高考英語閱讀理解(教育文化)解題技巧分析及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

NewJerseyMiddleSchoolMakesStudentsGoPhone-Free

AmiddleschoolinUnionCounty,NewJersey,isforcingitsstudentstostaydisconnectedinclass,byprohibitingcellphones.MaxsonMiddleSchoolPrincipalKevinStansburyputforwardthephonebanlastweekafterhenoticedsomemajorissuesintheschool."Ourtestscoresweredown,disciplinewasup,"hesays.Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.So,hepurchasedYondrpouchesfortheschool.

Yondrpouch

Whenstudentscomeintoclasseachmorning,theyplacetheirphonesinthepouch,whichisthenlockeduptight.Itcanonlybeopenedusingaspecialdeviceattheendoftheday.Thebanonmobiledevicesappliesnotjustduringclasstimebutduringbreaks,withtheonlyexceptionsbeingintimesofemergencyorincasesofstudentswhoneedsuchdevicestohelpwithdisabilities.

Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours."It'sjustbetterforeveryonebecauseyou'llunderstandhowitfeelstogetmoreworkdoneinsteadofpayingattentiontothephone,"saysstudentCharleneV."I'musuallylisteningtomusic,buttodayIgottocommunicatewithallmyfriends,"saysstudentDesireeDuncan.

Theprogramwasoriginallymetwithresistancefromstudentsandparents,sotheprocesswasnotthatsmooth.Butteachersandadministratorssaythattheprogramwillhaveamajorimpact."Studentsweretalkingandlaughingandtherewerenocellphonesotherthanbeingcarriedinthepouches,"Stansburysays.

TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.Shesaysstudentsusedtogiveupquicklyandjustlookforanswersontheirphones.Shesaystheynowtrytofigureitoutthemselves."Everyoneissocializingandeatinglunchtogether.That'swhatIwasn'tseeingenoughofwhenphoneusagewasatitsworst,"sheadds.

MaxsonMiddleSchooliscurrentlytheonlyoneinthedistricttousethesepouches.KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.（1）MaxsonMiddleSchoolputforwardthephonebanbecausestudents_____.A.weren'tfocusedonschoolworkB.werealwayslisteningtomusicC.usedphonestocheatonexamsD.stoppedtalkingwithothers（2）Whatdidthetwoeighth-graderstellthenewspaper?A.Oppositionfromstudents.B.Teamworkwithfriends.C.Dailyroutineatschool.D.Effectoftheprogram.（3）AccordingtoNiaCummings,whatchangehasthephonebanbrought?A.Studentsdiscussmoreinclass.B.Studentsfinishtheirworkontime.C.Studentsguesstheanswersthemselves.D.Studentscheckmessagesduringthebreak.（4）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthephoneban_____.A.hasbroughtlittlechangetoteachingandlearningB.hasgainedsupportfromeverystudentandparentC.mightbecarriedoutinotherschoolsinthecommunityD.mighthavegoodinfluenceonstudents'healthconditions【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了新澤西高中實(shí)行“手機(jī)禁止”措施，以保證學(xué)生們正常的課業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)效率。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中“Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.”可知學(xué)生們太過于關(guān)注手機(jī)了以至于上課時(shí)無法專注，因此Maxson中學(xué)推行手機(jī)禁止計(jì)劃是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們無法專注學(xué)業(yè)。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours.”可知兩位八年級的同學(xué)告訴報(bào)社說，實(shí)施一段時(shí)間后他們注意到發(fā)生了改變，意在表明兩位同學(xué)對報(bào)社表達(dá)了這個項(xiàng)目所帶來的影響。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中“TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.”可知，NiaCummings老師甚至留意到了學(xué)生們在課堂上互相探討想法，因此根據(jù)NiaCummings說的，禁止手使用機(jī)帶來的好處是同學(xué)們在課堂上討論的更多了。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中“KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.”可知，KevinStansbury號召本社區(qū)內(nèi)的其他學(xué)校，手機(jī)使用的問題是值得關(guān)注的，有必要的時(shí)候可以采取措施。意在表明在社區(qū)內(nèi)的其他學(xué)校也可能實(shí)施手機(jī)禁止的辦法。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

TheUSDepartmentofLabourstatistics(統(tǒng)計(jì))showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.

Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,andTVrepairmen.

Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.

Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌輸)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallintoline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments(入學(xué))goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.

Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.（1）It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat

.A.

manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblemB.

white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkersC.

fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefutureD.

thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?A.

Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.B.

Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.C.

Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.D.

Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.（3）Bysaying"manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere",theauthormeansthat

.A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollegeB.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollegeC.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyearD.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat

.A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollegeB.collegeeducationisabadthingC.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpayD.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，通過調(diào)查告訴人們要改變傳統(tǒng)的觀念:應(yīng)首先考慮選擇技術(shù)性的工作——因?yàn)樗狈θ瞬?待遇更高。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.”可推知白領(lǐng)工人以前比藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人賺的錢多,故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌輸)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.”可知A,B,C三項(xiàng)正確,而D項(xiàng)不是大學(xué)入學(xué)人數(shù)增加的原因,故選D。（3）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.”可知作者列舉了三種情況,說明有些人不適合大學(xué)教育,故選A。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知,作者通過調(diào)查告訴人們大學(xué)教育的人才過多,而技術(shù)工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接著又分析了造成這種狀況的原因;最后還談到了很多學(xué)生上了大學(xué)卻因種種原因無法完成學(xué)業(yè)。所有這些都在暗示人們,上大學(xué)的人應(yīng)該減少,而參加技術(shù)工作的人應(yīng)該增多，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和句義猜測兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto"buildabridge"withthingsyouknowabout,andthen"bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics".

RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion-dollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughaworm-holeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?"Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense,"Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖論)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.

Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,"makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths".

WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange."Thebasicstuffisimportant,"Greenesaid."ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails."

GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis"notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam".It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(現(xiàn)象)—andhavingfun!（1）Amillion-dollarquestionisprobablyvery

.A.directB.difficultC.personalD.long（2）ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind

.A.areboringtoreadB.aremainlyaboutmathsC.arepopularsciencebooksD.areonlypopularamongkids（3）AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A.Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B.Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C.Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D.ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.（4）Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat

.A.kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB.kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC.kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD.kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，物理和數(shù)學(xué)教授BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以對現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)感興趣。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段Greene對這個問題的解釋以及他說需要未來的物理學(xué)家去解決可知,作者提出的這個問題非常難。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“…booksby…‘makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths'.”可知,Greene認(rèn)為Weinberg和Susskind等物理學(xué)家寫的書淺顯易懂,適合普通大眾閱讀,故這些書屬于受歡迎的科普讀物。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知,當(dāng)作者指出一些學(xué)生覺得物理無聊時(shí),Greene說重要的是向孩子們講述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些諸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的現(xiàn)代物理現(xiàn)象,如果孩子們知道了這些,他們中的一些就愿意了解所有詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容。因此可推知他認(rèn)為興趣在學(xué)習(xí)過程中起著非常重要的作用。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知,Greene希望孩子們可以像他一樣對科學(xué)和物理感興趣,去探索宇宙的奧秘。故選A。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

TheimportanceofreadingliteratureoftenseemslostonmanyChinesepeople.Evenexpertsineducationthinkthatthefirstgoalofeducationistoencouragealoveoflearning.Thereisthereforethepossibilityofsomethingwrongwiththewaystudentsaretaughthere.

Whyshouldtheyreadliterature?Dostorieshavevaluecomparedwiththereadingandlearningoffacts?Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.Yettherearesomanyimportantthingstolearnthatcannotbelearnedintheseways:feelings,problemsolving,dangerandrelationships,forexample.Researchintothishasshownhowdeepreadingisavaluableexperiencedifferenttoalearningofwordsorfacts.Keen(熱心的)readersof-literatureshowabetterunderstandingofothers.Theirabilitiestomakegooddecisionsareraised.Youngchildrenwhoenjoyaparentreadingstoriestothemshowgreaterawareness(意識)whentheyreachschoolage.

Thebestschoolsdoseemtoprovidealimited(有限的)chancetoenjoyliterature,usuallyabouttheChineseclassicstoriesbutthereisnotenough"free"timeforstudents.Thereareenoughreadingmaterials(材料).Chinesebookshopsarefullofstorybooks,andmostofthemareofgoodquality(質(zhì)量)intermsofcontent,plot(情節(jié))andlanguage.WastherenotaChineseauthorwhoreceivedaNobelPrizeforliteraturerecently?TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromote(提升)decisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.（1）WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthewaystudentsareeducatedinChina?A.

Heisproudofit.

B.

Heisinterestedinit.C.

Hedoesn'tquiteacceptit.

D.

Heisconfidentaboutit.（2）Whichisnotamongthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningaccordingtoparagraph2?A.

Byexperience.

B.

Bytakingrisks.

C.

Byreadingdeeply.

D.

Bydoingexperiments.（3）Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.

