必修3Unit3Theworldofscience過關(guān)測試（考試時(shí)間：60分鐘試卷滿分：100分）一．基礎(chǔ)知識過關(guān)練：（30*0.5=15分）1．_______________v．按壓→_______________n．壓力2．_______________adj.易彎曲的→_______________n．靈活3．_______________adj.主要的：重要的；大的→_______________n．大部分；大多數(shù)4．_______________adj.重要的→_______________n.重要性5．_______________v.使受傷→_______________adj.受傷的→_______________n.傷口6．_______________n.化學(xué)家→_______________n.化學(xué)7．_______________n.天文學(xué)家→_______________n.天文學(xué)8．_______________n.生物學(xué)家→_______________n.生物學(xué)9．_______________adj.精確的→_______________n.精確10．_______________n.起源→_______________adv.起初；原來11．_______________adj.精神的→_______________adv.精神上地12．_______________adj.科學(xué)(上)的→_______________n.科學(xué)→_______________n.科學(xué)家13．_______________adv.完全地→_______________adj.完全的，整個(gè)的14．_______________n.聲明；宣告→_______________v.宣布二．單元過關(guān)測試：（一）閱讀理解ATheUSgovernmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedangersofearthquakesbypublishingamap.Thismapshowsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.Theareasofthemapwhereearthquakesaremostlikelytooccurarecalledearthquakebelts.Thegovernmentisspendingagreatdealofmoneyandisworkinghardtohelptodiscovertheanswerstothesetwoquestions：Canwepredictearthquakes?Canwecontrolearthquakes?Toanswerthefirstquestion,scientistsarelookingverycloselyatthemostactivefault(斷層)systemsinthecountry,suchastheSanAndreasfaultinCalifornia.Afaultisabreakbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurface.Thesebreaksbetweensectionsaretheplaceswhereearthquakesoccur.Scientistslookatthefaultsforchangeswhichmightshowthatanearthquakewasabouttooccur.Butitwillprobablybemanyyearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakescorrectly.Andthecontrolofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.However,therehavebeensomeinterestingdevelopmentseq\a\vs4\al(in)thefieldofcontrollingearthquakes.ThemostinterestingdevelopmentconcernstheRockyMountainArsenalearthquakes.Herewaterwasputintoalayerofrocks4,000metresbelowthesurfaceoftheground.Shortlyafterthisinjection(注射)ofwater,therewasasmallnumberofearthquakes.Scientistshavedecidedthatthewaterwhichwasinjectedintotherocksworkedlikeoiloneachother.Whenthewater“oiled”thefault,thefaultbecameslipperyandtheenergyofanearthquakewasgivenout.Scientistsarestillexperimentingatthesiteoftheseearthquakes.Theyhaverealizedthatthereisaconnectionbetweentheinjectionofthewaterandtheearthquakeactivity.Theyhavesuggestedthatitmightbepossibletousethisknowledgetopreventverybig,dangerousearthquakes;thatis,scientistscouldinjectsomekindoffluidlikewaterintofaultsandchangeonebigearthquakeintoanumberofsmall,harmlessearthquakes.1．Earthquakesbeltsare_________.A．mapsthatshowwhereearthquakesarelikelytooccurB．zoneswithahighprobabilityofearthquakesC．breaksbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurfaceD．thetwolayersofearthalongafault2．TheSanAndreasfaultis________.A．a(chǎn)nactivefaultsystemB．a(chǎn)placewhereearthquakeshavebeenpredictedcorrectlyC．a(chǎn)placewhereearthquakeshavebeencontrolledD．a(chǎn)tthefootoftheRockyMountain3．WhatcanbesaidabouttheexperimentsattheRockyMountainArsenal?A．Theyhavenopracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.B．Theymayhavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.C．Theyarecertaintohavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.D．Nothingistoldabouttheirpracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.B(2019·石家莊模擬)Ireland'sAchillIslandhasalwaysbeenapopularEuropeantouristdestination.However,sinceAprilin2017,thesmallislandofjust2,700residents(居民)hasgainedworldwidefamethankstothemagicalreturnofabeachthatwaswashedawayoverthreedecadesago.Thechainofeventsbeganin1984whenresidentsofDooagh,oneofthesettlementsontheisland,awoketoasurprisingsight:theirbeautifulsandybeachhadbeenwashedawaybystrongAtlanticstorms.Therewereonlyrocksandrockpoolsleft.Forabout34years,onlysmallamountsofsandreturnedtotheonceunspoiledshores.Thearea'stourismindustryslowlydeclined,andthehandfulofbeachsidehotels,pubs,andrestaurantsgraduallyclosedaswell.ThenaroundEasterin2017,somethingmagicalhappened—anunusualten-daytideblanketedthebarren300-meterlongrockbeachwithhundredsoftonsofsoftgoldensand.Scientistssuspectthatthesandhadbeengatheringoffshoreformonthsandwastransportedtothebeachbythehighwindsandpowerfulwaves.Thelocalsaredelightedtohavetheirbeachback,especiallyasitisattractingthousandsofvisitorswishingtowitnessthepowerofnature,withtheirowneyes.However,SeanMolloy,manageratAchillTourism,cautionsagainstgoingintothecoldwatersjustyet,saying,“Becauseofthesandcomingin,wedon'tknowhowsafethebeachisnowbecausecurrents(水流)couldbechangedandit'lltakealittlebitoftime.”Heinsteadrecommendsvisitorsenjoythesoftsandandleavetheswimmingtothedolphinsthatfrequentthearea.Interestingly,thisisnotthefirsttimeDooaghBeachhaspulledadisappearingandreappearingact.Itdisappearedinthe1890s,forover30years,beforereturningin1927.However,thelocalsareoptimisticthatthistimearound,thebeautifulsandisheretostay.4．WhathasbroughtAchillIslandworldwideattentionrecently?A．Anunusualstorm.B．Thedecreaseinthenumberofresidents.C．Thereturnofitsbeach.D．Thebuildingofanewtouristdestination.5．WhathappenedtoDooaghinthepastthreedecades?A．Tourismwentdowngradually.B．Restaurantsdevelopedslowly.C．Stormsattackedfrequently.D．Rockpoolsdisappearedcompletely.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barren”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Noisy. B．Soft.C．Bare. D．Golden.7．WhatshouldtouristsavoidaccordingtoSeanMolloy?A．Spoilingtheshores.B．Gettingintotherockpools.C．Playingwithdolphins.D．Swimmingnearthebeach.C(2019·南寧聯(lián)考)Itusedtobeoneoftheworld'smostsplendidtrainstations,sittingontheFrench-Spanishborder—butthenitfellintodisrepair.Now,writesChrisBockman,thebuildingisshowingnewsignsoflife.Thetrainstationwasbuiltinironandglass,completewithahospital,arestaurantandlivingquartersforcustomsofficersfrombothFranceandSpain.Atthetimeitwasnicknamedthe“TitanicoftheMountains”．Butafterthedaythestationwasopenedin1928bytheFrenchpresidentandtheSpanishking,flawsquicklybecameobvious.Therailgauges(軌距)weredifferent,sopassengersstillhadtochangetrains.Itmadetransportinggoodstooslow.Intheearly1930s,asfewas50passengersadaywereusingthestation.Andthenthingsgotworse.DuringtheSpanishCivilWar,thetunnelsontheSpanishsideweresealedofftopreventRepublicanrebels(反叛者)frombringingweaponsin.Later,theFrenchlostinterestintheline.WhenatrainderailedontheFrenchsidein1970,thatsignaledthatFranceabandonedtheline.Thegrandbuildingitselfwenttorot.Thetracksrusted,theceilingsfellinwiththeseverewinterweatherandvandalism(故意破壞財(cái)物的行為)didtherest.ButafewyearsagothelocalgovernmentinAragondecidedtobuytheplaceandrestoreit,claimingitwasamajorpartofSpanishhistory.TheFrenchgovernmenthasagreedtoreopenthelineonitssidetoo.Ifallgoestoplan,the“TitanicoftheMountains”couldbebackinbusinesswithinfiveyearsbeforetheendof2022.Itisreportedthatthemassivewoodenticketcountersatthestationhavealreadybeenrestored.8．