專題15閱讀理解之說明文

復習目標

閱讀理解綜合考查學生對英語語言知識的運用，題型包括詞義猜測題、細節(jié)理解題、脈絡理解題、推理推斷題、

主旨大意題等。題材廣泛，包括故事、FI常生活、人物傳記、科普知識、社會文化、自然風光等，體裁有記敘文、

議論文、說明文和應用文。本專題目的在于幫助學生提高說明文的解題能力，以幫助同學們高效復習。

真題透視

（2023?江蘇鹽城）AteamofChinesescientistsandclimbersreachedthetopofQomolangmap.m.about12:30p.m.

onTuesday,May23.Il'sthesecondtimesincelastyearfbrthescienceexpedition（考察）teamtoreach（hetop.

Theteamwasmadeupof13Chinesescientistsandclimbers.Theysetoffataheightof8,300metresa.m.thetopat

about3a.m.Aftermorethan8hoursofhardclimbing,theyarrivedatthe8,830mctrcweatherstation.

Afterfixingsteelropes,changingbatteriesandputtinginwindspeedanddirectionsensors（傳感器），theyfinished

improvingtheworld'shighestautomated（自動化的）weatherstation,whichwassetupbyChinesescientistslastyear.

Besides,theycollectedicesnowsamplesonthelopforfurtherresearch.

Theweatherstationrecordstemperatures,windspeedsandotherkeydataforstudyingclimatechange.Climate

scientistshavefoundthatglobalwarminghashadalargeinfluenceontheglaciernumberontheQinghaiTibetPlateau（青

藏高原）.

Overthelastfiftyyears,thetemperatureontheQinghaiTibetPlateauhasrisenabout0.5℃everytenyears.Studying

theecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）oftheQinghaiTibetPlateauwillhelpscientistshaveabetterunderstandingoftheinfluenceof

climatechange,andhelpscientistsand（hegovernmentmakeproperdecisions.

Sincethemid20lhcentury.ChinahassentdifferentresearchexpeditionteamstoQomolangma.Butbecauseoflimited

resourcesandtechnologies,manykeyscientificquestionsarestillunanswered,suchaswhetherglobalwarmingcanmelt

theiceatthetopofQomolangma,andhowecosystemcanchangeasheightincreasestoextremity.

1.HowmanytimeshastheChinesescienceexpeditionteamreachedthetopsincelastyear?

A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.D.Fourtimes.

2.Whichparagraphbestdescribesthepicturebelow?

A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.

3.WhatdocsParagraph5mainlytalkabout?

A.Thewayofscicniisisstudyingclimaiechange.

B.Theeffortofgovernmenttosolveclimatechange.

C.Theinfluenceofclimatechangeon(heQinghaiTibetPlateau.

D.TheimportanceofstudyingecosystemoftheQinghaiTibetPlateau.

4.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.Theteamsetoffataheightof8,830metresa.m.thetopatabout3a.m.

B.Theteamcollectedrocksamplesonthetopforfurtherresearch.

C.Chinahassetuptheworld'shighestautomatedweatherstationsofar.

D.Allthekeyscientificquestionshavebeenansweredup(onow.

【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.C

【導語】本文主要講述了中國科學家利用氣象站去研究珠穆朗瑪峰的氣候變化情況以及全球變暖對青藏高原的

影響。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"It'sthesecondtimesincelastyearfbrthescienceexpedition（考察）teamtoreachthetop."可

知，自去年以來，中國科學考察隊登頂了兩次，故選Be

2.推理判斷題題。根據(jù)圖片的展示可知，圖片展示的是科學家和登山者到達氣象站的情況，與第二段表達的內(nèi)

容一致，故選B。

3.段落大意題。根據(jù)“Overthelastfiftyyears,thetemperatureontheQinghaiTibetPlateauhasrisenabout0.5℃

everytenyears.Studyingtheecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）oftheQinghaiTibetPlateauwillhelpscientistshaveabetter

understandingoftheinfluenceofclimatechange,andhelpscientistsandthegovernmentmakeproperdecisions.“可知，

本段主要是介紹研究青藏高原的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性，故選Do

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Afterfixingsteelropes,changingbatteriesandputtinginwindspeedanddirectionsensors（傳

感器）：theyfinishedimprovingtheworld'shighestautomated（自動化的）weatherstation,whichwassetupbyChinese

scientistslastyear.”可知，到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)建立了世界上最高的自動化氣象站。故選C。

（2023?江蘇常州）Scientistswhostudyhappinesshaveevidence:證據(jù)）loshowthatbeingkindtootherscanresult

inhappiness.Actsassimpleasbuyingacupofcoffeefbrsomeonecanliftaperson'smood,forexample.Everydaylifeis

fullofchancesforsuchactions,yetpeopledonotalwaysmakethemostofthem.

