1WarehousingandMaterialsHandling/Packaging

倉儲II和物料輸送/包裝LeRoyH.Graw,EdD,DBA,C.P.M.,CPCM,CPP,CPPM,CISCM2Objectives目標(biāo)Tofurtheraddressfundamentalwarehousedecisions;進(jìn)一步討論基礎(chǔ)倉儲決定；Togainfurtherinsightofwarehouseandmaterialshandlingoperations;and進(jìn)一步了解倉儲及物料輸送運(yùn)作；Tounderstandthefunctionalityandrequirementsofproductpackaging.了解產(chǎn)品包裝的功能性及需求；3Onceyou’vedecidedhowmanyandwheretoplacewarehouses…

一旦決定倉庫的數(shù)量和地址，就需要考慮以下：Facilitydesign,layoutandsize設(shè)備設(shè)計，布局和尺寸；Utilizationdecisions如何利用；Materialshandlingoperations,systemdesignandequipment物料輸送運(yùn)作，系統(tǒng)設(shè)計和設(shè)備；

4Usestraightlineordirect-flowofgoods使貨物能夠直線流動Useefficientmaterialhandlingequipment使用有效的物料運(yùn)輸設(shè)備Minimizeaislespace(butdonotconstrainflow)在不限制貨物流動的前提下，減少過道空間Makemaximumuseoffacilityheight最大限度地利用設(shè)備的高度GeneralWarehouseLayout&DesignPrinciples倉庫布局和設(shè)計的一般準(zhǔn)則5GeneralWarehouseLayout&DesignPrinciples(Cont.)

倉庫布局和設(shè)計的一般準(zhǔn)則（繼續(xù)）

6/ActiveAreaApproach

儲備/激活空間法

orderpickingfrombins(producta,b,c,...)從柜中撿單（產(chǎn)品A,B,C)receiving接收storage儲備存儲 forward(active)storage傳遞（激活）存儲 abcdefg

h conveyorlines傳輸帶 palletstoragerack貨盤架

shipping運(yùn)輸 7WarehouseConfiguration倉庫構(gòu)造Designwarehousetomaximizeuseofshape最大限度地利用空間Constructioncostsnotaffectedmuchbyheight建筑成本受高度的影響不大；Materialshandlingcosts,forklifts,cranes,etc.are物料運(yùn)輸成本，叉車，起重機(jī)等8AlternativeWarehousingDesigns倉儲設(shè)計可選方案a.Generalorderpickingarea一般撿單區(qū)域b.Specializedorderpickingarea特殊撿單區(qū)域.9DockDesignConsiderations

塢設(shè)計考慮因素Modesoftransportservingthefacility服務(wù)于設(shè)備的運(yùn)輸模式Numberofdockdoors塢門的數(shù)量10WarehouseSize倉庫尺寸Oncesizeisdeterminedandfacilitybuilt,servesasa(soft)constraintfornext20+years--cannotchangewithoutlargecost一旦尺寸設(shè)定，設(shè)備安裝完畢，倉庫的使用年限應(yīng)在20年左右（不需花費(fèi)大量成本來做改變）Mustdeterminethespacetoamodateinventoryrequirementsovertime空間的應(yīng)用必須可容納時間對庫存的要求11UtilizationDecisions

如何利用的決定Determiningwhichitemstostockatawarehouse:決定哪些物品應(yīng)該存放在倉庫中：Storagepatibilityamongproducts應(yīng)考慮產(chǎn)品之間的存儲相容性patibilityofproductswithmaterialshandlingequipment應(yīng)考慮產(chǎn)品和物料輸送設(shè)備之間的相容性Safetyandsecurity安全12MoreUtilizationDecisions

更多如何利用的決定Wheretoplaceitemstomaximizeefficiency:如何放置物品可最大限度的提高效率Orderretrievalmethod:circuitousvs.zig-zagpickrouting訂單查詢方法：迂回法對比之字形法Ordermonproducts:placeitemsorderedtogetherneareachother訂單-共通型產(chǎn)品，可緊靠放置在一起Popularity:basedonthroughputonly--neglectsize–受歡迎產(chǎn)品：可基于存儲能力-忽略尺寸Sizeandhandling:neglectthroughput--placebigger(difficult-to-move)itemsnearinbounddoor尺寸和輸送：忽略存儲能力-將尺寸大（不容名企業(yè)）物品放置在靠運(yùn)入門口13MaterialsHandlingOperations

