M1Unit3Lookinggood,feelinggood(測(cè))-2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)(新高考?江蘇)一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2020·浙江高三月考)Whenitcomestojudgmentoftheirbodies,womencan’twin.Peopleoftenmake“fatjokes”,butfat-shamingisnolaughingmatter;neitherisfit-shaming.Ispoketotwowomenwhowereshamedforbeingfat,andthen,afterlosingweight,shamedforbeingfit.SarahMooreisa29-year-oldmotherofthreefromIndiana,US.Shebecameapersonaltrainerafterlosingmorethan45kg.Sheremembersthefat-shamingsheborebeforeherweightloss.Whenwaitingtogetonarollercoasteronce,peoplebehindherwerecomplainingaboutthewait,andtheattendant(服務(wù)人員)toldthem,“Don’tworry.She’snotgoingtofitonhere,andyou’llbenext.”Butafterlosingweight,Mooresaidpeoplecommentedonherbodyevenmore.“NowIgetcommentslike,‘Areyousureyoucaneatthat?’becausethey’reworriedI’llregaintheweight,”shesaid.

Howdoesitmakeherfeel?“Fat-shamingmademefeelsadandhelpless,andfit-shamingmakesmeangry,”shesaid.Changesinbodyweightcanalsoinfluencerelationships.Itcanupsetthebalancebecauseotherscangetjealous.Peoplewholoseweightcanexperiencepersonalitychanges,suchasanincreaseinconfidence,whichalsoinfluencesrelationships.Fit-shaminghasbeenhardertohandleforAndreaSereda,a38-year-oldsocialworkerinCanada.Shesaidjudgmentofherbodyissomethingshe’sfacedforyears.Seredasaidthatwhenshewas9,hergrandfathertoldheratabirthdayparty,“Idon’tthinkyoushouldeatcake,”andmadecommentsabouthowmanycalorieseachbitecontainedassheateit.Shealsoexperiencedsimilarthingsincollege.ThejudgmentofSereda’sbodyincreasedaftershelost57kg.“It’sworsewithpeoplewhoknewmefrombefore,”Seredasaid.“Peopleconstantlysay,‘You’resoskinnynowyou’regoingtodisappear.’”

Itwasmostlyfriendsmakingsuchcomments.CloserfriendsseemedtocomparetheirownbodiesnegativelytoSereda’snewphysique(體型).“Iwasafraidofgoingoutandhavingtofieldallthesecomments,”Seredasaid.“Ihadtolearnhowtohandleit.”Letustrytounderstandthatjustbecausesomeonehaslostweight,itdoesn’tmakethemfairgameforcommentaryontheirnewshape.Everyonedeservestolivefreeofbeingbodyshamed,regardlessofhowtheylook.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要通過(guò)SarahMoore和AndreaSereda兩個(gè)人在減肥前和減肥后人們對(duì)于她們身體的評(píng)價(jià)和自己的感受，告訴我們不要去過(guò)多的在乎身體怎樣，我們要活的輕松一點(diǎn)，不要去在意別人對(duì)于自己身體的看法。1.SarahMooreisshamedforbeingfitafterlosingweightmainlybecause________.A.peoplestilljudgehernewbodyshape B.shelosttoomuchweightafterherdietC.herpersonalitychangedforthebetter D.peoplearealljealousofhernewlook【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Butafterlosingweight,Mooresaidpeoplecommentedonherbodyevenmore.“NowIgetcommentslike,‘Areyousureyoucaneatthat?’becausethey’reworriedI’llregaintheweight,”shesaid.Howdoesitmakeherfeel?“Fat-shamingmademefeelsadandhelpless,andfit-shamingmakesmeangry,”shesaid.(但在減肥后，摩爾說(shuō)，人們對(duì)她的身體評(píng)論更多?！艾F(xiàn)在我得到了這樣的評(píng)論：‘你確定你能吃那些嗎？’因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心我會(huì)恢復(fù)體重，”她說(shuō)。這讓她感覺(jué)如何？她說(shuō)：“肥胖使我感到悲傷和無(wú)助，而羞辱健康使我生氣”)可知，莎拉·摩爾在減肥后，身體很健康，她感覺(jué)被羞辱主要是因?yàn)槿藗內(nèi)匀辉谠u(píng)判她的新體型。故選A。