必修第三冊

Unit6

Disasterandhope

?主題語統(tǒng)：人與自然（自然災害及其防范、安全常識與自我保護）

自主學習夯實基礎

Part1單元詞匯分類自測

5.housesburiedbyalandslide

被滑坡掩埋的房屋

閱讀Lahelicopterpilot一名直升機駕

6.aweathersatellite氣象人

詞匯駛員

造衛(wèi)星

2.aplastictube塑料管子

7.naturaldisasters自然災

語境3.cost￡10,000plus耗資萬余英鎊

建

識意4.thesoutherncounties南部各郡

8.victimsofthehurricane

颶風的受害者

第一組：動詞變形

6.disastern.災難，災禍

1.occurv.發(fā)生-*（過去式/過去分詞）

fdisastrousadj.災難性的

occurredf（動詞-ing形式）

7.sufficienladj.足夠的，充足的

occuuring-occurrencen.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；

->sufficiently〃而充分地，足夠

存在

地fsufficiency〃.足量，充足

2.cruptv.（火山）爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)feruption

拓展8.immediate?.立刻的；立即的

n.爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)

詞匯-immediatelyadv.即刻，馬上

3.relyv.信賴，可靠freliable可信賴

9.exception〃.例外；除外

的，可靠的-*reliably〃面.可靠地

變形fexceptional〃力.特別的;杰出

reliabilityn.可靠性

拼寫的fexceplionaHyadv.極其，非

4.announcev.宣布；聲稱；播報

常

announcementn.通告，公告

10.emergencyn.緊急情況，不

announcern.廣播員；播音員

測事件femergentadj.緊急的

第二組：名詞和形容詞變形

11.precise〃切.精確的，準確的

5t.hreatn.威脅；構成威脅的人（或事

fprecisely〃加.精確地,準確地

物）—threatenu,威脅到，危及

-*threatened,必.受到威脅的

?掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展?

名詞后綴?y/?iy表示性質、狀態(tài)、動作或結果。

①injure傷害finjury傷，損害?discover發(fā)現(xiàn)一discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)③deliver

遞送fdelivery襟送④recover恢復frecovery恢復；痊愈?honest誠實的

-*honesty誠實⑥difficult困難的fdifficulty困難?modest謙虛的fmodesty

謙虛⑧safe安全的fsafety安全

1.(2024?浙江1月卷)Butitcan7.Thescientistisstudyingtheeffectsof

certainlykeepmeentertainedclimatechangeoccurring(occur)inour

whileIwaitformywifetoenvironment.

rescue(rescue)me.學生用書第140頁

2.(2024?全國甲卷)That'swhy8.Thecarcrashclaimed(claim)threelives.

mostpetcatsareabletotell9.Manyemergent(emergency)

immediately(immediate)iftheirtechnologiesarechanginghowwe

ownerswerearoundanyothercommunicatewitheachothereveryday.

核心

cats,whichtheydon'tusually10.1sawachildgrabbing(grab)candy

詞匯

like.fromthestorewhennoonewaswatching

3.(2021?全國乙卷)Thecollapsehim.

單句

wasdisastrous(disaster),11.Thecatclimbedupthetreeandneeded

應用

requiringtheemergencymedicalhelptoberescued(rescue)byitsowner.

teamandgoodteamwork.12.Maryannouncedtoherteammatesthat

4.Asweallknow,pollutionisshewastomarryaChineseboy.The

threatening(threat)marinelife.announcementoftheirmarriagewill

5.Nobodyknowspreciselyappearinthelocalnewspapernext

(precise)howmanypeopleareweek.(announce)

stilllivinginthecamp.!3.Johnisveryreliable-ifhepromisesto

6.Wewillwanderintraditionaldosomething,hewilldoit,soyoucanrely

smalltownsandendourtouronhimtohelpyouwhenyouarein

withanexceptional(exception)trouble.(rely)

museuminShanghai.

