第15講主謂一致（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.三年真題主謂一致考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表時(shí)間卷次語(yǔ)法填空/短文改錯(cuò)/單項(xiàng)選擇2023年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語(yǔ)法填空:/全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：become改為becomes全國(guó)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空:wasamazed短文改錯(cuò)：/北京卷語(yǔ)法填空:hasestablished浙江卷(1月)語(yǔ)法填空:werepermitted(6月)語(yǔ)法填空:/天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇：2022年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空:were；isdesigned新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語(yǔ)法填空:wasfixing全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空:haswalked短文改錯(cuò)：2.was→were4.become→became全國(guó)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：lives改為live北京卷語(yǔ)法填空:hasincreased；has浙江卷(1月)語(yǔ)法填空:are；isviewed或hasbeenviewed(6月)語(yǔ)法填空:/天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇：weredistributed2021年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語(yǔ)法填空:/全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空:wasbuilt短文改錯(cuò)：/全國(guó)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：/北京卷語(yǔ)法填空:connects;Hasbeen浙江卷(1月)語(yǔ)法填空:isconsidered(6月)語(yǔ)法填空:waspainted天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇:arebeingdisplayed（第二次）單項(xiàng)選擇:weredistributed；prepares2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年對(duì)于主謂一致主要考查：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的主謂一致；2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的主謂一致；3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主謂一致。【備考策略】1.掌握主謂一致的三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致；2.掌握主謂一致中的固定搭配；3.掌握定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致；4.掌握倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致。【命題預(yù)測(cè)】預(yù)計(jì)2024年高考主謂一致仍然是考查的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。主謂一致不會(huì)單獨(dú)考查，一般會(huì)與名詞、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)放在一起考查。主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。做題時(shí)還要保證時(shí)態(tài)及其他語(yǔ)法及詞義的正確性。考點(diǎn)一 就近一致原則由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。NeitherJimnorhisparentsknowanythingaboutit.吉姆和他母親都不知道這件事。在Therebe句型及Here開頭的句子中，有兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Thereisapen,twoknivesandseveralbooksonthetable.桌子上有一支鋼筆、兩把小刀和幾本書。→Therearetwoknives,apenandseveralbooksonthetable.桌子上有兩把小刀、一支鋼筆和幾本書。manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Manyaparentwasforcedtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷這一段痛苦的過(guò)程。1．Eitherthemanagerorhisassistants(is,are)toattendthemeeting.2．Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher(be)againsttheplanatthattime.Neitherwenorhe(be)willingtoaccepttheresult.2．Tom,alongwithhisparents,(be)goingtopayavisittoChinanextmonth.3．Here(be)apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.考點(diǎn)二 語(yǔ)法一致原則當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接由aswellas,accompaniedby,including,inadditionto,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,with,togetherwith等構(gòu)成的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。在這樣的句子里，這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語(yǔ)自身的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們?cè)诰渥永锲鋵?shí)是狀語(yǔ)。Pronunciationaswellasgrammarchangesquickly.發(fā)音與語(yǔ)法一樣變化很快。由lotsof,alotof,anumberof,plentyof等修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與所修飾的名詞形式保持一致。Agreatnumberofstudentswhowereinvitedtothepartywerefrommyschool.很多被邀來(lái)參加晚會(huì)的學(xué)生來(lái)自于我校。Agreatdealofwaterispollutedeveryyear.每年大量的水被污染。易混點(diǎn)：quantities/amountsof修飾名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于quantity和amount的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。QuantitiesofinformationareavailableontheInternet.在網(wǎng)上可得到大量的信息。定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)確定；如果定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)句子，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。ThosewhowerepraisedatthemeetingwouldbesenttoAmericaforfurtherstudy.在這次會(huì)議上被表?yè)P(yáng)的人將被派到美國(guó)深造。Russiaisupgradingitsnorthernfleet,whichincludes18icebreakers.俄羅斯正在升級(jí)它的北海艦隊(duì)，準(zhǔn)備增加18艘破冰船。倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致a．倒裝句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致，即謂語(yǔ)后面的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；謂語(yǔ)后面的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Abuildingstandsinfrontofus.→Infrontofusstandsabuilding.我們面前矗立著一棟樓。b．在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是原來(lái)句子的主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞that(或who)后面的謂語(yǔ)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。ItisLilywhoisadoctor.莉莉是一名醫(yī)生。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnotsodifficultasyouthink.學(xué)會(huì)一門外語(yǔ)并不像你想象的那么難。Thathehaswonthegameisknowntousall.他贏了這場(chǎng)比賽是我們都知道的事。Swimminginriversinsummerisagoodsport,buttoswiminriversinwinterneedsgreatwillpower.夏天在河里游泳是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)，但冬天在河里游泳需要極大的意志力。注意：從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若主句謂語(yǔ)部分為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主句謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)通常由作表語(yǔ)的名詞/代詞決定。Whattheyneedismoneywhilewhatweneedmostaretextbooks.他們需要的是錢，而我們最需要的是教科書。1.（2020·新課標(biāo)卷I·語(yǔ)法填空）“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct).”2.