2.TheexampleofAndreaSeredaisusedto________.A.explainwhatpusheswomentoloseweight B.showthenegativeeffectsoffitshamingC.suggestwhatcanbedonetohandlefatshaming D.showthedifficultiesoverweightwomenface【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Fit-shaminghasbeenhardertohandleforAndreaSereda,a38-year-oldsocialworkerinCanada.(38歲的加拿大社會(huì)工作者安德里亞塞雷達(dá)更難處理身體羞辱的問(wèn)題。)”以及“Iwasafraidofgoingoutandhavingtofieldallthesecomments,”Seredasaid.“Ihadtolearnhowtohandleit.”(“我害怕出去，不得不應(yīng)付所有這些評(píng)論，”塞雷達(dá)說(shuō)?！拔冶仨殞W(xué)會(huì)如何處理它。”)可推斷，安德里亞塞雷達(dá)的例子是用來(lái)說(shuō)明身體羞辱帶來(lái)的消極結(jié)果。故選B。3.Whatwouldbeaproperwaytotreatthosewhohavelostweight?A.Toappreciatetheirnewbodyshape. B.Tostopcommentingontheirphysique.C.Toencouragethemtomaintaintheirshape. D.Toremindthemtobecarefulwiththeirdiet.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Letustrytounderstandthatjustbecausesomeonehaslostweight,itdoesn’tmakethemfairgameforcommentaryontheirnewshape.Everyonedeservestolivefreeofbeingbodyshamed,regardlessofhowtheylook.(讓我們?cè)囍斫猓翰荒軆H僅因?yàn)槟橙藴p肥了，就對(duì)他們的新體形進(jìn)行評(píng)論讓他們成為可攻擊的對(duì)象。不管他們看起來(lái)如何，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該不受身體羞辱的活著。)”可推斷，對(duì)待減肥的人的正確方式是停止評(píng)論他們的體形。故選B。B(2021·貴州高三)Somepeoplemustcarefullypayattentiontoeverythingtheyputintheirmouthsinordertocontroltheirweight.Bycontrast,otherscaneatFrenchfriestotheirhearts’contentandachievethesameresult.Howdosomepeoplemanagenevertogainweight?“Perception,oneofthemostimportantfactors,hasnothingtodowiththebodytypebecauseourpersonalfeelingisalwayswrong.Weoftenfeelthatsomepeoplewhoeatmoredon’tputonweight.Actually?thosewhoappeartoeatwhatevertheylikewithoutgainingweightaren’teatingmorethantherestofus,”saidprofessorKathleenMelanson.“Forexample,yourfriendwhoeatsicecreamonadailybasismighteatlessatanothermeal-orsnacklessthroughouttherestoftheday.”“Physicalactivitycanalsomakeadifference,butitdoesn’thavetobeagymworkout.There’slittleevidencetosuggestthat—withoutexercise-somepeoplewereborntoburnsignificantlymorecaloriesthanothers,”saidDrInesBarroso,aresearcherattheUniversityofCambridge.Buttheremaybephysicaldifferencesthatallowsomepeopletonaturallycontrolthenumberofcaloriestheyconsumewithoutexercisingmuchself-regulation.Alotofnervoussystemsignalsandhormones(激素)thatcirculateinourbloodinteracttotelluswhenwe’rehungryorfull.Thisiscalledtheappetiteregulatorysystem,anditmaybemoresensitiveinsomepeoplethanothers,Melansonsaid.Oneimportanthormoneinvolvedinthissystemisleptin(瘦素).Ithelpsregulatehowmuchfoodwewanttoeatoverlongerperiodsoftime,notjustforournextmeal.Soapersonwithamoresensitivesystemmightgobackforsecondsandthirdsataparty,thenfeelfullforthenextfewdaysandeatless.Geneticscanalsoplayaroleinaperson’stendencytogainorloseweight.Researchershaveidentifiedover250differentregionsofDNAthatareassociatedwithobesity,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinPLOSGenetics.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章為我們解釋了有些人從不增重的原因。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Perception”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Connection. B.Sense. C.Defense. D.Reduction.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“becauseourpersonalfeelingisalwayswrong.”(因?yàn)槲覀儌€(gè)人的感覺(jué)總是錯(cuò)的。)可猜測(cè)，劃線句說(shuō)明：作為最重要的因素之一，感覺(jué)與體型無(wú)關(guān)。