Part2短語句式教材精選

【.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空

turninto,afterall,haveyetto,lookoutfor,allofasudden,consistof,sort

of,makeit,headfbr,compare...to/with,sufferfrom,intheopenair,lookthrough,

reflectoff,leaveout,upanddown

1.Ihaveyettofinishmyhomework,soIwillstayuplatetonight.

2.Itiswheredeadleavestuniintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.

3.Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlack

ofpropertreatment.

4.He'snottoblame.AfteralLitisIhefirsttimehe'sdoneit.

5.Yourtaskoftheactivityconsislsenjoyingthemovie,havingaheated

discussionafterwardsandgivingyourowncomments.

6.AHofasuddentherewasaterrificbangandaflashofsmoke.

7.Afterwehadadiscussion,wedecidedtoheadforthenearestshelter.

8.Ineedsomemoney.rmgoingtolookthioughthenewspaperforaholidayjob.

9.WeenjoyedalovelypicnicintheopenairattheparklastSunday.

10.Whenyou'rewalkinginthecityalnight,youshouldalwayslookout「or

pickpockets.

H.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子

1.我們的排練是緊張的，充滿了笑聲，有時還有挫折。(動詞-ed形式短語作

狀語)

Ourrehearsalswereintense,filledwithlaughter,andsometimesfrustration.

2.這本書是用淺顯的英語寫的，適合初學者。(動詞-ed形式短語作定語)

ThisbookwrilteninsimpleEnglishissuitableforbeginners.

3.(2023?浙江1月卷)我一抱起她,她就停止了掙扎。(theinstant)

SheceasedherstruggletheinstantIpickedherup.

ItwasthebraveyoungmanthatrescuedIhepooroldmanfromtheburning

house.

③Ittookrescuers(rescue)90minutestoreachthetrappedmen.

④［中國元素］在共同努力下，組織和個人聯(lián)合拯救和修復中國瀕危文化遺產(chǎn),

供子孫后代欣賞和保存。

Withjointefforts,organizationsandindividualshavejoinedforcestorescueand

restoreendangeredChineseculturalheritagesitesforfuturegenerationstoappreciate

andcherish.

Bcompare…to…表明...與相似；將比作

巧歸納

(l)compare...with...

把……和……相比較

(2)comparedto/with...

和……相比(通常作狀語)

(3)beyond/withoutcompare

無與倫比；舉世無雙

(4)comparisonn.比較

by/incomparisonwith...

與……相比

makeacomparisonwith...

@Itisdifficulttomakeacomparison(compare)withherpreviousbook-they

arecompletelydifferent.

②Myfinalexamwasabreezecompared(compare)withthedifficultyI'dgone

throughtogettoit.

③［讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華句］與一輛新自行車用比，老師的鼓勵似乎更有效地

幫助男孩克服了恐懼。

Comparedtoanewbike,encouragementfromateacherseemedmoreeffectiveto

helptheboyconquerfear.

④(2023?新課標II卷)Kidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestothe

animalsofYellowstone.

Part2經(jīng)典句式寫作迂移

■句型公式：themoment等名詞短語用作從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句

巧歸納

有些名詞短語/副詞可用作從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句：

①theinstant/moment/second/minute,相當于assoonas（一...就）

@every/each/next/lasttime每次/下次/上次；thefirst/second...time第一/二...

次

@instantly/immediately/directly就

①Immediately（immediate）hearrived,hestartedtellinguswhattodo.

②（2022?浙江1月卷）每次離開實驗室前，他都會非常小心地檢查數(shù)據(jù)，他的

臉色異常蒼白和憔悴。

Everytimehecheckedth。datawithgreatcautionbeforeleavingthelab,hisface

wassurprisinglypaleanddrawn.

③我的目光落在她身上的那一刻，一股感激之情涌上心頭。

Themomentmyeyesfellonhec,awaveofappreciationsurgedthroughme.