Instudies,behavioralscientistNicholasEpleyandIexaminedapossibleexplanation:peoplewhodokindacts

underestimate（低估）howmuchtheonesreceivingkindnessvaluetheirbehavior.

Intheexperimems（實驗），about1,00（）peoplewereaskediodosomeactions（omakesomeoneelsefeelgood.We

askedboththepersonperforming（執(zhí)行）thekindactandtheonereceivingittoanswersomequestions.Theperformers

wereaskedtoreporttheirownexperienceandtoguesshowthereceiversmightfeel.Wewantedtounderstandhowvaluable

peopleconsideredtheseactstobe,soboth（heperformerandreceiverhadtorate（評分）how“big”theactseemed.Inall

cases,weparedtheperformer'sexpectationsofthereceiver'smoodwitnthereceiver'sactual（實際的）experience.

Forone,bothperformersandreceiversexperiencedmorepositive（積極的）moods.Foranother,thereceiversfelt

muchbetterthanthekindperfbnnersexpected.Thereceiversalsoratedtheseactsas“bigger"thanthepeopleperforming

themdid.

Atfirst,westudiedactsofthekindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople,suchasfriends,classmatesorfamily.Butwefound

thatperformersunderestimatedtheirpositiveinfluencesonstrangersaswell.Inoneexperiment,performersinapublic

parkgaveawayhotchocolateonacoldwinter'sdaytopeoplethatjusthappenedtobenearby.Again,thekindactbrought

morehappinessthantheperformersexpected.

Thesefindingssuggest（hatwhatmightseemsmallcouldmatteragreatdealtothepersonwedoitfbr.Considering

thesewarmactionscanimproveourownmoodandbrighten（hedayofanotherperson,whynotchoosekindnesswhenwe

can?

5.Whatdidthereceiversdoin（heexperiments?

A.Theyshowedkindnesstoothers.

B.Theyguessedtheperfbnners'feelings.

C.Theyratedhowvaluabletheperformers'actofkindnesswas.

D.Theyparedtheperformers'expectationswiththeiractualresults.

6.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Differentpurposesoftheresearch.B.Moreevidencefortheresearchresults.

C.PossibleinfluencesoftheresearchHndings.D.Anotherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

7.Whatisthewriter'sattitude（態(tài)度）towardsshowingkindness（oothers?

A.Supportive.B.Unclear.C.Doubtful.D.Uninterested.

8.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Beingkindcanreduceone'shappinessasexpected.

B.Kindnesscanhaveunexpectedlypositiveinfluences.

C.Choosingkindnessismoredifficultthanexpected.

D.Showingkindnessismorevaluablethanreceivingit.

【答案】5.C6.B7.A8.B

【導語】本文主要介紹了研究表明，善良會產(chǎn)生意想不到的積極影響。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“boththeperformerandreceiverhadtorate（評分）how'big'iheactseemed”可知接受者都必

須對善意行為的程度進行評分。故選C。

6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)people...theestudiedactsofthekindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople...thekindactbroughtmore

happinessthantheperformersexpected/,DJ知本段主要介紹/一些證明研究結(jié)果的更多證據(jù)。故選B。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“whynotchoosekindnesswhenwccan?”可知作者建議我們要選擇善良，所以作者對于對別

人友善的行為是支持的。故選A。

8.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了研究表明，善良會產(chǎn)生意想不到的積極影響。故選B。

（2023?江蘇南通）Climatechange（氣候變化）hasbroughtaseriouswarningtothelivingareasoftheSiberian

crane,increasingtheneedtobetterprotectthebirdsandtheirmigratorychannels（遷徙路徑）,anexpertsaid.