Perception是“感覺(jué)”的意思。故選B項(xiàng)。5.Whatdoweknowaboutleptin?A.Itmakespeopleusuallyfeelhungry. B.Ithelpspeoplehaveabetterappetite.C.Ithelpspeopleregulatetheirfoodintake. D.Itmakespeoplemoresensitivetotheflavouroffood.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Oneimportanthormoneinvolvedinthissystemisleptin(瘦素).Ithelpsregulatehowmuchfoodwewanttoeatoverlongerperiodsoftime,notjustforournextmeal.”(在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中有一種重要的荷爾蒙叫做瘦素，它幫助我們?cè)诤荛L(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)我們想吃多少食物，而不僅僅是為了下一頓飯。)可知，瘦素可以幫助人們調(diào)節(jié)食物的攝入量。故選C項(xiàng)。6.Whatdothefindingsofthe2019studyshow?A.Weightproblemscanbeavoided.B.Losingweightisequallydifficultforeveryone.C.Somepeoplemaybeborntohaveweightproblems.D.Genescanbecompletelychangedtoavoidweightproblems.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Geneticscanalsoplayaroleinaperson’stendencytogainorloseweight.Researchershaveidentifiedover250differentregionsofDNAthatareassociatedwithobesity,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinPLOSGenetics.”(基因也會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的增重或減重傾向。根據(jù)2019年發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館遺傳學(xué)》上的一項(xiàng)研究，研究人員已經(jīng)確定了超過(guò)250個(gè)不同的DNA區(qū)域與肥胖有關(guān)。)可知，有些人可能天生就有體重問(wèn)題，這是基因問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tosharesomeideasabouthowtoloseweight.B.Toexplainwhysomepeoplenevergainweight.C.Toadvisepeopletocontroltheirdailydietstrictly.D.Tocallforpeopletopayattentiontohealthyeating.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Howdosomepeoplemanagenevertogainweight?”(有些人是如何做到永遠(yuǎn)不發(fā)胖的呢？)及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文的目的是來(lái)為我們解釋為什么有些人從不增重。故選B項(xiàng)。C(2021·湖南長(zhǎng)沙一中高三月考)Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight,thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,“Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain.”TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholResearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbecomingobese.What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白藜蘆醇),acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。人們普遍認(rèn)為經(jīng)常飲酒會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖，但是最近研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)適量飲酒可以起到減肥的效果，而且還可以防止糖尿病。8.Theunderlinedphrase“inmoderation”inthefirstparagraphmeans“________”.A.excitedly B.carefully C.frequently D.properly【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight...”(回顧過(guò)去的研究，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然酗酒者的確會(huì)增加體重)，根據(jù)連詞while可知上下文存在對(duì)比關(guān)系，所以猜測(cè)畫(huà)線部分應(yīng)和heavydrinkers對(duì)應(yīng)，指適量飲酒的人，說(shuō)明但是那些適當(dāng)飲酒的人實(shí)際上會(huì)減肥。故選D。9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.C.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.”(他的研究小組指出，適量飲酒具有很強(qiáng)的保護(hù)作用，可以降低患糖尿病等疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而糖尿病與肥胖人數(shù)的增加有關(guān)。)可知Dr.HarveyFinkel指出適量飲酒對(duì)應(yīng)糖尿病有保護(hù)作用，也就是說(shuō)適量飲酒的人患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低，故選A。10.