④（2024.新課標卷讀后續(xù)寫）我一下飛機，就像瘋了一樣穿過機場大樓，毫不

猶豫地跳上了第一輛出租車。

ThemomentIgotoff>hcplane,Iranlikecrazythroughtheairportbuildingand

jumpedintothefirsttaxiontherankwithoutasecondthought.

學生用書第142頁

Part3語境辨義舉一反三

【.熟詞生義（寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思）

1.（2024?浙江1月卷）Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicalto

makesmallicccrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.

威脅性的

2.（2024?新課標I卷）Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsare

partlyrelatedtopaper'sphysicalproperties.〃.特性

3.Shewaspassedbyseveralrunnersinthelastlap.”.（跑道的）一圈

4.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoung

men.ado.在其他方面

5.Hewasveryold,andhisheadwastoppedwithacloudoffine,snow-white

hair.。.上面覆蓋著

6.Nottrustinghisvoice,hecuppedherfacebetweenhishandsanddrewitto

him.。.使(雙手)成圓狀托起

7.Theycouldn'ttouchhim.Hewasamasterpiece0.比得上

8.Imoonedmywaythroughgradeandhighschool.。.虛度(時間)

H.一詞多義(選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義)

1.shelter

A.幾居所，住處B.a使免交稅

C.。.躲避D.。.保護，掩蔽

①(2024.浙?江1月卷)1meantomakeanactualphonecall——nottoshelterfrom

therain.C

②Humanbeingsneedfood,clothingandshelter.A

③Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.D

2.p加s

A.pwp.加B.M/.零度以上的，零上的

C.a4?.額外的D.好處，優(yōu)勢

①Thecostis$205,plus$3forshipping.A

②Oneofthehotel'splusesisthatitisverycentral.D

@Thetemperatureisplusfourdegrees.B

隨堂鞏固深度拓展

I.語篇語境綜合線（語境創(chuàng)新一詞匯再練）

Itwasadisastrousnightwhentheearthquake1.occurred(occur).Maryheardan

announcementontheradio,sayingthateveryoneshouldleavetheirhomes

2.immediately(immediate).Shegrabbedheremergencykitandranout.

Thesituationwaschaotic.Manypeoplewereinjuredandneeded3.rescuing/tobe

rescued(rescue).Thelackofa4.reliable(rely)communicationsystemmadethings

worse.The5.emergency(emergent)servicesweredoing【heirbest,bulthedamage

wasexlensive.Therewas6.athreatoffurtheraftershocks,andnoonefeltsafe.

Despitethe7.disastrous(disaster)event,Marysawhopeinthecommunity's

response.Volunteersandneighborshelpedeachotherwithoutexception.Thefoodand

watersupplieswerenot8.sufficient(sufficiency),buttheymanagedtosharewhatlittle

theyhad.

Dayslater,the9.announcement(announce)ofinternationalaidbroughtrelief.The

rescuersarrivedIQ.precisely(precise)whenneeded.Peoplestartedtorebuildtheirlives,

showingthateveninthedarkesttimes,hopecanshinebrightly.

n.真題難句拓展練(剖析長句——精準翻譯)

1.(2024?新課標H卷)Campbell'spointistowakeupthoseresponsiblefor

AI—thetechnologycompanies

學生用書第143頁

andworldleaders-sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrently

developingit.

［剖析］本句是so連接的并列復合句。前面分句主干是主系表結構

Campbell'spointistowake叩…,破折號中間內容用于解釋說明those；so后面分

句也是主系表結構theyareonthesamepage,currentlydevelopingit作定語修飾名

詞expertso

［翻譯］坎貝爾的觀點是要喚醒那些負責人工智能的人——科技公司和世界

領導人一所以他們與目前開發(fā)人工智能的所有專家意見一致。

2.(2023?新課標II卷)Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreven

throwaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks-transforming

covers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

［剖析］本句是一個主從復合句。句子的主干為主謂賓狀結構artistshave

usedihemastherawmaterial...；破折號后transforming…為動詞-ing形式短語，起

到解釋說明前文內容的作用；as引導原因狀語從句。

［翻譯］最近，由于書籍變得便宜，甚至是一次性的，藝術家們把它們作為

藝術品的原材料——把封面、5頁甚至整卷竹變成繪畫和雕塑。

3.(2022?新高考I卷)Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,and

otherresourcesusedtogrowit.