物料輸送運(yùn)作Unloadingthevehicle卸貨Storageplacement放置Orderpicking撿單Staging,consolidatingandcontainerization分段運(yùn)輸，集中和裝箱Loadingthevehicle裝貨14LoadingandUnloading裝貨和卸貨Goodsmustbeoffloadedfromthetransportationequipment.Unloadingandmovementtostorageareoftenhandledtogether.貨物必須從運(yùn)輸設(shè)備上卸下。卸貨和某著名企業(yè)至倉庫通常是一起進(jìn)行的。Specialequipment.特殊設(shè)備shipsareunloadedatdocksidebycranes海運(yùn)貨物在碼頭由起重機(jī)卸下railhoppercarsareturnedupsidedownbymechanicalunloaders.鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳镉蓹C(jī)械卸貨設(shè)備翻下

Unloadingmayrequiresorting,inspection,andclassificationbeforemovingtostorage.卸貨后，進(jìn)行分類，檢驗(yàn)和分類，再運(yùn)輸?shù)絺}庫Loadingsimilartounloadingwithadditionalactivities裝貨和卸貨類似，但還包含以下活動：Afinalcheckastoordercontentand最后檢查訂單內(nèi)容ordersequencemaybecarriedoutbeforetheshipmentisloadedontothetransportationequipment.在裝貨之前，必須檢查訂單的順序Also,loadingmayincludeanadditionalefforttopreventdamage,suchasbracingandpackingtheload.裝貨必須致力防止貨物破損，比如通過安裝支持和包裝等方式15MovementtoandfromStorage將貨物搬進(jìn)/搬出倉庫Betweentheloadingandunloadingpointsinastoragefacility,goodsmaybemovedseveraltimes.在倉庫設(shè)備的裝貨點(diǎn)和卸貨點(diǎn)之間，貨物可能被多次某著名企業(yè)。Movementfromtheunloadingpointtoastoragearea.貨物從卸貨點(diǎn)搬運(yùn)到倉儲區(qū)域movementfromtheshippingdockortoanorder-pickingareaforstockreplenishment.貨物從海運(yùn)碼頭搬運(yùn)到撿單區(qū)域來補(bǔ)充庫存。Usinganorder-pickingarearesultsinanadditionalmovementlink使用撿單區(qū)域可作為額外的搬運(yùn)連接點(diǎn)manytypesofmaterials-handlingequipment多種物料輸送設(shè)備manualpushtrucks手推車carts大車fullyautomatedandputerizedstackingandretrievalsystems.全自動和機(jī)化的裝箱和搜索系統(tǒng)16OrderFilling訂單供給selectionofstockfromthestorageareasaccordingtothesalesorders.根據(jù)銷售訂單從倉儲區(qū)域選擇庫存Orderselectionmaytakeplacedirectlyfrom訂單選擇可直接從semipermanentorbulkstorageareasor暫時性或散裝倉儲區(qū)域，或fromareas(calledorder-pickingareas)thatareespeciallylaidouttoenhancetheorderlyflowofmaterialsinbreak-bulkquantities.為改進(jìn)拆運(yùn)貨物的有序流動而設(shè)立的撿單區(qū)域Orderfillingisoftenthemostcriticalofthematerials-handlingactivitiesbecause訂單供給對于物料輸送活動通常至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)椋簍hehandlingofsmall-volumeordersislaborintensiveand小訂單（數(shù)量）輸送是勞動密集型工作relativelymoreexpensivethantheothermaterials-handlingactivities.比其他的物料輸送活動相對價高17ObjectivesofMaterialsHandling

物料輸送的目標(biāo)Minimizemovementinto,withinandoutofwarehouse將物料搬進(jìn)倉庫，倉庫搬動以及搬出倉庫的活動降到最低Ensurerapid/efficientflow確保迅速/有效流動Automateheavy-labor/high-frequencymovementsofregular-shapedproducts將勞動密集/高頻率的規(guī)則形狀產(chǎn)品搬動自動化18MaterialsHandlingSystemDesign