ThefollowingfactorscontributedtotheshutdownofthetrainstationEXCEPT________.A．itspoorappearance B．differentgaugesC．theSpanishCivilWar D．slowtransportingspeed9．Whenthetrainstationreopens,itmaycelebrateits______anniversary.A．52nd B．72ndC．94th D．89th10．Whatwillprobablyhappentothetrainstation?A．Itwillberepaired.B．Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C．Itwillbeknockeddown.D．ItwillbesoldtotheFrenchgovernment.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheDesignofaTrainStationB．TheWarBetweenFranceandSpainC．TheHistoryofaTrainStationD．The“TitanicoftheMountains”ComingBackDTravelingtoEuropetoseeitsfamousmonumentsliketheEiffelTowerinParisandtheColosseum(古羅馬競技場)inRome,isnotexactlytheidealvacationforkids.Fortunately,Europehasmoretoofferthanlotsofoldchurchesandancienthistory.Youcanenjoysomefunwithyourkidsinthesunatsomeofthefamousbeachesofthecontinent.Mykonos,GreeceThecloseryougettotheequator,thelongerthebeachseasonis,andGreeceiswonderfulforthat.Youcanenjoybeautifulgreenwater,publicchairsandlovelyumbrellasatthebeachesinMykonos.Dubrovnik,CroatiaThere'snothingmoreattractivethanthebeautifulbeachesborderingDubrovnik,Croatia'smostbeautifulcity.It'ssurroundedbystonewallslikeacastle.Italmostmakesyoufeellikeyou'resuntanning(日光浴)atHogwarts,wheretheheroHarryPotterofthestoryistrained!Sicily,ItalyRabbitBeachontheislandofSicilyoffersshallowandcrystalclearwaters,makingitaperfectbeachforfamilieswithyoungchildren.Andifyouwanttoaddinteresttoyourexperience,trysnorkeling(徒手潛水)．Nice,FranceLinedwithpalmtreesandfirst-classhotels,thecityofNice,locatedontheFrenchRiviera,offersawholecoastlineofMediterraneanbeaches.Becausethey'reintheheartofthecity,thesebeachesattractalargecrowd.Soifyou'relookingforsomethingmoreprivate,you'llhavetotravelafewmilesoutsideofthecitycenter.Ribadeo,SpainAtlowtide,PlayadelasCatedralesinRibadeo,Spainistheperfectbeachtotakeinthenaturalwonderswithouturbanamusementslikerestaurants,barsorhugecrowds.Itboastsbeautifulwildflowersanduniquerockformationsmakingittrulyapictureworthy.12．WhatmakesDubrovniksospecial?A．Itissurroundedbystonewalls.B．Ithasthemostattractivecoastline.C．Ithasthelongestbeachseason.D．ItisthetrainingcenterofHarryPotter.13．Ifyouplantogotoabeachinthecity,whereshouldyougo?A．Mykonos. B．Sicily.C．Nice. D．Ribadeo.14．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutRibadeo?A．Visitorscantrysnorkelingthere.B．Itoffersvisitorsfirst-classhotels.C．Ithasrestaurants,barsandhugecrowds.D．Visitorscanenjoyuniquerockformationsthere.15．Whatdoallthebeacheshaveincommon?A．Theyhavebeautifulwildflowers.B．TheyarefamousEuropeanbeaches.C．Theyarewell-knownfortheirgreenwater.D．Theyprovidevisitorswithurbanamusements.（二）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Beforegoingoutsideinthemorning，manyofuscheckawindowthermometer(溫度計(jì))forthetemperature.Thishelpsusdecidewhattowear.1.Wewantourfoodtobeacertaincoldnessintherefrigerator.Wewantitacertainhotnessintheoven.Ifwedon’tfeelwell，weuseathermometertoseeifwehaveafever.Wekeepourroomsacertainwarmthinthewinterandacertaincoolnessinthesummer.Notallthethermometersusethesamesystemtomeasuretemperature.WeuseasystemcalledtheFahrenheitscale.ButmostothercountriesusetheCentigradescale.Bothsystemsusethefreezingandboilingpointsofwaterastheirguide.2.Themostcommonkindofthermometerismadewithmercury(水銀)insideaclearglasstube.Asmercury(oranyotherliquid)becomeshot，itexpands.Asitgetscolder，itcontracts(收縮)．