專項(xiàng)五中考題型

重難點(diǎn)28閱讀理解之議論文

議論文閱讀理解解題方法：

一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨

標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對全文起提示、啟迪、

概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的

哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總一分一總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用正面和反面的

論證方式。通常，先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)

文章。通常主題句會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例

之后或之前的表示觀點(diǎn)的陳述句中尋找。

二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解

除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時(shí)

間、地點(diǎn)等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題（按事情發(fā)展順序排序），圖表題（按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形），正誤題（依

據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷）。對這種題型，無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點(diǎn)都應(yīng)是從文章中

找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋

讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對比，有根據(jù)

地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞，

則需要更加留意。此法可以加強(qiáng)閱讀的針對性，提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯

關(guān)系。

三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖

做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時(shí)，對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的

推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主

題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時(shí)文章還會(huì)在時(shí)間順序、空間

順序或邏用推理上運(yùn)用較高級(jí)的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解,

把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會(huì)進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定：

讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后

設(shè)計(jì)一些隱藏在語篇深層的“潛臺(tái)詞”。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測，揣摩文字背后作

者的意圖，運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時(shí)認(rèn)真體會(huì)文章的語

氣與感情基調(diào)。

四、多讀多背，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧

由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感

到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅(jiān)持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量，二

是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測生詞詞義的方法，如I:利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)

系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語或

同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對比或因果推理法等。

總之，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面

入手。通過觀察、體驗(yàn)、探究等積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提

高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖

等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境

能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判

斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。

典例解析

（2021?陜西?統(tǒng)考中考真題）LookattheEarthfromspace.Whydoesourplanetlooksoblue?It'sblue

becausewatercoversalmostthreequartersoftheEarth'ssurface.Waterisnotjustanimportantpartofourplanet.

Itisanimportantpariofourbody,too.Moreihanhalfofourtotalbodyweightiswaler.

Ourbodyloseswaterwheneverweexerciseorgotothetoilet.Thal'swhyweneedtodrinkplentyofwater

everyday.Wedrinkwater.Weuseittocook,clean,andcarrywasteoutofourhomes.Farmersuseittogrow

vegetablesandcropslikericeandcorn;factoriesuseittomakeproducts.

Sincethe1950s,theamount（數(shù)局）ofwaterpeopleusehasincreasedbythreetimes.Butthewatersupply（供

應(yīng)）hasn't.Scientistsworrythatsoontherewon'tbeenoughwaterforus,aswellasfbrtheanimalsandplantsthat

shareourworld.Whatcanwedotohelp?Usewaterwisely.

Havingenoughwaterisn'touronlyproblem.Wealsoneeditclean.

Rightnow,shipsandfactoriesareputtingwastesintoseas,riversandsoon.Evenchemicalsthatfannersuse

arerunningintoriversandlakes.Allthispollutioncanmakethewaterdangeroustodrink.Itcanalsoharmfishand

otherwaterlivinglives.

Wemustdosomethingtostoppollution.It'sthebestwaytoprotectourworld'smostvaluablenaturalresource

（資源）.

1.HowmanyimportantareasofwaterarcmentionedinParagraph1?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

2.Theunderlinedsentence“Wcalsoneeditclean"inParagraph4means”,

A.WealsoneedwatertowashthingsB.Wealsoneedwaterthatlooksclean

C.WealsoneedtokeepwatercleanD.Wealsoneedtodiscovercleanwater

3.Thispassagewaswrittento

A.askpeopletovaluewalerB.advisepeopletodrinkmorewater

C.introducetheusesofwaterD.describethesituationofwatersupply

【短文大意】

本文介紹了水資源對我們的重要性，以及它現(xiàn)在所面臨的問題，呼吁人們要珍惜水資源。

【答案解析】

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Waterisno:justanimportantpartofourplanet.Itisanimportantpartofourbody,too”可

知，水不僅僅是地球的重要組成部分，它也是我們身體的一個(gè)重要部分；一共提到了兩個(gè)水資源的重要區(qū)

域，故選B。

2.句意猜測題。根據(jù)下文“Rightnow,shipsandfactoriesareputtingwastesintoseas,riversandsoon”可知，下

文講述了水污染的情況，所以我們必須要保持水資源是干凈的，劃線句子與C選項(xiàng)的句子同義，故選C。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)"Wemustdosomethingtostoppollution.It'sthebestwaytoprotectourworld'smost

valuablenaturalresource”可知，作者的H的是讓人們珍惜水資源：故選A。

C.Knowledgeforlivingalone.D.Chancestoleamfromourparents.