TheSiberiancranebreeds（繁殖）innorllicaslSiberiainRussiaandflicsloPoyangLakeR>rLhuwinicrinEastChina's

JiangxiProvince.About95percentofthebirdsspendtheseasoninPoyang.

QianFawen,aresearchprofessorfromtheNationalBirdBandingCenterofChina,saidthatPoyang'swaterlevels

decidewhetheritissuitableforthebirdstolivethere.However,climatechangehasmadethelevelschangeoften.4in

someyears,thelakeexperiencesfloods;inothers,itexperiencesdroughts.Bothofthesesituationscreatefoodshortages

inthecranes5livingareaJhesaid.

TheSiberiancraneislistedasseriouslyendangeredontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedList.

“Wcneedtoprotecttheirlivingarea,whichismainlywetland,sothatwecanprotectthemJQiansaid.

IntherecentlyannouncedNationalActionPlanfortheProtectionofBirdMigrationChannels(),1,140placesin

Chinawereconsideredasimportantbreedinggrounds,winteringgroundsandstayingstops,includingPoyangandthe

YellowRiverwetlandinNingxia.Theplansaidthatthegovernmentshouldwatchandcountthenumberofmigratory

birdsandpayfannersforlossescausedbythebirds.

SinceChinajoinedtheRamsarConventiononWetlandsin1992,ithasdesignated(指定)202,600hectaresofwetland

asWetlandsofIniemationalImponance.Theystoreandcleanwaler,kespallkindsoflivingthings,helpsiorefloodsand

preventdroughts.AccordingtoaplanannouncedbythecentralgovernmentinOctober,by2025,Chinawillhaveprotected

55percentofitswetlands.

AftertheWetlandsProtectionLaw,thenation'sfirstlawtoprotectwetlands,wasintroducedonJune1,2022,plete

protectionwasstrengthened.Thelawclearlyexplainedwhatthegoverninentshoulddoandintroducedstrictpunishment

forpeoplewhodestroywetlandareas.Itlimitsbuildingatimportantnationalwetlandsanditdoesn'tallowharmful

activities,includingusingthemasfarrrlands,leavingwastewatereverywhere,harvestingandfishingtoomuch.

KeynaturereservemanagementofficesinChinahavereportedmorebirdswinteringinthenation'swetlands,

includingsomenewrarekinds.▲

9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2toParagraph4?

A.About95percentoftheSiberiancranesspendtheirwinterinPoyangLake.

B.ClimatechangehaslittleinfluenceontheSiberiancranes'livingareainPoyang.

C.TheSiberiancraneswillliveinPoyangallyearroundifthewetlandisprotected.

D.WaterlevelsdecidethatPoyangLakeisn,tsuitablefbrtheSiberiancranestolive.

10.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsisrightatimportantwetlands?

?buildinghouses?makingfarmlands?limitingfishing

?leavingwastewater?watchingbirds

A.?@B.②④C.③⑤D.@?

11.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?

A.TheproblemtheSiberiancranesfaceandthewayspeopleprotectwetlands.

B.ThereasonwhytheSiberiancranesmigrateandtheplacetheyusuallystayin.

C.TheimportanceofprotectingtheSiberiancranesandtheresultitwillleadto.

D.Thelossofwetlandsandtheactionsthathavealreadybeentakentohelpthem.

12.Whatwillthewriterprobablycontinuetowritein"▲"inParagraph8?

A.Peoplehavedonesomethingtoprotectwetlands.

B.Thenumberofthebirdshasincreasedinwetlands.

C.Expertswillgoontodootherresearchonwetlands.

D.Thegovernmentwillmakemorelawstoprotectwetlands.

【答案】9.A10.C11.A12.B

【導語】本文主要介紹了西伯利亞鶴面臨的問題以及人們保護濕地的方式。

9,細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Aboui95percentofthebirdsspendtheseasoninPoyang.”可知大約95%的鳥類在鄱陽湖度

過冬天。故選A。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"thegovernmentshouldwatchandcountthenumberofmigratorybirds”可知政府應該觀察和

統(tǒng)計候鳥的數(shù)量,即⑤；根據(jù)“itdoesn'tallowharmfulactivities,includingusingthemasfarmlands,leaving

wastewatereverywhere,hancstingandfishingtoomuch.”可知不允許過度捕撈，即要限制捕撈，即③。故選C。

II.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹「西伯利業(yè)鶴面唯的問題以及人們保護濕地的方式。故選A。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"KeynaturereservemanagementofficesinChinahavereportedmorebirdswinteringin(he

nation'swetlands,includingsomenewrarekinds”可知中國主要自然俁護區(qū)管理辦公室報告稱，有更多的鳥類在中

國濕地越冬，其中包括一些新的稀有物種，可見濕地的鳥類數(shù)量在增加，選項B“濕地中的鳥類數(shù)量有所增加”

符合語境。故選B。

Petparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated,accordingtoscientists.