［剖析］本句是一個復合句。句子主干為主謂賓結構Producingfoodwastes

thewater,fuel,andotherresources,其中主語是動詞-ing形式短語Producingfood。

that引導定語從句，修飾food；usedtogrowit是動詞-ed形式短語，作定語修飾

resourceso此處usedto意為“被用來……”，并不是固定短語“過去常?！钡挠?/p>

法。

［翻譯］生產(chǎn)沒人吃的食物會浪費水、燃料和其他用來培植這種食物所用的

資源。

情境遷移

I.應用文寫作增分練——自然災害（介紹如何應對洪災）

結合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應用文寫作并背誦。

［基礎語料1

單元disaster,immediately,occur,announcement,claim*precisely,otherwise,

詞匯haveyetto,reliable,threat,nowhere

經(jīng)典

but轉折并列句；省略引導詞的賓語從句

句型

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

你校上周開展了一次有關自然災害的研學活動?；顒舆^后，同學們對保護大

自然有了更深的認識。請你以“Astudyactivitytrip”為題寫一篇短文向英文報Teen

Times投稿。

［思路點撥］

人稱以第一人稱為主

時態(tài)以一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時為主

內容要第一段引出主題（去研學）一第二段介紹過程一結尾表達感想和

點線索意義

［寫作輸出］

Astudyactivitytrip

Atourschool,werecentlywentonastudytripfocusingonnatural

disasters.(1)Theannouncementofthetripwasmetwithimmediateinterestfrom

sludenls,eagerlolearnhowtofacesuchthreats（這次旅行的宣布立即引起了學生們

的興趣，他們渴望學習如何面對這種威脅；announcement,threat）.

Throughthisexperience,wegainedadeeperunderstandingoftheimportanceof

protectingnature.(2)Welearned(that)disastersdon'toccuroutofnowhere(我彳門認識

到災難不會無緣無故地發(fā)生；occur,nowhere,disaster);theyareoftentheresultof

environmentalimbalances.(3)Wehaveyettofindcompletelyreliablewaysropredict

disasters,butwecanhelploreducetheirimpact(我們還沒有找到完全可靠的方法來

預測災害，但我們可以幫助減少它們的影響；haveyetto；reliable；轉折并列句).

Thetriptaughtusthateveryactioncounts.Ilwasareminderthat(4)wemusttake

immediatestepstoprotectourplanet,otherwisewewouldriskfacingmoredisastrous

consequences(我們必須立即采取措施保護我們的地球,否則我們將面臨更多災難

性后果的風險：otherwise).

學生用書第144頁

［變式表達］

用被動句和therebe句型改寫句(4)。

Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoprotectourplanet,orelsetherewouldbe

moredisastrousconsequences.

H.讀后續(xù)寫微點練——大雪天救助小狗(悲傷難過)

［基礎語料］

sad悲傷的

sorrowful悲傷的

tearful含淚的

heartbroken心碎的

詞匯disheartened沮喪的

depressed沮喪的

downinIhedumps情緒低落

feelingblue感到憂郁

onthevergeoftears淚眼汪汪

句式hugging和rocking動詞-ing形式作狀語；獨立主格結構；with復合結構；

as引導狀語從句

l.Shewassobbinguncontrollably,herheartachingwithgrief.

她無法控制地抽泣著，心中充滿了悲傷。

2.Thenewsoftheaccidentlefteveryoneinastateofshockanddespair.