3.Whohavethesameopiniononlifeskillseducationaccordingtothetext?

A.LiPing,KevinandMary.B.Mrs.Blair,KevinandMary.

C.Mrs.Blair,LiPingandKevin.D.Mrs.Blair,LiPingandMary.

（2022?四川綿陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Doyoupareyourselftootherpeople?Perhapsyourbestfriendreceives

somethingyoureallywant,oryou'renotallowedtogotoaconcertbutyourbrotherorsisteris.Eventhough

parisonsaremonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusing（專注）onyourownprogressisimportantforyour

happiness.

“Wcoftenpareourselvestootherswhoarcdoingbetterornotaswellasourselves?'saysDr.Jack."ButI

suggestparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfiiturcself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou've

achievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.Focusingonyourownpurposesismoreworthwhilethanalways

tryingtoeoutontop.”

paringyourselftothosearoundyouisnaturalandweoftendoitwithoutrealizingit.Itcanhelpustobeclear

aboutourachievementsandtoformfriendshipswithnewpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.However,it's

importanttorememberthatnobodyisperfectinreallife.Il'salsoimportanttotakenoteofhowtheparisonis

makingyoufeel.t4Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,fbcusonyourvwnsLrengihs."saysJack.Inotherwords,youcan

askyourselfquestionslike“WhatcanIdowellin?”，whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself

Maybehereyouarcwondering44Whatifallmyfriendsarcbetterthanme?”.Dr.Whitesaysthatjealousy（妒忌）

isnotbadbutfocusingonbetteringyourownworkcanhelpyoufeeljustassuccessful.Healsomentionsthat

learningtocelebrateyourfriends'successcannotonlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.It

willencourageyoutobuildeachotlierup.

4.WhatdoesthewritertellusinParagraph1?

A.Weshouldparewithothers.B.Weshouldsharethingswithbrothers.

C.Weshouldenjoyconcertswithsisters.D.Weshouldfocusonourownprogress.

5.Whyshouldyoupareyourselftoyourpastself?

A.Tocareaboutothers.B.Tochangeyourpurposes.

C.Tbincreaseyourexcitement.D.Tobeproudofyourachievements.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“yourownstrengths''probablymeaninParagraph3?

A.whatyou,regoodatB.whatyou'veunderstood

C.whatyou'recrazyaboutD.whatyou'veexperienced

7.WhatdoesDr.Whitesuggest?

A.Trustingyourfriends.B.Cheeringontinysuccess.

C.Celebratingothers5success.D.Formingadeepfriendship.

8.Whatwouldbethebesttideforthepassage?

A.PlanYourOwnFutureB.EnjoyYourOwnHappiness

C.RunYourOwnRaceD.FollowYourOwnDream

（2022山東荷澤?中考真題）

Theysayonceyoulearnhowtorideabike,youneverforget.Mostofuslearntwhenwewerekids,andmany

stillshootoffforaridearound（hestreets.Inrecenttimes,cyclinghasseenariseinpopularity,so（hequestionis:

whatmakesitsopopulartopeopletoridetheirbikesonceagain?

First,let'slookatthegoodforhealth.Cyclingcanimproveyourhealthandbumextrabodyfat.Exercising

yourlegshelpstoincreaseyourstrength.Andcycling'sgoodisn'tjustphysical,butmental（精神的）aswell.Along

rideinthecountrysidecouldhelpyoutoclearyourmind,orloweryourworry.Butit'snotonlyaboutyourbody

andmind,therearealsosomegoodsidesforyourwallet's（錢包）health.