Readingliteraturehelpsdevelopgoodvalues.B.

Chinesestudentslikereadingstoriesastheygetolder.C.

StoriesinChinesebookstoresaregenerallyofpoorquality.D.

Chinesestudentshavenochancetoreadenoughmaterials.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Literatureisakindofart.B.

Readingliteratureshouldbevalued.C.

Goodreadingmaterialsareingreatneed.D.

SomethingiswrongwithChineseeducation.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了閱讀文學(xué)作品應(yīng)當(dāng)受到重視，以及閱讀文學(xué)作品的原因。最后作者指出文學(xué)的價(jià)值不僅有助于促進(jìn)決策制定和價(jià)值觀共享的舉措，而且有助于中國的未來。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thereisthereforethepossibilityofsomethingwrongwiththewaystudentsaretaughthere.”因此，這里的學(xué)生的教育方式可能有問題?？芍髡卟惶邮苤袊鴮W(xué)生的教育方式。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.”研究清楚地表明，最有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法是通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)、行動、實(shí)驗(yàn)和冒險(xiǎn)?？芍钊腴喿x的學(xué)習(xí)方法不是最有效的。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromotedecisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.”中國的教育中有一些促進(jìn)決策制定和價(jià)值觀共享的舉措。文學(xué)的價(jià)值不僅有助于這些，而且有助于中國的未來?？芍喿x文學(xué)有助于培養(yǎng)良好的價(jià)值觀。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“TheimportanceofreadingliteratureoftenseemslostonmanyChinesepeople.”許多中國人似乎忽視了閱讀文學(xué)作品的

重要性；以及最后一段中的“TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromotedecisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.”中國的教育中有一些促進(jìn)決策制定和價(jià)值觀共享的舉措。文學(xué)的價(jià)值不僅有助于這些，而且有助于中國的未來。結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容為說明閱讀文學(xué)作品的重要性，故可知文章的主旨大意是閱讀文學(xué)作品應(yīng)該受到重視。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

SomeAfricanschoolsareaddingprogramsthatteachwhatofficialsarecalling"softskills"tostudents.Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife.

ThetrainingisbeingofferedattheSt.BernadetteKamonyiSecondarySchoolinKigali,Rwanda.Forweeks,itsstudentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinesses.Thegoalofthesefieldtripsisfortheyoungpeopletolearnwhatisnecessarytosecureajob.

Forthesecondaryschoolstudents,thisinformationisimportant.Inafewmonths,they'llcompletetheirstudiesandtrytheirbesttofindwork.OneoftheRwandanstudentsis22-year-oldAminadabNiyitegeka.Hesayshewilllookforanyjobavailable.Hehopesthatwhathelearnsinhisworkreadinessclasswillhelp.Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining.Itispartofanefforttopreparestudentstobecomebettercommunicators,problemsolversandcitizens(公民).

RwandahasstartedaworkreadinesstrainingprogramcalledAkaziKanozeAccess.Itmeans"workwelldone"inKinyarwanda,theofficiallanguageofRwanda.Theprogramhastrainedmorethan20,000studentstohelpmakethemmoreappealingtoemployers.

EmmanuelNtagungiraisateacherandworksasatrainerforAkaziKanozeAccess,Heoftenvisitsemployerswhohavegivenjobstohighschools.Theemployersareveryhappybecausethegraduatesarereadytowork.Hesayshehopestheprogramwillhelplowerunemployment,whichstandsatover13percentnationwide.Healsoexplainsthatthegraduateshaveahealthymindsetandemployersaresatisfiedwiththejobthey'vebeendoing.（1）Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleof"softskills"?A.Beingcompetentinsoftware.B.Communicatingwithotherswell.C.Makingagoodspeechinpublic.D.Havingagoodsenseofcooperation.（2）InwhatwayhavesecondaryschoolsinAfricachanged?A.Theyfocusonmathematicsandscience.B.Theyignoreareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.C.Theyapplynewteachingmethods.D.Theymakeanefforttoofferstudentssoftskills.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheprogramKaziKanozeAccessaimstoappealtoemployers.B.AminadabNiyitegekawilldefinitelyfindagoodjobaftergraduation.C.Studentswithsoftskillsarelikelytogetalongwellwithothers.D.Studentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinessestosecureajob.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在非洲一些地區(qū)和學(xué)校實(shí)施的“軟技能”項(xiàng)目，即關(guān)注學(xué)生個人品質(zhì)教學(xué)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施情況，這種培訓(xùn)可以幫助學(xué)生在就業(yè)市場和生活中取得成功。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers”可知，軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。所以軟件操作不是個人品質(zhì)，就不是軟技能。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining”可知傳統(tǒng)上，非洲的中學(xué)花時(shí)間在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)等科目上，很大程度上會忽略公共演講和團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作等領(lǐng)域。但現(xiàn)在這樣的情況正在改變。學(xué)校正在探索新的教學(xué)模式以提供軟技能和專業(yè)訓(xùn)練。所以非洲中級學(xué)校的改變是他們努力教給學(xué)生軟技能。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife”可知軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。權(quán)威人士說這樣的訓(xùn)練能幫助學(xué)生在找工作和生活中成功。因此軟技能幫學(xué)生跟人和睦相處。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Mobilephonesshouldbekeptfromclassrooms,theUKministerforschoolshassaid.NickGibbsaidhehadconcernsabouttheeffectthatthephonewashavingonchildren,andalsosaidtheGovernmentshouldintroducelessonsforpupilsonhowtolimittheirscreentime.