Thatiswhyonhotdaysthemercurylineishighintheglasstube.3.First.Takeaclearglassjuicebottlethathasacapfillthebottlewithcolouredwater.Tapaholeinthecenterofthecapusingahammerandthicknail.Putthecaponthejar.Thenstickaplasticstraw(吸管)throughthenailhole.4.Finally.Placeawhitecardontheoutsideofthebottleandbehindthestraw.Nowyoucanseethewaterlevereasily.5.Asthetemperaturegoesdown，thewaterwillcontract，andtheleverinthestrawwillcomedown.Perhapsyouwillwanttokeeparecordofthewaterleverinthestraweachmorningforaweek.A．Weuseanddependonthermometerstomeasurethetemperatureofmanyotherthings.B．Thermometersmeasuretemperature，byusingmaterialsthatchangeinthesamewaywhentheyareheatedorcooled.C．Nowthatyouknowthisruleyoucanmakeathermometerofyourownthatwillwork.D．Thewaterwillriseinthestraw.Asthetemperatureoftheairgoesup，thewaterwillexpandandriseevenhigher.E．Theylabeltheseindifferentways.OntheFahrenheitscalewaterfreezesat32degreesandboilsat212degrees.OntheCelsiusscalewaterfreezesat0degreesandboilsat100degrees.F．Takewax(youmayuseanoldcandleifyouhaveone)andmeltsomeofitrightwherethestrawisstruckintothecaptoseal(把……粘住)themtogether.G．Peopleusethermometerswhicharemadebythemselveswhentravellingaroundtheworld.（三）.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Atthebeginning，InuitthroatsingingwasaformofentertainmentenjoyedbyInuitwomenwhilethemenwereawayonhuntingtrips.Itwasanactivitythat1involvedInuitwomenalthoughtherehavebeensomemendoingitaswell.Itwasregardedmoreasatypeofvocal(有聲的)orbreathinggameintheInuitcultureratherthanaformof2.Inuitthroatsingingisgenerallydonebytwoindividualsbutcan3fourormorepeopletogetheraswell.InInuitthroatsinging，twoInuitwomenfaceeachothereitherstandingorcrouching(蹲伏)downwhileholdingeachother’sarms.One4withshortdeeprhythmicsoundswhiletheother5.Theleaderrepeatssoundswithshortgapsinbetween.Thefollowerfillsinthese6withherownrhythmicsounds.SometimesbothInuitwomenwouldbedoingadancemovementlikerockingfromlefttorightinthroatsinging.BothInuktitutwordsand7syllablesareusedinInuitthroatsingingsongs.However，whenwordsareusedinthroatsinging，noparticularmeaningis8onthemforasong.9meaninglesssyllablesareused，theyoftenstandforthesoundstheInuithearintheir10environmentsuchasanimalsoundsorevenwaterrunningdownacreek.Inuitthroatsingingisaskillthathastobetaughtanddeveloped.Inuitthroatsingerstrytoshowtheirvocalabilitiesinafun11mannerandthefirstonetoeitherrunoutofbreath，stoporlaughisdeclaredtheloserofthegame.Eachgameusuallylastsfromonetothreeminutes.12，thereisnowrittenrecordofwhentheInuitfirstdevelopedtheirformofthroatsinging.TheInuitdidnot13anywrittenrecordsandInuitthroatsingingwassimplypasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration14.ManyoftheyoungInuitwomenwhohave15throatsingingclaimthatitisawayforthemtoexpresstheirInuitidentitiesinthemodernworldwheremanyInuittraditionshavealreadybeenlost.A.totally B．primarilyC．hardly D．briefly2．A.exercise B．performanceC．music D．contest3．A.attract B．involveC．gather D．draw4．A.keeps B．continuesC．ends D．leads5．A.responds B．saysC．listens D．interrupts6．A.blanks B．gapsC．hollows D．holes7．A.single B．strongC．meaningless D．weak8．A.forgotten B．cancelledC．persuaded D．placed9．A.When B．BecauseC．Since D．Although10．A.spiritual B．culturalC．social D．natural11．A.pleasant B．similarC．competitive D．friendly12．A.Honestly B．SurelyC．Luckily D．Unfortunately13．A.beat B．keepC．hold D．set14．A.formally B．orallyC．secretly D．privately15．A.takenup B．brokenupC．broughtup D．lookedup（四）語法填空Hongbao，aredenvelopewithsmallamountsofmoneyin，isagiftthatisguaranteedtobewarmlyreceived，notjustbecauseofthecash，butalso