeneticmake-upandphysicalappearance.Thefactthatthediagnosisisbasedonasimplephotographraisesquestionsabout9.Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto10againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.11,Gurovichsaysthetoolwillonlybeavailableforusebyclinicians.Thistechniquecouldbring12tothosewhohavegeneticsyndromes.Therealvaluehereisthatforsomeoftheseultra-rarediseases,the13ofdiagnosiscanbemany,manyyears.Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthen14thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.Forothers,itcouldperhapsaddmeansoffindingotherpeoplewiththediseaseand,15helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.1.A.convincing B.tricky C.reliable D.profitable2.A.bringabout B.resultfrom C.narrowdown D.ruleout3.A.return B.input C.top D.feed4.A.based B.imposed C.concentrated D.trained5.A.identify B.distinguish C.transform D.cure6.A.tested B.demonstrated C.recognized D.modified7.A.acceptable B.perfect C.considerable D.workable8.A.covered B.excluded C.highlighted D.supervised9.A.objectivity B.accuracy C.reliability D.privacy10.A.discriminate B.fight C.argue D.vote11.A.Furthermore B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However12.A.challenges B.benefits C.damages D.concerns13.A.treatment B.response C.consequence D.process14.A.replied B.confirmed C.considered D.addressed15.A.bycontrast B.inturn C.inaddition D.insummary四、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(改編自2021·全國高二語法填空)Cloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.Thefirstmammaltobecloned1(success)fromanadultcellwasDolly,thesheep.Shewasbornin1996anddiedinearly2003,atamuchyoungerage2normal.Whenshewasborn,manypeople3(are)worriedthatcloningwouldleadtomorediseasesintheanimalworld.However,ingeneralthescientists4(praise)fortheirwonderfulscientificadvance.IanWilmut,theScottishscientistwhocreatedDolly,isshockedthatsomescientistsarenow5(consideration)cloninghumanbeings.Althoughheresearchescloning,his6(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.Insteadhethinksresearcheffortsshouldconcentrate7creatingnewtissuesandorgansthatcanbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.Eventhoughhumancloningiscausingalotof8(anxious),itisgoodnewsforthepersonswhocannothaveababy.SoSeverinoAntinori,9Italianphysician,hasdeclaredthathewantstobethefirst10(clone)ahumanbeing.五、寫作寫作(一)(改編自2021·福建高二月考)你班即將舉行主題為“Shouldhumancloningbeallowed?”的英語辯論賽。請你寫一篇發(fā)言稿。內(nèi)容包括：1.你的觀點：2.你的理由。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Shouldhumancloningbeallowed?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________寫作(二)(2021·山東濰坊一中高三三模)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Onemorningonmywaytoschool,noticedanelderlywomandressedinayellowvestcarryingagarbagebagandoneofthoserubbishclaws(爪形器具).“What’sthatladydoing?”Iaskedmum.“VestLady.Shejustpicksuprubbisharoundhereforfun,”mumsaid.“Whywouldsomeonethinkpickingup