物料輸送系統(tǒng)設(shè)計Determiningtheequipmentneededtomove,storeandcontrolmaterial決定需要搬動，存儲和控制物料所需的設(shè)備Levelsoflabor/mechanization/automation人工化/機(jī)械化/自動化水平Movementbyhand手工搬動Movementbyhumanandmachines(cranes,forklifts,conveyers)人工和機(jī)械結(jié)合的搬動（起重機(jī)，叉車和傳輸帶）Movementbyputer-controlledmachines用計算機(jī)控制機(jī)械來搬動19MaterialHandlingEquipmentAlternative可選擇的物料輸送設(shè)備a.Forkliftwithpallet/slipsheets帶托盤/薄襯紙的叉車b.Cartsand4-wheeledtrucks大車和四輪卡車c.Conveyors傳輸帶d.Cranes-bridgeorstacker/wagon高架吊車或堆垛機(jī)e.automatedguidedvehiclesystems自動保護(hù)車輛系統(tǒng)f.storageequipment存儲設(shè)備1.traditional(piperacksandpallets)傳統(tǒng)(貨架和托盤）2.Automatedstorageandretrievalsystems(ASRS)-fullyputerizedorderpicking,sequencing,marking自動化存儲和查詢系統(tǒng)-全計算機(jī)化撿單，排序和作標(biāo)示20MaterialsHandlingEquipment

物料輸送設(shè)備Pallettruck

帶托盤卡車ForkLift叉車Gravityrollerconveyor重力輸送帶Powerconveyor

電輸送帶Powerpallettruck電托盤卡車Flexibleconveyor伸縮性輸送帶21StorageUnits存儲單位Push-backrack后推架Mezzanines中層RollerconveyorandCartonFlowRacks滾筒輸送帶和紙板架Palletrack貨盤架22ShippingPlatforms貨運(yùn)平臺

Pallets貨盤Slipsheet薄襯板Returnablecontainers可回收集裝箱Drums桶Floorloaded搭層23AutomatedWarehouseHandlingSystems自動化倉庫輸送系統(tǒng)AutomatedStorage/RetrievalSystems自動存儲/查詢系統(tǒng)Carousels–verticalandhorizontal旋轉(zhuǎn)式輸送帶-垂直和水平Case-pickinganditem-pickingequipment容器和物品選擇設(shè)備“Smart-sort”conveyors智能型輸送帶Robots機(jī)器人Scanningidentificationsystems掃描認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)Radiofrequency(RF)technologies無線電技術(shù)24InformationThroughouttheWarehouse

倉庫內(nèi)信息流動InventoryStatus庫存狀況Requisitions申請StockLocations存放位置OpenordersBackorders公開訂單/Logisticsroutine物流常規(guī)Workstandards工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Receivingandqualitycontrol接受和質(zhì)量控制Storage存儲Orderpicking撿單SortingandPacking分類和包裝Shipping運(yùn)輸Productivityreporting生產(chǎn)力匯報Inventoryupdate庫存更新LocationsCyclecounts地址循環(huán)計數(shù)Picklistlabels撿單標(biāo)簽Labels,PackinglistInventoryupdate標(biāo)簽，裝箱庫存更新Schedules計劃Productivityreport生產(chǎn)力報告25WarehouseManagementSystems(WMS)

倉庫管理系統(tǒng)Manufacturer制造商Retaile零售商WMS

Confirmsreceipt確認(rèn)收條Createsputawaylabel建立拋棄標(biāo)簽Directsstocktoactiveorlocation區(qū)分活躍/儲備位置放置

Prioritizesorders優(yōu)先訂單次序Printspickticketsforbestsequence按最好的次序打印撿單Printslabelsforpackingoperations打印包裝標(biāo)簽

Usesbarcodescanningtoverifyorder使用條形碼掃描確認(rèn)次序Printslabelsforshippingcartoncontents打印運(yùn)輸紙箱標(biāo)簽

Suggestsshippingroute建議運(yùn)輸路線Createsshippingdocuments準(zhǔn)備運(yùn)輸文件Calculatesshippingcost