事故的消息讓每個人都陷入了震驚和絕望。

3.Theroomwasfilledwithaheavysilence>reflectingthesadnessofthe

moment.

細節(jié)

房間里充滿了沉重的寂靜，反映了那一刻的悲傷。

描寫

4.Hervoicetrembledasshespokeoftheloss,hereyesbrimmingwith

tears.

她說起損失時聲音顫抖，眼里充滿了淚水。

5.Thesoundoftherainmatchedtherhythmofhertearsasshegrievedfor

thepast.

當她為過去悲傷時，雨聲和她眼淚的節(jié)奏相吻合。

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

（2025?江南十校聯(lián)考?讀后續(xù)寫）

一只被遺棄的小狗在Lacey家附近徘徊fDoris在清掃門前臺階上的大雪時

發(fā)現(xiàn)了這只小狗“Doris把小狗帶回了家，父母并不知情?小狗在地下室安頓下來,

Doris喂它吃剩飯一小狗表現(xiàn)得很好，不吵不鬧，并且似乎渴望陪伴一盡管Doris

努力說服父母，但他們對于是否可以養(yǎng)這只狗沒有給出明確的答復一Doris內心希

望惡劣天氣持續(xù)，這樣小狗就不會被送到收容所一小狗到來的九天后，天氣放晴

了一……

［思路點撥1

文體：記敘文人稱：第三人稱時態(tài)：一般過去時為主

續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子Dorisknewitwastimetosaygoodbyetothe

dogandfeltratherworried.知，接下來故事可能會繼續(xù)描述Doris

與父母進行最后的溝通，看是否有可能改變他們的決定?；蛘咛接?/p>

Doris的內心掙扎，她對小狗的感情以及她對小狗未來的擔憂。

［寫作輸出］

Dorisknewitwastimetosaygoodbyetothedogandfeltratherworried.（1）She

wassittingaloneinihelivingroom,huggingapillowandrockingbackandforthon

theedgeofachair（她一個人坐在客廳里,抱著枕頭，在椅了?邊上來回搖晃；hugging

和rocking動詞-ing形式作狀語）.Shewastryingnottocrybutshewasnotstrong

enough.（2）Herfacewaswetandred,hereyesfullofsadness（她的臉又濕又紅，眼睛

里.充滿了悲傷；獨立主格結構）.（3）JustasDoriswasatherlowest,herparents

appearedfromthedoorway（正當Doris處于最低谷時，她的父母從門口出現(xiàn)了；as

引導狀語從句）.（4）WithasmileonMrs.Lacey'sface,shesaid（Mrs.Lacev臉上帶著

微笑,她說；with復合結構）,“Honey,PapaandIhaveagreedtokeepthepuppyas

apartofourfamily.n

［變式表達］

用“xitiing動詞-ing形式作狀語”結構改寫句（1”

Sittingaloneinthelivingroom,shehuggedapillowandrockedbackandforthon

theedgeofachair.

對應學生

單元測評18Unit6Disasterandhope用書P393

（時間：30分鐘滿分：45分）

（本欄目內容在學生用書中以活頁形式分冊裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個小題，每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2025?浙江1月卷）

OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm（雹暴）inCanadianhistoryhit

Calgary'ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanies

havespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbcrlaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanes

seedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrain

beforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-central

Alberta-downwindofthehailprojectflights-worrythatpreciousmoisture（水分）is

beingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.

NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetings

onthisissueforyears.uBasically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurance

companiesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,"Mr.Stienwandsays,

“butthey'reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”

TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwho

worksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota."Weaffectonlyavery

smallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecausingdrought,”

Dr.Krausssays.4tInfact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindby

creatingwetterground.”

OnedoubleraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearch

scientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma."In1999,1personallysaw

significanttornadoes（龍卷風）formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,"Dr.Doswell

*ay*.”Doe*cloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noone

reallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.,,

Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,<citwouldbewisetostop

cloudseeding.^^Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackof

scientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuit

againstcloud-sccdingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedin

relativelegalsafety.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了加拿大艾伯塔省實施防

雹項目，對于該項目人們態(tài)度不一。

1.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?

A.Conservemoistureinthesoil.

B.Preventtheformationofhailstones.

C.Forecastdiscislivushailslonns.

D.Investigatechemicaluseinfanning.

答案：B

解析:細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第一段中“Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurance

companies...beforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.”可知，這個項目的目標

是防止冰雹的形成。故選B項。

2.Whoareopposedtotheproject?

A.Farmersineast-centralAlberta.

B.Managersofinsurancecompanies.

C.Provincialgovernmentofficials.

D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton.

答案：A

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butfarmersineast-central

Alberta-downwindofthehailprojectflights-worrythatpreciousmoisture（水分）is

beingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.n可知，艾伯塔省中東部的

農民反對這個項目。故選A項。

3.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?

A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.

B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbighailstorms.

C.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloudseeding.

D.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.

答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內容可推知，DosweD博士提到他在1999

年看到的龍卷風是為了提示播云可能帶來的危險。故選C項。

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.

B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.

C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.

D.Cloud-seedingcompanieswillcontinuetoexist.

答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Duetothelackofscientificproof

concerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainst

cloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelative

legalsafety."可推知，播云公司將繼續(xù)存在。故選D項。

B

(2025?天域全國名校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)

“THEANTANDTHEZEBRA”soundslikethetitleofanAesop'sfable.Like

allgoodfables,thisonehasamoral,whichisthattinkeringwithnaturehas

unpredictableconscqucnccs.UnlikctheGreekoriginals,though,thisfableisreal.

ThestoryplaysoutinLaikipiaCounty,Kenya.Thecharactersincludebig-headed

ants,aninvasivespecies,thenativeacaciaants,theseinvasiveantshavegradually

beenreplacing,thewhistling-thorntreeswherebothsortsofantslive,acastof

elephants,lions,zebrasandbuffalo,andDouglasKamaru,aKenyanbiologistinthe

UniversityofWyoming.AsMr.KamarureportsthisweekinScience,theantinvasion

hassetoffacomplicatedchainofconsequenceswhichhashelpedzebrasatthe

expenseofbuffalo-thusillustratingaphenomenoncalled“trophiccascade”.

Itworkslikethis.Whistling-thornshaveco-evolvedwiththelocalants.Thetrees

providetheantswithshelterandfood,intheformoflarge,hollowthornsintowhich

theyproducenutritiousnectar(蜜汁).Theants,meanwhile,protectthetreesbyseeing

offthechiefthreattothem,thelocalelephants,whicharenotkeentofeedontrees

crawlingwithbitinginsects.

Acaciaants'habitatisthicklycarpetedwithwhistling-thorns.Big-hcadcdants,

however,arenotgoodatkeepingtheelephantsatbay.Theelephantsmoveinandbite

thetrees,removingmuchofthearea'scover.Thatupsetsthelocallions,whichoften

usethiscovertohidewhenhuntingzebra.Tocompensate,thelionsswitchtohunting

buffalo,whicharemoredangerous,butlessfleetoffoot.

Mr.Kamaruhaspulnumberstotheprocess,too.Ininvadedareas,elephantsbreak

treesfivetosevenlimesasoftenasinuninvadedones.Andinthoseuninvadedplaces,

zebrakillsarcalmoblllucclimesasfruqucnlasin11IUinvadedones.Indued,bulwueu

2003and2()2(),asthebig-headedantshavespread,thepercentageoflocallionkills

wherethevictimwasazebrafellfrom67%to42%.Overthesameperiod,the

percentageofkillsthatv/erebuffalorosefromzeroto42%.Whetherthebuffaloblame

theantsfortheirmisfortune,nooneknows.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了因外來螞蟻入侵而引發(fā)

的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一系列連鎖反應。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tinkeringwith“probablymeaninthefirst

paragraph?