MrGibbsaid,"Schoolsobviouslyarefreetosettheirownbehaviourpoliciesbutmyownviewisthatschoolsshouldban(禁止)mobiletelephonesandsmartphonesinsideschool,andparticularlyinsideclassrooms.Ibelieveverystronglythatchildrenshouldbelimitingtheirownuseathome.Everyhourspentonlineandonasmartphoneisanhourlesstalkingtofamily,andit'sanhourlessexerciseandit'sanhourlesssleep.Andofcourseitisalackofsleepthatresearchisshowingcanhaveadamagingeffectonachild'smentalhealth.”

Theparentsaretoldthatchildrenwillbeaskedtobreakoffatleasteverytwohoursandavoidsocialmediabeforebedtime.TheUKwouldbefollowinginthefootstepsofEuropeancountriesifschoolsweretointroduceaban.withFrenchpupilsbeingtoldtoleavetheirsmartphonesathomewhentheyreturnedfromtheirsummerholidayslastyear.

AttheFestivalofEducationatWellingtonCollegelastsummer,ProfessorMichaelfromAmericasaidthatanysensibleheadwouldbanmobilephones."It'sfartoodistractingforchildrenhavingmobilephones.Texting,playinggames,allthistakesplace.Mobilephonesgooffinclassrooms,disruptinglessons.Banthem.Ifchildrenwanttouseaphoneinanemergencytheycanusetheschoolphone."（1）What'sNickGibb'sattitudetowardsusingmobilephoneinschool?A.Cautious.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Disapproving.（2）Whatisonepossibleresultofspendingtoomuchtimeonlineaccordingtothetext?A.Anhourlessexerciseaweek.B.Moreeffectsonsleepquality.C.Lesscommunicationwithfamily.D.Animprovementinmentalhealth.（3）Whichcountryhasaskedstudentstoleavetheirphonesathome?A.UK.B.NewZealand.C.USAD.France.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.MobilePhonescausebadeffectsonourstudy.B.Mobilephonesshouldbebannedfromclassrooms.C.Parentsshouldforbidtheirkidstousemobilephones.D.Studentscanusemobilephonesincaseofemergency.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在英國，一些孩子帶手機(jī)進(jìn)入課堂，這嚴(yán)重影響了孩子在課堂上的學(xué)習(xí)效果，因此教育大臣呼吁要禁止手機(jī)進(jìn)入學(xué)校。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Mobilephonesshouldbekeptfromclassrooms,theUKministerforschoolshassaid.”可知，英國教育大臣表示，手機(jī)應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離教室。因此，NickGibb不贊成學(xué)生在學(xué)校使用手機(jī)。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Everyhourspentonlineandonasmartphoneisanhourlesstalkingtofamily”可知，在網(wǎng)上和在智能手機(jī)上花費(fèi)的每一小時(shí)意味著與家人交談減少了一個小時(shí)，根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，上網(wǎng)時(shí)間過長可能會導(dǎo)致減少與家人的交流。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheUKwouldbefollowinginthefootstepsofEuropeancountriesifschoolsweretointroduceabanwithFrenchpupilsbeingtoldtoleavetheirsmartphonesathomewhentheyreturnedfromtheirsummerholidayslastyear.”可知，法國學(xué)生在去年暑假結(jié)束后返校時(shí)，被告知將智能手機(jī)留在家中。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Mobilephonesshouldbekeptfromclassrooms,theUKministerforschoolshassaid.NickGibbsaidhehadconcernsabouttheeffectthatthephonewashavingonchildren,andalsosaidtheGovernmentshouldintroducelessonsforpupilsonhowtolimittheirscreentime.”可知，英國教育大臣表示，手機(jī)應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離教室。手機(jī)會給孩子帶來不良影響，并說政府應(yīng)該引進(jìn)課程來限制學(xué)生上網(wǎng)看手機(jī)的時(shí)間，因此文章的主要內(nèi)容是“應(yīng)該禁止學(xué)生在教室里使用手機(jī)”。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