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments. B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove. D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白藜蘆醇)，acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.”(此外，三年前的一項(xiàng)研究表明，葡萄和紅葡萄酒中存在的一種化合物白藜蘆醇會(huì)破壞脂肪細(xì)胞。0由此可知接下來(lái)就會(huì)證明這一理論的正確性，故選C。11.Whereisthearticlemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Achemistrytextbook. B.ATVadvertisement.C.Asciencemagazine. D.Asupermarketwebsite.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.”(一直以來(lái)，人們都認(rèn)為酒精會(huì)讓人發(fā)胖，因?yàn)樗写罅康奶欠郑钚卵芯勘砻?，每天一杯酒可以成為飲食的一部分?由此可知，本篇文章都在敘述與之相關(guān)的研究，那么這篇文章最有可能來(lái)自科學(xué)雜志上，故選C。D(2021·陜西高三)Australia’sbiggestsoftdrinkmakers,includingCoca-ColaandPepsi,promisedonMondaytocutindustry-widesugarusebyafifthoversevenyearstopreventobesityinacountrywherenearlyathirdofthepopulationisdangerouslyfat.Australiahasthefifth-highestrateofobesityinthedevelopedworld,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,ahealthconditionthatcanexacerbate(使惡化)problemsfromdiabetestoheartdisease.Beverage(飲料)producersinAustraliahavealreadyseensomeconsumersswitchawayfromsugarydrinksbecauseofhealthconcernsandtheyhavepromisedthereductionasauthoritiespressforasugartaxsimilartooneintroducedinBritaininApril.“Wethinkthisisastepintherightdirection,”saidGeoffParker,chiefexecutiveofficeroftheAustralianBeveragesCouncil(ABC),themainbodyrepresentingnon-alcoholicdrinkmakers,anindustrywhichgeneratesA$5billion($3.7billion)inannualrevenue.“We’recertainlyencouragingothersectorsofthefoodsupply,andindeedothercategoriestojoinwithustoreducesugaracrosstheportfoliotohelphandlewhatisareallyacomplexproblemandthatisobesity.”Companieswillaimfora10percentreductionintotalsugarper100millilitersintheirdrinksby2020anda20percentreductionby2025,achievedviaacombinationofrecipemodificationandincreasingsalesoflow-sugarbeverages,theBeveragesCouncilsaid.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saidlastyeardrinkingfewersweetdrinkswasthebestwaytopreventexcessiveweightandpreventchronicdiseasessuchasdiabetes,althoughfatandsaltinprocessedfoodswerealsotoblame.Ithaspressedforgovernmentstotaxsugar.InAustralia,whereaccordingtoWHOstatisticstwo-thirdsofadultsareoverweightandnearlyathirdareobeseorgrosslyoverweight,theAustralianMedicalAssociationhaspressedforasugartaxbutithasbeenresistedbythecountry’stwomajorpoliticalparties.“Wedon’twanttoseethepriceofgroceriesgoup.”HealthMinisterGregHunttoldtheAustralianBroadcastingCorporationonMonday.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了為了響應(yīng)政府的稅法，飲料制造商承諾降低飲料中的糖分，盡量減少飲食中的含糖飲料來(lái)避免肥胖。12.Whydidsoftdrinkmakerspromisetolowersugarintheirdrinks?A.Theywantedtocutdownthecost. B.Theyhelpedpeopletoloseweight.C.Theykeptpeopleawayfromsugarydrinks. D.Theyrespondedtothetaxlawfromgovernments.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“theyhavepromisedthereductionasauthoritiespressforasugartaxsimilartooneintroducedinBritaininApril.(他們承諾在當(dāng)局要求征收類(lèi)似于英國(guó)4月份開(kāi)征的糖稅之際減少含糖飲料的消費(fèi)。)”可知，軟飲料制造商承諾降低飲料中的糖分是為了響應(yīng)政府的稅法。故選D。13.WhatcanwelearnfromGeoffParker?A.Peopleareunwillingtodrinknon-alcoholicdrinks.B.Beverageproducerstakeapositiveattitudetosugarreduction.C.Manysoftdrinkmakersmanagetopreventtheobesity.D.TheAustralianBeveragesCouncilhasencouragedpeopletokeepfit.