Cyclingcanbeagreatwaytogotoworkorgoaroundtown.Bycycling,yousavemoneyinsteadofdrivinga

carortakingabus.Ifyoudrivetowork,sometimesfindingsomewheretoparkcanbeaverydifficultthing.

However,findingsomewherelolockyourbikecanbemuchsimpler.Then,onthebus,therearechangesatstations

andotherpassengersspeakingloudlyontheirphonescodealwith.Cyclistsfaceneitheroftheseproblems.Andif

you'reworriedaboutsafety,therearcspecialcyclewaysinmanybigcities.Wearinghighvisibility（高能見度）

clothingisanotherwaytoimproveyoursafetywhencyclingontheroads.

Finally,cyclingcanalsobegoodfortheenvironment.Itcanhelpyoutoreduceyourcarbonfootprint（碳足跡）.

Notgivinggasesoutintotheairisbetterfortheplanetandyourownenvironment.

So,whetherpeoplewanttocyclefortheirhealth,goingaroundtown,theirwallet,theenvironment,ora

bination（結(jié)合）ofallofthem,thepopularityofcyclingisontherise.

9.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplainareason.

B.Toraiseaquestion.

C.lbgiveanexample.

10.Whatisthemeaningof"wallet'shealth^^inParagraph2?

A.Cyclingsavesmoney.

B.Cyclingwastesmoney.

C.Cyclingkeepsyourwalletsafe.

11.Whyiscyclinggoodfortheenvironment?

A.Itburnsextrabodyfat.

B.Itiseasytolockabicycle.

C.Ithelpsreducecarbonfootprint.

12.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Cyclingforphysicalhealth.

B.Cyclingforsafetyontheroad.

C.Thegrowingpopularityofcycling.

（2022?湖北鄂州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Inmyopinion,China's"DoubleReduction”Policy（“雙減”政策）aimedat

easing（減輕）educationrelatedpressureonparentsandchildreniseffective.Nowtakemyhomeasanexampleto

showhowitworks.

“Dad!Getup!Youpromisedtotakeustothezootoday!”mytwodaughtersshoutedtogetheronerecent

Saturdaymorning.Theclockhadjuststruckseven,butourhousehadalreadygottennoisier（hanthemonkeysin

（hezoo!

Forfamilieswithchildren,weekendshavebccverydifferent.Inthepast,mywifeandIcouldatleastsleepin

（睡懶覺）.Thenat9o'clock,wchadtowakeupthekids.Afterthrowingthemintoatutoringclass（輔導(dǎo)班）,wc

couldenjoyseveralhourstoourselves.Butnow,theseclassesaregonealtogether.Kids,ofcourse,arehappyabout

this.Ever}'TuesdayorWednesdayevening,mygirlswouldaskme,“Wherearewegoingtospendthising

Saturday?”

Luckily,therearcstillsomeclassesforthemtoattend.OnSundays,mygirlsgotolearnballetandchess.They

reallyenjoytheirtimethere.Myelderdaughterisoldenoughtoreadquietlyonherown.Onluckydays,wecan

gethertoreadtogetherwithhersister.Still,aquiet“petition"ison.Mygirlssometimestalkabouthowtheir

classmateshavespentanexcitingweekend.It'stheirwayofplainingaboutmylaziness.

Weekendsaremoretiringnowforparents,butIthinktheyaregoodforkids.Afterall,childhoodshouldbe

morethanjuststudyingschoolsubjects.Itshouldbemorecolorful.

13.Whatistheaimofthe“DoubleReduction”Policy?

A.Toeaseeducationrelatedpressureonparentsandchildren.

B.lbmakeparentsstaywiththeirchildrenatweekends.

C.Tomakeparentshavemoretimeforthemselvesatweekends.

D.lbmakechildrenandtheirparentshaveagoodtimeatweekends.

14.WhatdidthewriterdowithhischildrenonerecentSaturdaymorning?

A.Theytravelledtothecountryside.B.Theywentcamping.

C.Theywenttothezoo.D.Theywenttoatutoringclass.

15.Whenthetutoringclassesaregonealtogether,childrenare.