A.Makingchangesto.B.Payingattentionto.

C.Findingfaultwith.D.Showingrespectfor.

答案：A

解析：詞義猜測題《根據(jù)畫線短語下文“UnliketheGreekoriginals,though,this

fableisreal.”可知，這個寓言是真實的。且根據(jù)第二段中的"iheantinvasionhasset

offacomplicatedchainofconsequences”可知，外來螞蟻入侵引發(fā)了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一

系列連鎖反應，外來螞蟻入侵改變了大自然原有的運行模式。由此可推知，

tinkeringwith表示“修改，修理”,與A項意思相近。故選A。

6.The4ttrophiccascade"inthepassagehappenedwhen.

A.animalhabitatinaspecificareawaspreserved

B.aninvasivespeciessufferedalackoffoodsupply

C.certainplantswereaffectedbyhumanactivities

D.aparticularspeciesinthefoodchainwasreplaced

答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)笫二段最后一句、第三段最后一句和第四段中的

“Theelephantsmoveinandbitethetrees,removingmuchofthearea'scover.That

upsetsthelocallions,..."可知，“營養(yǎng)級聯(lián)”的現(xiàn)象指的是外來螞蟻（大頭蟻）

入侵取代當?shù)匚浵仯ń鸷蠚g蟻），從而引發(fā)植被被大象啃食，進一步導致獅子捕獵

時失去植被作為掩護等情形。由此可推知，食物鏈中的某個特定物種被外來物種

取代時，會觸發(fā)連鎖反應，引起“營養(yǎng)級聯(lián)”的現(xiàn)象。故選D。

7.WhydidthelionschangeLheirtargetsufallaukwhenhunting?

A.Becauseitbecomeslessriskytohuntthebuffalo.

B.Becausegreatervisibilitymakesithardtohuntzebra.

C.Becausetheyarenotgoodatkeepingtheelephantsaway.

D.Becausetheyareupsetbythepresenceofbig-headedants.

答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theelephantsmoveinandbiteihetrees,

removingmuchofthearea'scover.Thatupsetsthelocallions,whichoftenusethis

covertohidewhenhuntingzebra.Tocompensate,thelionsswitchtohuntingbuffalo”

可知，當大頭蟻取代了本地螞蟻后，它們無法像本地螞蟻那樣有效地驅趕大象。

因此，大象開始破壞樹木，減少了獅子用來埋伏捕獵的掩護物。由于獅子需要樹

木掩護來捕獵斑馬，而水牛不如斑馬跑得快，所以獅子轉而捕獵水牛。因此，獅

子改變攻擊目標是因為更高的能見度使得捕獵斑馬變得困難。故選B。

8.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Howantsandbuffalodefeatedlions

B.Howelephantslandedzebraintrouble

C.Howtreeschangedlions*dinnermenu

D.HowantspersuadedlionstoeathnfTalo

答案：D

解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)最后一段最后一句并分析全文描述

的自然現(xiàn)象可知，入侵螞蟻改變了食物鏈中的相互作用，導致獅子改變了它們的

捕食對象。因此，D項“Howantspersuadedlionstocatbuffalo”準確地概括了文

章的主要內容，適合作為文章的最佳標題。故選D。

n.讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）

（2025?安徽江南十校高三聯(lián)考）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整

的短文。

InaverycoldJanuary,apuppywanderedaroundMr.Lacey'shouse,where

Mr.LaceylivedwithhiswifeMamieandtheirdaughterDoris.Icicles（冰錐）hungthree

icclormurefromlliuioufsofhousesandsnowswallowedupcars.

Thepuppyhadbeenabandoned,anditmadeitswaydowntheroadtowardthe

Laceys'smallhouse,withitsearsdownandtremblingfrom