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Wethinkthisisastepintherightdirection(我們認(rèn)為這是朝著正確方向邁出的一步)”可知，我們能從杰夫?帕克的話得知飲料生產(chǎn)商對(duì)降糖持積極態(tài)度。故選B。14.HowwillsoftdrinkproducersreducesugaraccordingtotheBeveragesCouncil?A.Theywillsetagoalforthesugaruseintheirdrinks.B.Theywilllimitthetotalsugarto10-20percentofdrinks.C.Theywilladjustingredientsandsellmorelow-sugardrinks.D.Theywillproducemorelow-sugarbeverageseveryyear.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Companieswillaimfora10percentreductionintotalsugarper100millilitersintheirdrinksby2020anda20percentreductionby2025,achievedviaacombinationofrecipemodificationandincreasingsalesoflow-sugarbeverages,theBeveragesCouncilsaid.(美國(guó)飲料委員會(huì)表示，各公司將通過(guò)修改配方和增加低糖飲料的銷(xiāo)售，力爭(zhēng)到2020年每100毫升飲料的總含糖量減少10%，到2025年減少20%。)”可知，根據(jù)飲料協(xié)會(huì)，軟飲料生產(chǎn)商將調(diào)整配料，銷(xiāo)售更多的低糖飲料來(lái)降低糖分。故選C。15.WhatshouldpeopledotokeepawayfromobesityaccordingtoWHO?A.Peopleshouldpushgovernmentstotaxsugar.B.Peopleshouldreducefatandsaltintheirfood.C.Peopleshouldtrytoreducesugarydrinksindiet.D.Peopleshouldlosemoreweighttokeephealthy.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saidlastyeardrinkingfewersweetdrinkswasthebestwaytopreventexcessiveweightandpreventchronicdiseasessuchasdiabetes,althoughfatandsaltinprocessedfoodswerealsotoblame.(世界衛(wèi)生組織去年表示，少喝含糖飲料是防止體重超標(biāo)和預(yù)防糖尿病等慢性疾病的最佳方式，盡管加工食品中的脂肪和鹽也是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?”可知，根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的說(shuō)法，人們應(yīng)該盡量減少飲食中的含糖飲料來(lái)避免肥胖。故選C。二、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2021·河南洛陽(yáng)市·高三三模)Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenaglassofregularanddietsoda?1That’swherethetroublestarts.Untilrecently,everythingweatecontainedsomeamountofcalories.Sowhenwedrinkdietsoda,thesweetnesstricksourbodyintothinkingit’srealsugarbutwhenthoseenergy-packedcaloriesdon’tarrive,theinsulininourbrainhasnothingtostore.2It’scalledmetabolicsyndrome,whichisamixofconditionsthatincludesincreasedbloodpressure,highbloodsugarandweightgainwhichcanincreasetheriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.Whiledrinkingdietsodawiththemealmaysoundlikeatastycaloriefreealternativetoplainwater,thismaybetheworsetimetodrinkitbecausethecheatingcaloriesinthedietsodacouldfinallydestroytherealcalorieswemetabolize.3Anotherproblemcouldbethefactthatartificialsweetenersindietsodacanbe10sto100softimessweeterthansugar.4It’slikewhenyougotoapartyexpectingloadsoffoodandyouendupwithahandfulofvegetables.You’releftunsatisfiedandhungry.Inthesameway,artificialsweetenerscanleaveourbrainswantingmore,whichleadstoincreasedappetiteandpotentialweightgain.5maybejuststicktowater.A.Turnsout,neithercanyourbody.B.No,thiswasdietsodaanditwasawesome.C.Whenyougotoapartyexpectingloadsoffood.D.Thatdrinkingdietsodaisassociatedwithadisease.E.Soifyou’redrinkingdietsodatodropafewpounds,F.Anditpotentiallyleavesextracaloriesbehindwethenstoreasfat.G.Sowhenwetasteit,ourbrainsexpectmorecaloriesthanwhatwegiveit.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了飲用無(wú)糖汽水可能導(dǎo)致疾病和體重增加。