A.tiredB.sadC.happyD.surprised

16.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Thewriter'selderdaughterisoldenoughtoreadquietlybyherself.

B.The"DoubleReduction5'Policyiseffective.

C.Thewriter'schildrenlearnballetandchessonSundaysnow.

D.Weekendsaremorerelaxingfbrparentsbecauseofthe"DoubleReduction”Policy.

17.Whatmightbethewriter'sattitude（態(tài)度）towardthePolicy?

A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.Doubtful.D.Unsure.

（2022?湖南永州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）OnAugust30,2021,theChinesegovernmentannouncedthatkidswould

notbeallowedtoplayonlinegamesMondaystoThursdays.Onweekendsandholidays,kidswouldbelimited（限

制）toanhouradayofonlinegaming.^Recently,manyparentshavereportedthatplayinggamescrazilyamong

someyouthsandchildrenisseriouslyharmingtheirnormalstudy,lifeandhealth/'theChinesegovernmentsaid

online.Thisnewsgotusthinking.Shouldthegovernmentberesponsibleforlimitinghowmuchtimekidsspend

online?Herearcsomestudcnts'opinions.

EsmeMcNeely,11

Thegovernmentshouldnotsetscreentimelimits.Thatdecisionshouldbeuptoparents.Somechildrenneedto

usescreensforhomework.AndduringtheCOVID19,oneoftheonlywaystotalktofriendswasonline.

Governmentlimitswouldnotbefairtopeoplewhoarecarefulwiththeirscreentime.

LucasBarone,11

Thegovernmentshouldno(limitscreentime.A2021studyfrom(heUniversityofColoradoBouldersays

screenlimemightbelessharmfultokids(hanpeoplethink.Someparentsworrythatchildrenonlinetoomuch

won,tmakefriends.Butthestudyreportsthatscreentimecanactuallyimprovekids'fricndships.Infact,screen

timecanbeeducational.Iusewebsitestoreadandtolearnmath.

XiuhanZhu,9

Ithinkthegovernmentshouldtakeactionandlimitscreentimeforkids.Toomuchscreentimecanleadto

tirednessandlesssocialtime.Peoplewhousesmartphonesaremorelikelytogetintocaraccidents.Electrical

productslikeputerscanalsobeharmfulfbrkids.Ifkidsaren'tcarefulwiththewebsitestheyuse,criminalscanget

importantinformation.

NingLi,10

MostpeoplespendtoomuchtimeontheirphonesandTVs.Theyhurttheireyesandwastetheirtime.And

watchingalotofTVorplayinggamescaninfluencekids,learningandsocialskills.Ifthegovernmentlimited

screentime,peoplewouldbeencouragedtospendmoretimewiththeirfamily.Theymightjoinasportsteamin

theirneighborhood.

18.Whenarekidsallowedtoplayonlinegamesforanhouraday?

A.OnMondays.B.OnWednesday.C.Onweekends.

19.Whoisagainstscreentimelimits?

A.EsmeMcNeely.B.XiuhanZhu.C.NingLi.

20.WhatdocsthestudyfromheUniversityofColoradoBouldershow?

A.Screentimemightdonoharmtokids.

B.Screentimecanimprovekids'friendships.

C.Screentimewon'thelpkidsmakefriends.

21.WhatareNingLi'sopinionsaboutscreentimelimits?

A.Toomuchscreentimecanleadlotiredness.

B.Criminalscangetimportantinformationeasily.

C.Peopleareencouragedtospendmoretimewiththeirfamily.

22.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Screentimecanbeeducational.

B.Screentimecanleadtolesssociallime.

C.Whether(hegovernmentshouldse(screentimelimits.

(2021?甘肅甘南?統(tǒng)考中考真題)Allovertheworld,thousandsofanimalsarcusedforwildlifetourism.

Peopletraveltowatchmonkeyshows,hugbabytigersandswimwithdolphins.Itmightlooklikefun,buttherearc

reportsthatanimalsarchurtnowandagain.TheWorldAnimalProtection(WAP)saysthatupto550,900wild

animalsareexposed(暴露)toilltreatmentaroundtheworld;inCambodia,forexample,it'sbeenreportedthat

elephantshavediedaftercarryingtouristsforlonginhotweather.Thisisgettingattention——over100travelpanies

havepromisedthattheywillnolongeropenupsuchplaces.However,somepeoplearguethatanimaltourismisn't

alwaysasbadasitseems.Sowhatdoyouthink?

GroupYesGroupNo

?Animalsweren'tputonthisplanetfbrenjoyment.?Itisenjoyableandeducationalfbrpeopletoinunicatc

Theyshouldbefreetoliveastheychoose.withthewonderfulanimals.Themorepeopleknow

?Thewayanimalsaretreatedisoftenciuelandcausesaboutthem,themoretheywanttoprotectthem.

muchpain.Eveniftreatedwell,theycannotactinthe?Wildlifetourismbringsmoneytopoorareaandmaybe

samewayastheywouldinthewild.theonlywayforsomepeopletomakealiving.

?Wcdon'tneedwildlifetourism.Wccanseeanimals?Notallanimalsarctreatedbadly.Someendangered

closeupintheirnaturalhomeinTVprograms.There'sanimalsareundertheprotectionofprogramsthatlook

noneedtodisturb(打擾)theminreallife.afterrarespecies(有物種).

23.HowmanywildanimalsarefacingbadtreatmentaccordingtotheWAP?

A.About55,0(X).B.About500,(X)0.C.About550,(X)0.

24.Theunderlinedwords“suchplaces“areplacesfor.

A.foreigntravelersB.wildlifetourismC.wildlifeprotection

25.Whatopiniondothetwogroupshaveinmon?

A.Wildlifeshouldbeprotected.

B.Animalscanlivewherevertheylike.

C.Animaltourismsupportspoorpeople.

26.GroupYessuggeststhatpeopleshouldnotdisturbanimals.

A.inCambodiaB.in（ravelpaniesC.inreallife

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Waysofprotectingrarespecies.

B.Differentopinionsonwildlifetourism.

C.Howtobringtouristenjoyment.

（遼寧阜新?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Schoolhomeworkanduseofelectronicdevices（電子儀器）aremaincauses,a

reportsays.Morethan60%ofchildrenandteensdonotgetadequatesleep,whichcanputtheirhealthatrisk,

accordingtoareportthatcameoutcnSundaybytheChineseSleepResearchSociety.Thereportwasfroma

surveyattheendoflastyearandinJanuary.Itcoverednearly70,000childrenandteensaged6to17acrossthe

Chinesemainland,HongKong,MacaoandTaiwan.

Thereportfoundthattheheavyschoolhomeworkload（負(fù)荷）andthepopularizationofelectronicdevices

werethetwotopcausesfortheinadequatesleep.FromMondaytoThursday,8.4%ofthegroupwouldstillbebusy

withtheirhomeworkafter11p.m.Morethan41%ofchildrenandteenagerswhosleeptoolittleuseelectronic

devices,andchildrenwhoseparentsusesmartphonesinfrontoftheiraremoreprobablytohavelesssleep.Other

reasons,suchasnoiseandlightpollution,madetheproblemhappen,thereportsaid.Thesurveyalsoshowedthat

goodsleepresultsinhigherefficiency（效率）instudy.

GaoXuemei,vice—presidentcf（hesociety,saidstudieshaveshownthatdecreasing（減少）sleepinglimefor

childrenandteenagershasbeenaglobaltrend（全球趨勢）inthepast10years,buttheproblemappearstobeworse

inEastAsia,includingChina,largelybecauseofaheavierloadofschoolhomework.

“Lack（缺失）ofsleepamongchildrenandteenagersisworthpayinghighattentionto,becauseitcanseriously

affecttheirhealthandgrowth,"shesaid."Suchagroupshouldsleepatleasteighthoursaday,“sheadded.<kSleep

developsgrowth,protectsthebrainandimprovestheimmunesystem（免疫系統(tǒng)）shesaid.“Longtermlackof

sleepwillbringrisksofdiseases（疾?。゛ndconditionssuchasdementia（癡呆）andcauselastinghealthharm.^^

28.Theword"adequate"inParagraph1probablymeans”

A.enoughB.muchC.necessaryD.helpful

29.Thetwotopcausesfortheinadequatesleepare.