（2020·新課標(biāo)卷III·短文改錯(cuò)）Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.(2023·江蘇省南通徐州市等5地高三三模)Chinaisknownasthehomeoftea.ItissaidthatShennongdiscoverteaaround2700B．C．Atfirst,tealeaves________(chew).2.(2023·浙江省91高中聯(lián)盟年高三5月高考模擬)AmongthecivilianteamsthatleftforTurkeyonWednesday______(be)BlueSkyRescue,anonprofitChinesecivilianorganization,whosememberscomefromprovincial-levelregionsofChina.3.（2023·浙江省七彩陽(yáng)光新高考研究聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考）EventheChangjiang-1000Aengine,adomesticalternative,________(have)manyimportedparts.考點(diǎn)三 意義一致原則and,both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)形式。Herteacherandherfriendsareonholiday.她的老師和朋友們都在度假中。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.這位詩(shī)人兼作家寫出了許多作品。2.“no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldnextSunday.每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加下周日舉行的聚會(huì)。3.“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“許多……”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“……的數(shù)量”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofmeasureswerebeingtakentoprotecttheendangeredanimals人們正采取各種措施保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物。Thenumberofstaffhasdeclinedfrom218,000to116,000.員工人數(shù)從21.8萬(wàn)下降到了11.6萬(wàn)。4.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)指代或修飾名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其所修飾的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。therest,theremaining/part...，plentyof,agreatdealof等＋主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasveryboring.講座的前半部分很生動(dòng)，但后半部分非?？菰?。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only60percentoftheworkwasfinishedyesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。5.集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。Theclassaredoingexperiments.全班學(xué)生都在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。6.示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.三千英里是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。7.以-s/-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如physics,politics等及news作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Badnewstravelsquickly.[諺語(yǔ)]壞事傳千里。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如：deer，sheep，fish，means，works，Chinese等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要視其意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有方式都試過(guò)了。Everymeanshasbeentried.每一種方式都試過(guò)了。“the+形容詞”表示一類人，在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thewoundedhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.受傷的人被治愈，同時(shí)失蹤的人也被找到了.1.（2020·天津卷3月·單項(xiàng)填空）11.Asurveycarriedoutlastyearshowedthat80%ofthemiddle-agedinthiscity____________infavouroftheproposalonhealthcarereform.A.is B.are C.was D.were2.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___70___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.1.（2023·浙江省金華十校模擬）LakePowell,thesecondlargesthuman-madereservoir(水庫(kù))intheUS,haslostnearly7%ofitspotentialstoragecapacitysinceit______(build)in1963.2.1.Allweneed_________asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.are B.was C.is D.were過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)1.（2023·湖北省騰云聯(lián)盟八月聯(lián)考）Comparedwiththetwopredecessors,theFujianismuchbiggerandheavier.InadditiontotheJ-15fighterjet,thenewcarrier__________(expect)tohavenewadvancedcombatplanesordrones.2.（2023·粵湘鄂名校聯(lián)盟高三第一次聯(lián)考）AsthemostimportantceramicproductioncenterinChina,Jingdezhenproduceshigh-qualityporcelainthat____37____(appreciate)bothinChinaandworldwide.3.（2023·河南省安陽(yáng)市TOP二十名校摸底）The12animalsignsoftheChinesezodiac________(divide)into2categoriesbyChinesephilosophy—YinandYangTheory.4.（2023·江蘇省鹽城四校聯(lián)考）Nowadays,facemasks________(wear)allovertheworld,butChinaisoneoffirstcountriestorealizetheimportanceoffthewearingoffacemasks.Infact,itisalsoaresultoftraditionalculturalfactorsinChina.5.（2023·廣東省高三開學(xué)大聯(lián)考）Finally,soup________(bring)ontothetable,followedbythestaplefood,rice,noodles,orsometimesdumplings.6.（2023·江蘇省南通市海安市統(tǒng)考）Overthepasttwodecades,thepositivepsychologymovement___36___(brighten)uppsychologicalresearchwithitsscienceofhappiness,humanpotentialandflourishing.Itarguesthatpsychologistsshouldinvestigatenotonlymentalillnessbutalsowhat

makeslifeworthliving.7.（2023·江蘇省決勝新高考4月大聯(lián)考）Xidivillage________(compose)ofmorethan300civilresidences,mostofwhichwerebuiltintheMingandQingdynasties.8.（2023·重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)模擬）Oneofthequickestwaystomakecarpets,tuftingguns______(exist)fordecades.9.（2023·江蘇省無(wú)錫市江陰市統(tǒng)考）Theshow’sdirectorLiLu,whobecamewellknownforhisanti-corruptionseriesintheNameofthePeoplein2017,said“China_________(witness)dramaticchangesoverthepastfivedecadesanditistimetocreatesuchadramatorememberthepast.”10.（2023·河北省“五個(gè)一”名校聯(lián)盟統(tǒng)考）Inrecentyears,“reversetourism"_______(emerge)asanewtrendamongyoungholidaymakersinChina.11.（2023·廣東省惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研）Sometimeswhenweeat,whatwe’rehungryforisn’tfood—it’sthetasteofmemory.Studiesshowthatfoodswethinkofascomfortfoodsdon’tcontainanymagicalproperties.Whatmightbecomforting________(be)thefeelingofclosenesstootherpeopletheycanbring.12.（2023·貴州省聯(lián)考）“SinceIfirstcametoShanghai,I________(be)impressedbythekindnessandfriendlinessofthepeoplehere.EveryoneImetgavemeabigsmile,whethersanitationworkers(環(huán)衛(wèi)工人)onthestreetsorcashiersinconveniencestores.Theirsmileshavemademefeelthewarmthofthecity,”shesaid.13.