1.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)上文“Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenaglassofregularanddietsoda?(你能說(shuō)出一杯普通汽水和無(wú)糖汽水的區(qū)別嗎？)”以及后文“That’swherethetroublestarts.(這就是麻煩的開(kāi)始)”可知，上文提出了關(guān)于一杯普通汽水和無(wú)糖汽水的區(qū)別的問(wèn)題，后文則說(shuō)這是麻煩的開(kāi)始，可知本句關(guān)于上文提出問(wèn)題的回答是不能區(qū)分，故A選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)證明，你的身體也不能”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。2.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)后文“It’scalledmetabolicsyndrome,whichisamixofconditionsthatincludesincreasedbloodpressure,highbloodsugarandweightgainwhichcanincreasetheriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.(這被稱為代謝綜合征，包括血壓升高、高血糖和體重增加，這些都會(huì)增加患糖尿病、心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可知后文提到了代謝綜合征的一些癥狀和導(dǎo)致的疾病，可推測(cè)飲用無(wú)糖汽水可能導(dǎo)致疾病。故D選項(xiàng)“飲用無(wú)糖汽水可能導(dǎo)致疾病”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。3.【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)上文“Whiledrinkingdietsodawiththemealmaysoundlikeatastycaloriefreealternativetoplainwater,thismaybetheworsetimetodrinkitbecausethecheatingcaloriesinthedietsodacouldfinallydestroytherealcalorieswemetabolize.(雖然餐時(shí)喝無(wú)糖汽水聽(tīng)起來(lái)像白水的美味無(wú)卡路里替代品，但現(xiàn)在可能是喝無(wú)糖汽水的最差時(shí)機(jī)，因?yàn)闊o(wú)糖汽水中的“欺騙”卡路里最終可能會(huì)破壞我們代謝的真正卡路里)”可知，上文提到無(wú)糖汽水中的“欺騙”卡路里最終可能會(huì)破壞我們代謝的真正卡路里，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)說(shuō)明這種“欺騙”卡路里破壞代謝真正卡路里對(duì)身體的影響。故F選項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)留下額外的熱量，然后儲(chǔ)存為脂肪”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。4.【答案】G【解析】根據(jù)上文“Anotherproblemcouldbethefactthatartificialsweetenersindietsodacanbe10sto100softimessweeterthansugar.(另一個(gè)問(wèn)題可能是，無(wú)糖汽水中的人造甜味劑比糖甜10到100倍)”以及后文“It’slikewhenyougotoapartyexpectingloadsoffoodandyouendupwithahandfulofvegetables.You’releftunsatisfiedandhungry.(這就像你去參加一個(gè)派對(duì)，期望有很多食物，結(jié)果你只拿了一把蔬菜。你只會(huì)感到不滿足和饑餓)”可知，后文用去參加派對(duì)期望有很多食物，結(jié)果你只拿了一把蔬菜作為比喻，可見(jiàn)品嘗無(wú)糖汽水時(shí)，我們的大腦期望得到比我們提供的更多的卡路里。G選項(xiàng)中it指代上文中dietsoda。故G選項(xiàng)“所以當(dāng)我們品嘗它的時(shí)候，我們的大腦期望得到比我們提供的更多的卡路里”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。5.【答案】E【解析】根據(jù)上文“Inthesameway,artificialsweetenerscanleaveourbrainswantingmore,whichleadstoincreasedappetiteandpotentialweightgain.(同樣地，人造甜味劑會(huì)讓我們的大腦想要更多，從而導(dǎo)致食欲增加和潛在的體重增加)”和下文“maybejuststicktowater.(或許還是堅(jiān)持喝水吧)”可知，上文提到人造甜味劑會(huì)導(dǎo)致食欲增加和潛在的體重增加，故本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，說(shuō)明無(wú)糖汽水不利于減肥。故E選項(xiàng)“所以如果你喝無(wú)糖汽水是為了減肥”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(改編自2021·揚(yáng)州市新華中學(xué)高三)GrowingupinAmerica,Ienjoyedthe1ofeatingthemostattractive,2foodsofthe20thcentury,includingallthecandiesweoftenseenearthecashregister.DuringthosetimesIwasn’tawarehowbadsugarwas,andinfact,3wasanyonearoundme.SoIcontinuedtospreadjamonmytoastandeaticecreamdaily.Strangelyenough,Ifeltthatsweetwassomesortofwonderfuldrug:itgavemetheenergyto4properly,tofeelgoodandtoperformatmybest,allofwhichseemednecessaryforgrowth.Sowhyavoidit?Yearslater,hugefoodcompanies,likeGeneralMillsandPost,began5moresugarintotheirproducts,andthenmoreandmorepeopleappearedwithbiggerbellies.Itfinallycametomy6thatoursocietywasbecomingmoremiserableand7Andfromwhat?Fromsugar!Ibegantodosomeresearchintosugarandwhatitdidexactlytoourbodies.Tomyamazement,Ifounditsdamagewasjustasbadas,ifnotworsethan,whatalcoholandcigarettes8.Yousee,whenyoutakeinmoresugarthanyouneedorburn,yourbodyandbrainbecomeover-active.This,9,causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,yourskinto10faster,yourbloodtobecome11andliverandkidneystobe12.Butwhatsurprisedmemost,outofallofthesehorriblesideeffects,wasthatsugaraddsextrapoundstoyourwaistline,13youdoexerciseregularly.AndwhatI’vealwayswanted,forthepastfewyears,isto14thatextrafataroundmy“l(fā)ovehandles”sothatIcouldfinallyseemyabs(腹肌).Ijustdidn’tknow,thiswholetime,what15Ihadbeendoingtomyselfandmydreams,butIknewIhadtodosomething.SomethingIhadneverdonebefore.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者過(guò)去常常攝入很多糖，但越來(lái)越多的人因?yàn)槌院堑氖澄锒兊貌唤】?，這讓作者了解了糖對(duì)健康的有害影響，決定要少吃糖。1.A.conversation B.convenience C.concentration D.content【答案】B【解析】A.conversation交談；B.convenience方便；C.concentrationn.集中，專心/注，關(guān)注，重視；D.content內(nèi)容。根據(jù)“includingallthecandiesweoftenseenearthecashregister.”得知吃糖果是非常方便的事。故選B。2.A.well-paid B.well-known C.well-packaged D.well-done【答案】C【解析】A.well-paid報(bào)酬優(yōu)厚的；B.well-known眾所周知的；C.well-packaged包裝完好的；D.well-done做得好的。糖果應(yīng)該是包裝精美的。故選C。3.A.neither B.either C.all D.both【答案】A【解析】A.neither兩者都不；B.either或；C.all一切；D.both兩者都。根據(jù)“DuringthosetimesIwasn’tawarehowbadsugarwas,”接著說(shuō)事實(shí)上，我身邊的人也都不知道。故選A。4.A.play B.function C.recover D.gain【答案】B【解析】A.play玩；B.function起作用；C.recover恢復(fù)(健康)；D.gain增加，獲得，贏得。根據(jù)“itgavemetheenergy”得知吃糖果會(huì)給我身體正常運(yùn)行的力量。故選B。5.A.pumping B.squeezing C.containing D.extending【答案】A【解析】A.pumping灌輸；B.squeezing擠壓；C.containing包含，容納；D.extending延伸。根據(jù)“andthenmoreandmorepeopleappearedwithbiggerbellies.”可知，大的食品公司往產(chǎn)品里輸入(pumping)更多的糖，使得人們的肚子越來(lái)越大。故選A。6.A.view B.expectation C.awareness D.belief【答案】C【解析】A.view觀點(diǎn)；B.expectation期望；C.awareness意識(shí)；D.belief信念。cometoone’sawareness意識(shí)到。這里指作者意識(shí)到社會(huì)問(wèn)題的由來(lái)。故選C。7.A.unfit B.unsafe C.unbelievable D.unattractive【答案】A【解析】A.unfit不健康的；B.unsafe不安全的；C.unbelievable不相信的；D.unattractive無(wú)吸引力的。根據(jù)下文“Fromsugar!”可知，吃糖讓我們的社會(huì)變得可悲和不健康(unfit)。故選A。8.A.broughtup B.broughtout C.broughtabout D.broughtin【答案】C【解析】A.broughtup提出；B.broughtout使明顯；C.broughtabout帶來(lái)；D.broughtin引入。根據(jù)“Ifounditsdamagewasjustasbadas,ifnotworsethan,”可知，糖多帶來(lái)的危害和煙酒是一樣的。故選C。9.A.inuse B.insurprise C.atrisk D.ineffect【答案】D【解析】A.inuse使用中；B.insurprise驚奇地；C.atrisk有危險(xiǎn)，有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；D.ineffect實(shí)際上(通常用于句中)。根據(jù)“Yousee,whenyoutakeinmoresugarthanyouneedorburn,yourbodyandbrainbecomeover-active.”可知，當(dāng)你的身體攝入的糖分多于你需要或者燃燒的量的時(shí)侯，你的大腦就會(huì)變得過(guò)度活躍，實(shí)際上會(huì)導(dǎo)致你認(rèn)知能力的減慢。故選D。10.A.age B.brighten C.darken D.shorten【答案】A【解析】A.age變老；B.brighten使變亮；C.darken變暗；D.shorten變短。根據(jù)“causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,”可知，這里指吃糖所帶來(lái)的危害，會(huì)使你的皮膚會(huì)加速老化(age)，血液會(huì)變得濃稠(thicker)，腎臟和肝臟會(huì)疲憊不堪(wornout)。故選A。