Thestudy,whichinvolvedgivingthebirdsaputcrthattheycouldusetomakevideocalls,foundthattheybeganto

engageinmoresocialbehaviorsincludingpreening,singingandplaying.Thebirdsweregivenachoiceofwhich"fyicnd”

tocallonatouchscreenputcrandthestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopular

choices.

HyenaHirskyjDouglas,oftheUniversityofGlasgowandacoauthorofthestudy,saidthatvideocallshadhelped

manypeoplefeellessisolatedinthelastfewyears.Sheadded,“Thereare20millionpanotslivinginpeople'shomesin

theUSA,andwewanted(oexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingloo.Ifwegavethem(he

chancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldtheexperiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircarcgivers?^^

Theirstudyof18pctparrotssuggestedthattherewere,indeed,benefitsforthebirds.Inthewild,manyspeciesof

parrotsliveinlargegroups,butaspetstheyarc,keptaloneorinasmallgroup.Livingalonecancausebirds,todevelop

mentalproblems,whichincluderocking,walkingbackandforth,orselfliarmingbehaviorssuchasfeatherplucking.

Theparrotsfirstlearnedtoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonthescreenofaputertomakeacall

tothatbird,withthehelpoftheirowners.Intotalthebirdsmade147callstoeachotherduringthestudy,whileowners

tookdetailednotesonthebirds'behaviorandtheresearcherslaterreviewedthevideofbotage.

JenniferCunhaofNortheasternUniversitysaidthattheparrots“seemedtoknow55thattheywereniunicatingwith

otherbirds."Allthebirdownersinthestudysaidtheyvaluedtheexperience,andwouldwanttocontinueusingthesystem

withtheirparrotsinthefuture,Mshesaid.

“Iwasquitesurprisedatsomanydifferentbehaviors,MsaidHirskyjDouglas.<4Somcwouldsing,somewouldplay

aroundandgoupsidedown,otherswouldwanttoshowanotherbirdtheirtoys.”

13.Themainpurposeofthestudyistofindout.

A.ifparrotscanlearntomakevideocallsB.ifparrotscanbenefitfromvideocalling

C.whyparrotscanhavesomanybenefitsD.whyparrotscandevelopmentalproblems

14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetparrots?

A.Theirwaytomunicateissinging.B.Mostofthemusee(oliveinlargegroups.

C.Themostpopularonesmademostcalls.D.Theycanmakevideocallsbythemselves.

15.Whichwordhastheclosestmeaningto“isolated”?

A.amazedB.calmC.scaredD.lonely

16.Thefollowingparagraphcanbestgoafter.

Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingtoRebeccaKleinberger,of

NortheasternUniversityandfirstauthorofthestudy.

A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D，Paragraph4

【答案】13.B14.C15.D16.C

【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹研究人員使用視頻通話幫助寵物鸚鵡擺脫孤獨。

13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Therearc20millionparrotslivinginpeople'shomesintheUSA,andwcwantedtoexplore

whetherthosebirdsmightbenefit（受益）fromvideocallingtoo.”可知，在美國，有2000萬只鸚鵡生活在人們的家

中，我們想探索一下這些鸚鵡是否也能從視頻通話中受益。由此可知，這項研究的主要目的是找出鸚鵡是否能

從視頻通話中受益。故選B。

14.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"thestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopular

choices”可知，研究表明，最常叫其他鳥類的鸚鵡是最受歡迎的選擇。由此可知，最受歡迎的打r最多的電話。

故選C。

15.詞句猜測題。分析“Petpanotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelingless

isolated”可知，被允許與其他鳥類進行視頻通話的寵物鸚鵡顯示出感覺不那么孤立的跡象，此處:solated的意思

是“孤立的"，故選D。

16.推理判斷題。分析“Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingto

RebeccaKleinberger,ofNortheasternUniversityandfirstamhorofihesuidy.東北人學的麗貝卡?克萊因伯格是這項研