（2023·江西省九江市一模）Xu’svillageislocatedatthebaseofMoonHill,apopulartouristdestinationfamousforamoon-shapedholeatthesummit.She_____(work)asatourguideandvendor(小販)inYangshuosince1998,whentheareabecamepopularwithforeignbackpackersandorganizedtours.14.（2023·廣西南寧市高三下學(xué)期5月模擬）HesaysthatwatchingTVseries__________(help)teenagersforgetaboutthepressuresofexamsandhomework,andthetroubleswhichfilltheworldtoday.15.（2023·粵湘鄂名校聯(lián)盟高三第一次聯(lián)考）OftencalledthePorcelain(瓷器)Capitalforitsimportantroleinthedomesticandinternationalceramic(陶瓷)industry,JingdezheninJiangxiProvinceisfamousforitsancientporcelainproductionthat_______(date)backtomorethan1,700yearsago.真題演練2023年1.【2023年全國(guó)乙卷】____46Havingvisited____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.2.【2023年全國(guó)甲卷】Intheevening,whenItakeawalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsectsbecomemoremeaningfultome.3.【2023年北京卷】Uptonow,China____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.【2023年浙江卷1月】Citizensofhighersocialclasses____59____(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat__________(be)previouslyunprotected....Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.2.【2022全國(guó)甲卷】Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents3.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane________（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.4.【2022年浙江卷1月】ButCobbandothers________（be）nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and________（change）theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis....OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists__________（promise）toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry___42___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.6.【2022年北京卷】Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally____16____(have)norecognisablesmell.7.【2022年北京卷】Theuseofthoseplastics____20____(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.8.【2022年全國(guó)乙卷】Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.8.【2022年天津卷第二次】Foodandmedicalsupplies________toalltheresidentsafterthehurricanelastSunday.A.distribute B.distributedC.aredistributed D.weredistributed9.【2022年天津卷第二次】Criticalreasoning,togetherwithproblem-solving,________teenagerstomakebetterdecisions.A.prepare B.preparesC.ispreparing D.arepreparing2021年1.【2021.6新高考1卷】Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit

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(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.2.【2021.6全國(guó)甲卷】It

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(build)originallytoprotectthecity

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(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.7.【2021.6全國(guó)甲卷改錯(cuò)】Oneofthequestionsare:Whowillyougointimesoftrouble?8．【2021年北京卷】Asit____13____(connect)things，yourbraintumsthemintoastory,andyougetadream．9.【2021年北京卷】There____17____(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,____18____(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.10.【2021年天津卷第一次】We________quiteenoughworkforthemorning;nowlet'stakeabreak.A．havedone B．willdo C．haddone D．weredoing9．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently,about35,000works________inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.A．weredisplaying B．a(chǎn)redisplayingC．werebeingdisplayed D．a(chǎn)rebeingdisplayed2020年1.【2020年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ】＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit67.(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68.(construct)＂2.【2020年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ】Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62.(carry)specialsignificance.3.【2020全國(guó)Ⅲ卷】Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohaveabowlofeggsoupwhileIhadtoeatanapple.Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.4.【2020年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷（山東卷）】Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40.(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection41.(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.5.【2020年浙江卷1月】Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation-itisaging.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950___56___(be)30-todayitis41andisexpected___57toincrease___(increase)to42by2050....6.【2020年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷(海南卷)】Becausethenumberofpossibletopics____43____（be）practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers____44____（encourage）tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof_____45_our____（we）FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.7.【2020年北京卷】OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood___1__(play)abigroleinhislife."8.【2020年北京卷】Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey___4___(throw)away.9.【2020年浙江卷7月】And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood___59___(need).10【2020年天津卷第一次】—Themachineisworkingagain！—Yes,itbrokedownyesterday,butit___________.A.hasbeenfixed B.isbeingfixedC.hadbeenfixed D.wouldbefixed11.【2020年天津卷第一次】Asurveycarriedoutlastyearshowedthat80%ofthemiddle-agedinthiscity____________infavouroftheproposalonhealthcarereform.A.is B.are C.was D.were12.【2020年江蘇卷】Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthat_