2025人民醫(yī)院超聲醫(yī)學(xué)英語考核一、單選題（每題2分，共20題）1.Whichofthefollowingtechniquesisprimarilyusedforassessingthestiffnessoftissuesinelastography?A.PowerDopplerB.StrainelastographyC.ColorDopplerflowimagingD.Harmonicimaging2.Theterm"B-line"inultrasoundimagingrefersto:A.AhyperechoicstructureparalleltotheultrasoundbeamB.AhypoechoicstructureperpendiculartotheultrasoundbeamC.BloodflowsignalintheportalveinD.Adefectinthediaphragm3.Whichultrasoundcontrastagentisapprovedforuseinintracardiacapplicationsduetoitshighsafetyprofile?A.Optison(Definity)B.Sonovue(Microbubbles)C.Levovist(SulfurHexafluoride)D.EchoGen(BiotinylatedAlbumin)4.The"shadowingeffect"inultrasoundimagingiscausedby:A.RefractionofsoundwavesB.AbsorptionofsoundwavesbydensestructuresC.MultiplicationofechoesD.Increasedreverberation5.Whichultrasoundmodalityismosteffectiveforevaluatingmusculoskeletallesions?A.MRIB.CTC.UltrasoundD.PET-CT6.Theterm"aliasing"inultrasoundimagingrefersto:A.ArtifactscausedbypoorimageresolutionB.MisregistrationofmovingstructuresC.Distortionofimageduetohigh-frequencysignalsD.IncorrectDopplerfrequencymeasurement7.Whichultrasoundtechniqueusesphaseinversiontodifferentiatebetweensoftandhardtissues?A.ComputedTomography(CT)B.MagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)C.Contrast-EnhancedUltrasound(CEUS)D.ShearWaveElastography(SWE)8.Thenormalliverparenchymatypicallyshowsahomogeneousechotexturewithascoreof:A.1B.2C.3D.49.Whichultrasoundsignindicatesthepresenceofagallstoneinthegallbladder?A.Murphy’ssignB.RimshadowC.PeristalsiswaveD.Hyperechoicfocus10.The"heel-of-hammer"signinthyroidultrasoundisassociatedwith:A.ThyroiditisB.ThyroidnodulewithcalcificationC.ParathyroidadenomaD.Thyroidcyst二、多選題（每題3分，共10題）1.WhichofthefollowingareadvantagesofultrasoundoverMRIfordynamicimaging?A.Real-timeimagingcapabilityB.NoexposuretoradiationC.HigherspatialresolutionD.Betterdepictionofbloodflow2.Whichultrasoundtechniquesareusedintheevaluationoffetalanomalies?A.FetalbiometryB.3DultrasoundC.ColorDopplerD.PowerDoppler3.Thefollowingarecommonartifactsinultrasoundimaging:A.reverberationB.shadowingC.comettailartifactD.aliasing4.Whichultrasoundparametersshouldbeoptimizedforevaluatingatheroscleroticplaque?A.GainB.Pulserepetitionfrequency(PRF)C.TransducerfrequencyD.Dopplerfiltersettings5.Thefollowingaretypicalfindingsinabenignthyroidnodule:A.HomogeneousechotextureB.SmoothmarginsC.AbsenceofcalcificationD.Presenceofmicrocalcifications6.Whichultrasoundfindingssuggestahighsuspicionofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)?A.HypervascularityoncolorDopplerB.HypoechoicorisoechoicmassC.Well-definedmarginsD.Ring-likeenhancementonCEUS7.Thefollowingareimportantconsiderationswhenperformingultrasound-guidedbiopsies:A.ProperlocalizationofthetargetlesionB.UseofacoaxialneedlesystemC.AvoidanceofvesselstopreventbleedingD.Real-timeimagingtoconfirmtheneedleposition8.Whichultrasoundtechniquesareusedintheassessmentofrenalarterystenosis?A.ColorDopplerB.PowerDopplerC.PulseWaveDopplerD.3DpowercolorDoppler9.Thefollowingarecharacteristicsofanormalurinarybladderonultrasound:A.HyperechoicwallB.HomogeneousbladderliningC.PresenceofbladdercalculusD.Absenceofperistalsiswave10.Whichultrasoundfindingsareconsistentwithabenignbreastmass?A.RegularmarginsB.HomogeneousenhancementonCEUSC.AbsenceofspiculationD.Presenceofmicrocalcifications三、填空題（每題2分，共10題）1.Theultrasoundbeamismoststronglyabsorbedby______tissue.2.The______signindicatesthepresenceofagallstoneinthebileduct.3.______elastographyisusedtoassessthestiffnessofbreastlesions.4.The______waveisusedtoevaluatethespeedofbloodflowinvessels.5.The______artifactiscausedbythereflectionofsoundwavesfromasmoothinterface.6.The______scoreisusedtoassesstheechogenicityofliverparenchyma.7.______imagingisusedtovisualizethethree-dimensionalstructureoffetalorgans.8.The______signisusedtodifferentiatebetweensolidandcysticthyroidnodules.9.The______techniqueisusedtoassessthevascularityofalesion.10.The______isthedistancebetweentwoconsecutiveechoesinB-modeimaging.四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Describetheprincipleofshearwaveelastography(SWE)anditsclinicalapplications.2.ExplainthedifferencebetweenB-modeandcolorDopplerimaging.3.Listthreecommonartifactsinultrasoundimaginganddescribetheircauses.4.Discusstheroleofultrasoundintheprenataldiagnosisofcongenitalheartdefects.