邢臺市人民醫(yī)院超聲醫(yī)學英語考核一、選擇題（共10題，每題2分，合計20分）1.WhatistheprimarypurposeofDopplerultrasoundinclinicalpractice?A.TovisualizeanatomicalstructuresinrealtimeB.TomeasurebloodflowvelocityanddirectionC.ToassesstissueelasticityD.Todetectabnormalitiesinfetaldevelopment2.Whichultrasoundtechniqueismostcommonlyusedforevaluatingthyroidnodules?A.ColorDopplerimagingB.PowerDopplerimagingC.TransvaginalultrasoundD.3Dultrasound3.Whatdoestheterm"B-mode"standforinultrasoundterminology?A.BloodmotiondetectionB.BrightnessmodulationdisplayC.BoundarymodeimagingD.Broadbandmodedetection4.Whichultrasoundmodalityistypicallypreferredforassessingrenalbloodflow?A.GrayscaleimagingB.ColorDopplerflowimagingC.High-frequencylinearprobeD.3Dvolumerendering5.Whatisthenormalrangeforfetalheartrate(FHR)inweeks12–28ofgestation?A.60–80beatsperminuteB.100–160beatsperminuteC.120–180beatsperminuteD.140–200beatsperminute6.Whichultrasoundfindingisconsistentwithanormalliverechotexture?A.Homogeneous,finelygranularpatternB.Hyperechoic,nodularappearanceC.Hypoechoic,cysticlesionsD.Markedheterogeneitywithfocalmasses7.Whatisthemostappropriateultrasoundtechniqueforevaluatingpelvicfloordysfunction?A.TransabdominalultrasoundB.TransvaginalultrasoundC.ColorDopplerimagingD.3Dultrasoundelastography8.Whichultrasoundparameterisusedtoassessthestiffnessofabdominalaorticaneurysms?A.Resistiveindex(RI)B.Pulserepetitionfrequency(PRF)C.Shearwaveelastography(SWE)D.Timegaincompensation(TGC)9.Whatistheprimaryindicationforusingcontrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)inhepatobiliarydisease?A.DetectinggallstonesB.AssessingliverfibrosisC.VisualizingvascularperfusionD.Evaluatingbileductobstruction10.Whichultrasoundsignsuggeststhepresenceofafibroadenomainthebreast?A.HypervascularityoncolorDopplerB.MarkedhypoechogenicitywithposterioracousticenhancementC.ComplexcysticappearancewithinternalechoesD.Spiculatedmarginsandarchitecturaldistortion二、填空題（共5題，每題2分，合計10分）1.The_________modeinultrasoundprovidesreal-timeimagingofanatomicalstructures.2.The_________indexisusedtoassessbloodflowpulsatilityinvascularultrasound.3.Inthyroidultrasound,a_________appearanceoftenindicatesabenignnodule.4.The_________techniqueiscommonlyemployedforevaluatingfetalbiometry.5._________ultrasoundisparticularlyusefulforassessingsofttissueinjuries.三、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，合計20分）1.ExplaintheprincipleofDopplerultrasoundanditsclinicalapplications.2.DescribethekeydifferencesbetweengrayscaleultrasoundandcolorDopplerimaging.3.Outlinethestepsforperformingathyroidultrasoundexamination.4.Discusstheroleofcontrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)inliverdiseasediagnosis.5.Explainhowultrasoundelastographyisusedintheassessmentofbreastlesions.