A.noiseandtheheavyschoolhomework

B.lightpollutionand（heheavyschoolhomework

C.（heheavyschoolhomeworkandelectronicdevices

D.electronicdevicesandnoise

30.Fromthepassagewccanlearn.

A.themorechildrensleep,thehighertheirgradesarc

B.parentsinfluencetheirchildrenlessiftheyusesmartphones

C.noiseandlightpollutionplayanimportantroleinthesleepingproblem

D.childreninEastAsiamaylackmoresleepthanthoseinotherpartsoftheworld

31.SleephelpsusalotEXCEPT.

A.developinggrowth

B.protecting（hebrain

C.improvingtheimmunesystem

D.bringingrisksofdiseases

32.Thewriterwantsbythepassage.

A.tofindoutthereasonsfbrchildren'sinadequatesleep

B.tostopchildrenandteenagersusingelectronicdevices

C.us（opayhighattentiontolackofsleepamongchildrenandteenagers

D.ustocutdownchildrenandteenagers'heavyschoolhomework

（江蘇鎮(zhèn)江?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Haveyoueverwonderedhowwcknowthethingsthatwcknow?Howdowc

know,forexample,thatthestarsarcreallyhugeballsoffireliketheSunandveryfaraway?Andhowdowcknow

thattheEarthisasmallerballturningroundoneofthosestars,theSun?

Thekeytothesequestionsis“evidence”,whichmeansthefacts,signsorobjectsthatmakeyoubelieve

somethingistrue.

smelling...feeling...ansactually］實(shí)際上)seeing(orhearing,feeling,smelling...)thatsomethingistrue.

AstronautshavetravelledfarenoughfromtheEarthtoseewiththeirowneyesthatitisround.Sometimesoureyes

needhelp.The“eveningstar"lookslikebrighttwinkleinthesky,butwithatelescope(望遠(yuǎn)鏡)youcanseethatit

isabeautifulball.Somethingthatyoulearnbydirectseeing(orhearingorfeeling...)iscalledanobservation.

Oftenevidenceisn'tjustobservationonitsown.butobservationalwayshidesatthebackofit.Ifthere'sbeen

amurder,oftennobody(exceptthemurdererand(hedeadperson!)actuallyobservedi(.Butdetectivescangather

togetherlotsofotherobservationswhichmayallpointtowardsthesuspect.Ifaperson'sfingerprintsmatchthose

foundonaknife,thisisevidencethathetouchedit.Itdoesn'tprovethathedidthemurder,butitcanhelpwhenit's

joinedupwithlotsofotherevidence.

Prediction(預(yù)測)helpstolookforevidence.Scientistsmakeaguessaboutwhatmightbetrue.Forexample,if

theworldisrcallyround,wccanpredictthatanyofus,goingonandoninthesamedirection,shouldeventually

findourselvesbackwherewestarted.

Peoplesometimessaythatyoumustbelieveinfeelingsdeepinside,butnotalltheinsidefeelingsarereal

evidence.

Whatcanwedoaboutallthis?Whensomebodytellsyousomethingthatsoundspossible,thinktoyourself:

4isthereanyevidenceforthat?^^And,nexttimesomebodytellsyouthatsomethingistrue,whynotsaytothem:

“Whatkindofevidenceisthereforthat?^^Remember,alwaysthinkcarefullybeforeyoubelieveaword.

33.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Whatyouseedirectlyisrealevidence.

B.Predictionhelpstoprovesomethingifitistrue

C.peopleshouldalwaysbelievetheirinsidefeelings.

D.AstronautsfindtheEarthisroundwithatelescope

34.Whydoesthewriteruse(heexampleofadetectiveinParagraph4?

A.Toexplainwhatthepredictionis.B.Totellwhaiobservationiscalled.

C.lbintroducehowdetectiveswork.D.Toproveevidenceisnotjustobscnzation

35.Theunderlinedword“eventually“inParagraph5means.