YoungmumsshoppingintheCopleyMallindowntownBoston-monthfoundthemselvesbeingquestionedabouttheiruseofsoapbystudentsfromHarvardBusinessSchoolusuallyknownasHBS.Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.

The900studentsarrivinginBostonthissummerfortheirtwo-yearcourseweretoldthattheywouldbesubjects.ThenewpracticaladditiontoHBS'scurriculumisknownas"FIELD"thatstandsforFieldImmersionExperiencesforLeadershipDevelopment.Fieldwork—ie,goingoutandtalkingtopeople—isabigchangeforHBS.

Notallthestaffandstudentswereoverjoyedtobeexperimentedon.Butthemanresponsible,NitinNohria,headofHBS,saysthat"Ifitworks,theFIELDmethodcouldbecomeanequalpartnertothecasemethod."

Whathappensinthesecondyearofthenewcourseisstillbeingworkedout.Butthefirstyearhasthreeelements.First,team-buildingexercises.Studentstaketurnstoleadagroupengagedinaproject.Theylearntocooperateandtogiveandtakefeedback.Second,studentswillbesenttoworkforaweekwithoneofmorethan140firmsin11countries.Inthethirdpartofthecourse,studentswillbegiveneightweeks,andseedmoneyof＄3,000each,tolaunchasmallcompany.Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.Theexperimentdoesnotcomecheap,adding5-10%tothecourse'scost,whichHBSwillbearwhileitfiguresoutwhatworks.（1）Whywerethestudentsquestioningthoseyoungmums,accordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Topromoteanantibacterialcleanser.B.Toearnsomemoney.C.Topreparetohelpafirmtolaunchaproduct.D.Tomakeastudyaboutsoap.（2）Accordingtotheplanforthefirstyearcourse,thestudents_________.A.willbeledbyagroupandlearntogiveandtakefeedbackB.willhavetosetupasmallcompanyandearnatleast$3,000withineightweeksC.willgetmorefundingifhis/hercompanyisconsideredtobemostsuccessfulbythefellowstudentsD.willbesenttoworkwithoneofmorethan140firmsthroughoutthecountry（3）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewCourse.B.WaysofLearning.C.LearningBusinessinPractice.D.LaunchingaNewBusiness.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了哈佛大學(xué)的一個新方案，即讓學(xué)生通過實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.”可知，這些學(xué)生并不在打臨時(shí)工賺取啤酒錢，他們在幫助一家巴西公司發(fā)布一款抗病菌潔面乳做準(zhǔn)備工作。由此可知，學(xué)生們詢問年輕的媽媽們是為了推廣一款抗病菌潔面乳。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.”可知，按照同學(xué)投票，最成功的公司將給予更豐厚的資金。由此可知，根據(jù)第一年的課程計(jì)劃，如果同學(xué)們認(rèn)為他/她的公司是最成功的，他/她的公司將獲得更多的資金。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，哈佛商學(xué)院改良其商業(yè)課程，讓學(xué)生實(shí)地工作，走出教室，與人交談并且還給出三個具體的要素。就是讓學(xué)生把學(xué)到的知識運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Otherpeoplemayhavetheirownideasaboutourlives.Wecanvaluetheiradvice,butwedon'thavetotakeittoheart.

Ourparentshavedreamsforus.Theywantustodowellinschoolandtodowhateverisnecessarytoreachourhighestpotential(潛力).Laterinlife,friendsmaytrytosetusupwiththeirideasoftheperfectpartnerortheperfectjob.Peopleclosetousmayhaveideasabouthowweshouldliveourlives,ideasthatusuallycomefromloveandthedesireforustobehappy.Othertimes,theycomefromaplaceofneedwithinthemwhetheritisaparentwhowantsustoliveouthisorherdreamsorafriendwhowantsustoplayagoodrole.Whateverthecase,wecanappreciateandconsiderthosepeople'sadvice,butultimatelywemustfollowourownguidance.

Theremaycomeatimewhenallthesuggestionscanbecomeoverbearing(專橫的).Wemayfeelth