五、翻譯題（每題10分，共2題）1.TranslatethefollowingultrasoundreportexcerptintoEnglish:"Thelivershowsheterogeneousechotexturewithmultiplefocalhypoechoicareassuggestingfocalnodularhyperplasia.Nodefinitemassisidentified.Thegallbladderisdistendedwithathickenedwallanda1.2-cmechogeniccalculusintheneck."2.TranslatethefollowingclinicalscenariointoEnglish:"A65-year-oldmalepresentswithapainlessthyroidnodule.Ultrasoundshowsa2.5-cmsolidnodulewithirregularmarginsandmicrocalcifications.Thepatientisreferredforfine-needleaspirationbiopsy."答案與解析一、單選題答案與解析1.B-解析：Strainelastographymeasurestissuestiffnessbyanalyzingthedisplacementofshearwaves,whichiscriticalfordifferentiatingbenignfrommalignantlesionsinelastography.2.A-解析：B-linesarehyperechoicverticallinesparalleltotheultrasoundbeamcausedbythereflectionofsoundwavesoffthepleuralsurfaceorothersmoothinterfaces.3.B-解析：Sonovue(microbubbles)isapprovedforintracardiacapplicationsduetoitslowsystemicclearanceandhighsafetyprofile.4.B-解析：Shadowingoccurswhensoundwavesareattenuatedbydensestructures,causingalossofechoesbehindthem.5.C-解析：Ultrasoundisidealformusculoskeletalimagingduetoitsreal-timecapability,portability,andlackofradiationexposure.6.B-解析：AliasingoccurswhenmovingstructuresexceedtheNyquistlimit,causingmisregistrationontheultrasounddisplay.7.D-解析：Shearwaveelastographyusesphaseinversiontodifferentiatetissuestiffness,whichisvaluableinoncologyandmusculoskeletalimaging.8.B-解析：Normalliverparenchymatypicallyscores2ontheACRlexicon,indicatingahomogeneousechotexture.9.B-解析：Rimshadowisacharacteristicsignofgallstonesinthegallbladderduetoacousticshadowing.10.B-解析：Theheel-of-hammersignisseeninthyroidnoduleswithcalcification,indicatingabenignlesion.二、多選題答案與解析1.A,B-解析：Ultrasoundoffersreal-timeimagingandavoidsradiation,makingitsuperiorfordynamicstudies.2.A,B,C-解析：Fetalbiometry,3Dultrasound,andcolorDopplerareessentialforassessingfetalanomalies.3.A,B,D-解析：Reverberation,shadowing,andaliasingarecommonartifactsinultrasound.4.A,C,D-解析：Gain,transducerfrequency,andDopplerfiltersettingsarecriticalforplaqueevaluation.5.A,B,C-解析：Benignthyroidnodulestypicallyhavehomogeneoustexture,smoothmargins,andnocalcifications.6.A,B,C-解析：Hypervascularity,hypoechogenicity,andwell-definedmarginssuggestHCC.7.A,B,C,D-解析：Alllistedpointsarecrucialforultrasound-guidedbiopsies.8.A,C,D-解析：ColorDoppler,pulsewaveDoppler,and3DpowercolorDopplerareusedforrenalarterystenosis.9.B,D-解析：Anormalbladderhasahomogeneousliningandabsenceofperistalsiswave.10.A,B,C-解析：Benignbreastmassesshowregularmargins,homogeneousenhancement,andnospiculation.三、填空題答案與解析1.Dense-解析：Boneandotherdensetissuesattenuateultrasoundwavessignificantly.2.Double-targetsign-解析：Thedouble-targetsignindicatesagallstoneinthebileduct,appearingastwoechogenicfociwithashadow.3.Shearwave-解析：Shearwaveelastographyassessestissuestiffnessbymeasuringshearwavepropagation.4.Pulsewave-解析：PulsewaveDopplermeasuresbloodflowvelocitybyanalyzingreflectedultrasoundsignals.5.Specularreflection-解析：Specularreflectionoccurswhensoundwavesreflectoffasmoothsurface,causingartifacts.6.Acrlexicon-解析：TheACRlexiconprovidesastandardizedscoringsystemforliverechotexture.7.3D-解析：3Dultrasoundreconstructsthree-dimensionalimagesoffetalorgans.8.Halosign-解析：Thehalosignindicatesabenignthyroidnoduleduetoahypoechoicrim.9.ColorDoppler-解析：ColorDopplervisualizesbloodflowwithinlesions.10.Framerate-解析：FramerateisthenumberofimagesdisplayedpersecondinB-modeimaging.四、簡答題答案與解析1.Shearwaveelastography(SWE)andclinicalapplications-解析：SWEmeasurestissuestiffnessbyanalyzingthedisplacementofshearwavesgeneratedbyanultrasoundtransducer.Itisusedtodifferentiatebenignfrommalignantlesionsinbreast,thyroid,andliverimaging.2.DifferencebetweenB-modeandcolorDopplerimaging-解析：B-modeimagingprovidesreal-timeanatomicalvisualizationoftissues,whilecolorDopplerimagingassessesbloodflowbycolor-codingvelocity.3.Commonartifactsinultrasoundimaging-解析：-Reverberation:Multipleechoesfromsmoothsurfaces.-Shadowing:Absenceofechoesbehinddensestructures.-Aliasing:Misregistrationofmovingstructuresdueto