11.A.quieter B.faster C.lighter D.thicker【答案】D【解析】A.quieter更安靜的；B.faster更快的；C.lighter更輕的；D.thicker更厚的。根據(jù)“causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,”可知，這里指吃糖所帶來(lái)的危害，會(huì)使你的皮膚會(huì)加速老化(age)，血液會(huì)變得濃稠(thicker)，腎臟和肝臟會(huì)疲憊不堪(wornout)。故選D。12.A.wornout B.pickedout C.workedout D.heldout【答案】A【解析】A.wornout筋疲力盡；B.pickedout辨認(rèn)出；C.workedout鍛煉；D.heldout堅(jiān)持。根據(jù)“causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,”可知，這里指吃糖所帶來(lái)的危害，會(huì)使你的皮膚會(huì)加速老化(age)，血液會(huì)變得濃稠(thicker)，腎臟和肝臟會(huì)疲憊不堪(wornout)。故選A。13.A.therefore B.otherwise C.evenif D.asif【答案】C【解析】A.therefore因此；B.otherwise否則；C.evenif即使；D.asif好像。根據(jù)“Butwhatsurprisedmemost,outofallofthesehorriblesideeffects,wasthatsugaraddsextrapoundstoyourwaistline,”可知，即使你有規(guī)律地運(yùn)動(dòng)，糖也會(huì)增加你的體重，增加腰圍。故選C。14.A.destroy B.remove C.affect D.forget【答案】B【解析】A.destroy摧毀；B.remove消除；C.affect影響；D.forget忘記。根據(jù)“sothatIcouldfinallyseemyabs(腹肌).”可知，作者的目標(biāo)是把腰間的贅肉消除了(remove)，以便于最終能看到自己的腹肌。故選B。15.A.benefit B.effect C.damage D.injury【答案】C【解析】A.benefit利益；B.effect影響；C.damage損害；D.injury受傷。根據(jù)“butIknewIhadtodosomething.SomethingIhadneverdonebefore.”可知，因?yàn)槌蕴墙o作者自己和他的夢(mèng)想帶來(lái)怎樣的傷害。dodamageto的變形，故選C。四、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(改編自2021·河北高三)Manypeoplethinkthatfat-freecookiesareahealthieroptionthanaregularcookie,andthat1(choose)asaladisamuchbetterchoicethanacheeseburger.Butasamatteroffact,therearealotoffoodsconsideredas“healthy”2arepackedwithhiddencaloriesandsugar.Maybeyouaretryingyourbesttopursuehealthiersnacks,butmanychoicesstilldo3toyourhealth.Ideally,snackchoicesshouldbebased4thesameprinciplesasmealchoices.Afterall,snacksmakeupanimportantpartofpeople’sdailyfoodintake.Inaddition,everypersonisunique.Thereisn’tarecommendedamountforsnacking.Itdependsonaperson’sactivitylevel,bodysize,medicalsituation,scheduleandpersonal5(prefer).Somepeople6(rare)snackatall,whileothersgaina7(significance)partoftheirdailyfoodintakefromsnacksthroughouttheday.Keepingtrackofsnackinghabitscanbebeneficial,especiallyifyouincludenotesthatmentionhoweachsnack8(contribute)toyourpersonalgoals.Forexample,ifeating9afternoonsnackhelpsyouavoidovereatingatdinnertime,thenitmaybeawisechoice10(make).【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了如何選擇健康零食的相關(guān)知識(shí)。1.【答案】choosing/tochoose【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析可知，設(shè)空處為句子主語(yǔ)，可以使用動(dòng)名詞或者不定式。故填choosing/tochoose。句意：很多人認(rèn)為零脂肪的曲奇比起普通曲奇來(lái)是一個(gè)更健康的選擇，而選擇沙拉是比奶酪漢堡更好的選擇。2.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞foods在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that。故填which/that。句意：事實(shí)上很多被認(rèn)為是健康的食品里面充滿了隱藏的熱量和糖。3.【答案】damage/harm【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞。dodamage/harmto對(duì)……有害。句意：或許你正在努力追求更健康的零食，但很多選擇對(duì)你的健康依然有害。4.【答案】on【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞。bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)。故填on。句意：理想情況下，零食的選擇應(yīng)基于和餐食選擇相同的準(zhǔn)則。5.【答案】preference(s)【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞)。前面有形容詞personal，故要用名詞preference(s)。句意：它取決于一個(gè)人的活動(dòng)水平，身體大小，醫(yī)療狀況，時(shí)間表和個(gè)人喜好。6.【答案】rarely【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(副詞)。句意：