四、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，合計20分）1."Thepatientpresentswithacuteabdominalpain.Abdominalultrasoundisperformedtoruleouthepatorenalsyndrome."翻譯：_______________________________________________________2."ColorDopplerimagingdemonstratesincreasedvascularityinthethyroidnodule,suggestingmalignancy."翻譯：_______________________________________________________3."Fetalbiometryincludesmeasurementofbiparietaldiameter(BPD),headcircumference(HC),andabdominalcircumference(AC)."翻譯：_______________________________________________________4."Contrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)showsahypervascularmassintheliver,consistentwithhepatocellularcarcinoma."翻譯：_______________________________________________________5."Theultrasoundreportdescribesa'hyperechoic,well-definednodulewithposterioracousticshadowing'intheprostate."翻譯：_______________________________________________________五、論述題（共1題，10分）Discusstheadvantagesandlimitationsofultrasoundinthediagnosisofmusculoskeletalinjuries.Providespecificexamplesofultrasoundfindingsincommonpathologiessuchastendinitis,bursitis,andstressfractures.答案與解析一、選擇題答案1.B解析：Dopplerultrasound的主要功能是測量血流速度和方向，通過多普勒效應反映血流動力學信息。2.A解析：甲狀腺結節(jié)評估常用彩色多普勒超聲，可觀察血流灌注情況輔助診斷。3.B解析：B-mode（B型）超聲指灰階成像，通過亮度調制顯示組織回聲。4.B解析：彩色多普勒血流成像可評估腎臟血流動力學，對腎功能評估具有重要價值。5.B解析：孕12-28周胎兒正常心率為100-160次/分鐘，過快或過慢需警惕異常。6.A解析：正常肝臟呈均勻細顆粒狀回聲，其他選項多提示病變或異常。7.B解析：經陰道超聲對盆腔結構分辨率高，適合評估盆腔臟器及功能障礙。8.C解析：剪切波彈性成像（SWE）可評估腹主動脈瘤的硬度，預測破裂風險。9.C解析：CEUS通過造影劑增強顯示肝臟血流灌注，有助于鑒別肝腫瘤。10.B解析：乳腺纖維腺瘤典型表現(xiàn)為高回聲結節(jié)伴后方聲影，邊界清晰。二、填空題答案1.Grayscale2.Resistive3.Hypoechoic4.Fetalbiometry5.Musculoskeletal三、簡答題答案1.Dopplerultrasoundprincipleandapplications:解析：Dopplerultrasound基于多普勒效應，通過檢測反射波頻率變化評估血流速度和方向。臨床應用包括血管疾?。ㄈ缤庵軇用}狹窄）、產科（胎兒血流監(jiān)測）、腫瘤（血流評估惡性程度）。2.KeydifferencesbetweengrayscaleandcolorDoppler:解析：Grayscale超聲顯示組織解剖結構，彩色多普勒疊加血流信息。前者提供靜態(tài)圖像，后者動態(tài)顯示血流顏色和速度。3.Stepsforthyroidultrasoundexamination:①確定檢查范圍（甲狀腺及頸部淋巴結）；②使用高頻探頭（5-12MHz）；③觀察形態(tài)、大小、回聲、邊界、血流信號；④記錄結節(jié)數量、大小、有無鈣化及TI-RADS分級。4.RoleofCEUSinliverdisease:解析：CEUS通過造影劑增強顯示肝臟血流灌注模式，可鑒別良惡性（如肝細胞癌高灌注、血管瘤延遲強化）。5.Ultrasoundelastographyinbreastlesions:解析：彈性成像通過壓敏技術評估組織硬度，乳腺癌通常表現(xiàn)為低彈性（藍著色），良性病變彈性均勻（綠著色）。四、翻譯題答案1.翻譯：患者出現(xiàn)急性腹痛，行腹部超聲以排除肝腎綜合征。2.翻譯：彩色多普勒顯示甲狀腺結節(jié)血流增多，提示惡性可能。3.翻譯：胎兒生物測量包括雙頂徑（BPD）、頭圍（HC）和腹圍（AC）的測量。4.翻譯：CEUS顯示肝臟高血流腫塊，符合肝細胞癌特征。5.翻譯：超聲報告描述前列腺內“高回聲、邊界清晰的結節(jié)伴后方聲影”。五、論述題答案Ultrasoundinmusculoskeletalinjuries:advantagesandlimitationsAdvantages:-Real-timeimagingallowsdynamicassessmentofjointmobilityandtendonmovement.-High-resolutionprobesdetectsofttissueabnormalities(e.g.,tendinitis,bursitis)withoutionizingradiation.-Cost-effectiv