A.finallyB.probablyC.pletelyD.luckily

36.What,sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.EvidencespeaksB.Scientistsmakepredictions

C.InsidefeelingshelpgetideasD.Observationoffersthefacts

（2021?江蘇泰州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Justtheotherday,IwasinabookshopandfoundabooknamedHowiomakefriendswithforeigners.Asa

CanadianlivinginChinaforayear,IwascurioustoseewhatkindofadviceaChinesewritergivingcn（hismatter.

Onepieceofadvicereallycaughtmyattentionand,1mustsay,mademefeelquiteangry.Inthewriter's

opinion,foreignersarcan"opportunity（機(jī)會(huì)）"toimproveyouroralEnglish;wheneveryouseeaforeigner,

AmericanorEnglish,youshouldpractisespeakingEnglishwithhimorher.Iftheforeignerdoesn'twanttoanswer

yourquestions,thenheorsheisarudepersonwhoyouwouldn'twanttospendtimewithanyway.Ithinkthis

adviceisnotonlyincorrect,butalsomayharmtherelationshipbetweenChineseandforeignersinChina.

Likemostother"LaoWai"livinginChina,Iknowhowlonelyonecansometimesfeellivinginaculture

differentfromourownfamiliar（熟悉的）ways.However,Isimplyacceptaspartofbeinghere.Sofarmytimein

Chinahasbeenrewarding.IhaveimprovedmyChineselanguageskills,learnedaboutoneofthefastestdeveloping

countriesintheworldtodayandmadesomeverycloseChinesefriends.

...ever,IhavealsometmanyChinesepeoplewhoconsidermeonlyasan"opportunity"toimprovetheiroral

English.IhavehadpeoplefollowingmefromtowntomyflattotroublemetoteachthemEnglish.Ihavehadplete

strangersthrowingarticlesorspeechesinmyface,insistingthatIhelpthemwiththeEnglishtranslation.Ihavehad

peopleaskingmenonstopquestionsforhalfanhourattheweeklyEnglishCorner...

Friendshipforalotofforeignersisaboutspendingtimewithsomeonewhosepany（陪伴）theyreallyenjoy.

Soif（hereisanyadvicetogiveonmakingandkeepingfriendshipswithforeigners,Iwouldsay（hatitisthis:Treat

foreignersaspeople,notopportunities.Expecttomakefriendshipsstepbystep,overaperiodoflime,notinarush.

IfyouronlyreasonforbeingfiendswithaforeigneristoimproveyourEnglish,thenyouwillprobably

findthatyoudon'thaveaforeignfriendfbrlong.

37.Whereisthewriterofthispassagefrom?

A.AmericaB.ChinaC.CanadaD.England

38.Whyisthewriterofthepassageinterestedinthebook"Howtomakefriendswithforeigners"?

A.BecausehewantstohavesomemorecloseChineseFriends.

B.BecausehehasgreatlyimprovedhisChineselanguageskills,

C.BecausenoChinesepeoplewouldliketomakefriendswithhim.

D.BecausehewantstoknowabouttheChinesewriter'sadviceonthistopic.

39.Accordingtothewriterofthebook"Howtomakefriendswithforeigners"..

A.hisadvicemaymakeforeignersangry

B.itisrudeofyoutoaskaforeignerquestions

C.youshouldchooseagoodforeignertopractiseEnglishwith

D.don'twastetimeonaforeignerwhodoesn'tansweryourquestions

40.Inthefourthparagraph,thewriteruses"Ihavehad...11threetimes,because.

A.hehadnobettersentencestoexpresshisideas.

B.hewantedtoshowhowhehatectomakefriendswithChinese.

C.hewantedtoshowhowhehatedtobetreatedasan“opportunity”.

D.hemetChinesewhowantedtomakefriendswithhimonlythreetimes.

41.Whichsentencemaybethebesttofillin（he""intheIasiparagraph?

A.Truefriendshipsstand（經(jīng)得起）thetestoftime.

B.Learnaboutdifferentculturestomakerealfriends.

C.Friendsarcaboutopportuni