究的第一作者，她表示視頻通話可以再現(xiàn)群體生活的一些社會效益?！笨芍?，本句介紹的是該研究中視頻通話的

效益，與第三段結(jié)尾“Ifwegavethemthechancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldthe

experiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircaregivers?”語境相符,邏輯相連。故選Co

（2023?江蘇揚州）Thescientificmethodisusedforsimpleexperimentsthatstudentsmaydointheclassroomor

verydifficultexperimentsthatscientistsaredoingallovertheworld.Ilisawayofthinkingthathelpsyouloavoiddrawing

incorrectconclusions.

Thereareusuallyfourstepsinthescientificmethod,includingobservation（觀察），hypothesis（假設），experiment,

andconclusion.Thestepsmaynotalwaysbeplctcdinthesameorder,butthefirststepisusuallyobservationandasking

aquestionaboutyourobservation.Forexample,youhadasickstomach,andateacandybar.Anhourlater,youobserved

thatyoufeltmuchbetter.Here,youcanaskaquestion,suchas,“Whatmakesasickstomachfeelbetter?”

Thesecondstepistostateapossibleanswertothequestion,orahypothesis,suchas""Agoodhypothesis

includesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutesor

conclusions.

Thethirdstepistheexperiment,totestthehypothesis.Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchalengeorsupport

thehypothesis.Thehypothesiswillthenbetrueorfalse.

Thefinalstepistothinkaboutwhathappenedwhenyoutestedthehypothesisanddrawaconclusion.Theconclusion

willeitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.Iftheresultssupportthehypothesis,aconclusioncanbewritten

andyoucanshareitwiththerestoftheworld.Ifitdoesnotsupportthehypothesis,youmaychoosetochangethe

hypothesisorwriteanewonebasedonwhatwaslearnedduringtheexperiment.

17.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Howdo（hefourbasicstepsinthescientificmethodwork?

B.Whatmakesagoodhypothesisbasedontheobservation?

C.Theconclusionwillalwaysclearlysupportthehypothesis.

D.Learningthescientificmethodmayhelpstudentssucceedinscience.

18.WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagraph3?

A.Acandybarmakesasickstomachfeelbetter.

B.Itwasthemedicineyoutookanhourearlierthatmadeyoufeelbetter.

C.Eatacandybaragain,andsecwhathappenstoyoursickstomach.

D.Askpeopleifeatingacandybarhasmadeasickstomachfeelbetter.

19.Whaidoes（heunderlinedwordintheIasiparagraphreferto（指的是）？

A.Thehypothesis.B.Theconclusion.

C.Thequestion.D.Theobservation.

20.WhichofthefollowingsentencesabouttheexperimentisTRUE?

A.Anexperimentisatesttoalwayssupportthehypothesis.

B.Anexperimentdoesnothavetobepailofthescientificmethod.

C.Anexperimentisatesttoeitherchallengeorsupportahypothesis.

D.Anexperimentisonlyusedwhenscientistsaretryingtoproveahypothesis.

【答案］17.A18.A19.B20.C

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了基本科學方法包括四個步驟：觀察、假設、實驗和結(jié)論。

17.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了基本科學方法包括四個步驟：觀察、假設、實驗和結(jié)論。選項A”科學方法的

四個基本步驟是如何工作的？”最能表達出文章主旨。故選Ao

18.掛理判斷題。根據(jù)"Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfbrtheobservations,itisabletobe

tested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutesorconclusions.（一個好的憤設包括三件事：對觀察結(jié)果的解釋，它能

夠被檢驗，它通常會預測新的結(jié)果或結(jié)論。）”可知A選項“一塊糖能讓惡心的胃感覺好一點。”是一個好的假

設，是一個解釋，且能夠被檢驗。故選A。

19.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)"Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.“可知此處"it”指代前面

的“Theconclusion”，表示“結(jié)論要么明確地支持假設，要么結(jié)論不支持假設”。故選B。

20.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.”可知實驗是一

種挑戰(zhàn)或支持假設的測試。故選C。

閱讀理解之說明文

一、文章特點

說明文是以說明為主要表達方式來解說事物或闡明事理的文章體裁。說明文i般采用平實的語言客觀地解釋

或探討各種問題，如動物的特征、介紹新生事物、自然或社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因等等。說明事物可采用多種方式:

舉例法、對比法、給事物下定義法、使用數(shù)據(jù)、圖片法等等。無論采用什么說明方法，作者都是為了說明事物的

本質(zhì)特征，清晰地展現(xiàn)所說明的事物。說明文條理十分清晰；時態(tài)上多為一般現(xiàn)在時。

二、出題特點

1.細節(jié)理解題：2.生詞詞義判斷題；3.標題判斷題；4.主旨大意題；5.文章結(jié)構(gòu)題；6.觀點態(tài)度題。

三、閱讀方法

閱讀說明文的關(guān)鍵：抓住事物的特點，即抓住說明對象的本質(zhì)特征。

1.明確說明對象。閱讀事物說明文，首先從整體入手，把握文章的說明對象是什么；閱讀事理說明文，首先弄

清文章說明了什么事理。可以通過把握段落主題句來明確說明對象。

2.逐段概括要點，理清說明順序。概括要點要重視首尾句的作用，重視概念句或解說性語句的作用。閱讀時可

以把這些語句勾畫出來。

3.整體感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之問是并列、遞進還是總分美系；是由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)，還是由個別到一般，

或是從結(jié)果到原因。最后總結(jié)出文章的中心思想。

四、解題技巧

1.閱讀做標記。在閱讀的時候可給段落標.上序號，并給重要的句子和關(guān)鍵詞匯做上記號，尤其是各段中心句，

為答題提供更快捷、更多的信息。

2.審清題干。發(fā)掘和把握試題中有效的提示性信息，確認命題的角度、閱讀范圍和答題方式.

3.定位閱演，強化對應怠識。絕大部分的說明義閱讀題都有一個共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和間接從選

段中找到依據(jù)?；卮饐栴}時要注意原文利用和自我加工相結(jié)合。

新題特訓

（2023?江蘇南京??？家荒＃?/p>

ApolicedramabasedonrealorganizedcrimecasesishelpingeducatethepublicabouttheValueoftheruleoflaw

andtheirrights,expertssaid.

Aspecialcampaignlaunchedbythecentralgovernmentonfightingorganizedcrimeandlegaldepartments'

rectificationmeasuresarcusedasmuchofthebackgroundforTheKnockout.

Thedramatellsthestoryofapoliceofficer'sfightagainstorganizedcrimeover20years,andshowstheriseand

demiseofunderworldfiguresandcorruptofficials.

Ithasreceivedaratingof9.1outof10onDouban,oneofChina'smostvisitedreviewplatforms,andhasbeeoneof

ihemostdiscussedtopicsonsocialmediasincemidJanuary.ThedramabeganscreeningonChinaCentralTelevisionand

streamingplatformiQiyionJan14.withatotalof39episodestobeaired.

Manyviewershaveapplaudedtheshow'splotlinesandtheactors'performances,andalsopraisedtheeffortsofpolice

officersinbattlingorganizedcrime.

AccordingtothemissionforPoliticalandLegalAffairsofthemunistPartyofChinaCentralmittee,from2018to

2020,authoritiesbusted3,644mafialikegangsand11,675othercriminalgangs,detained237,000suspectsand

investigated89,700casesof"protectiveumbrellas"，areferencetoofficialswhohidegangsters'crimes.

WeiPengju,directoroftheInstituteofCulturalEconomicsattheCentralUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsin

Beijing,saidTheKnockoutresonatedwithviewersonanemotionallevel.Reactionstotheprogramalsoreflectedhowthe

publicperceivedtheworkandachievementsofthenationinbatingorganizedcrimeandbuildingasoundlegalenvironment.

“Storiesoffightingorganizedcrimearcoftenattractivetoaudiences,andthisreflectspeople'sexpectationsandtrust

inadvancingruleoflaw.Thehatredofgangstersandthepursuitofjusticeamongviewersisthesame,whichisthesimplest

understandingofalawbasedsociety,saidZhiFeina,aprofessorattheFilmandTelevisionResearchInstituteofthe

ChineseNationalAcademyofArts.

Zhisaidthatthepositivesentimentcreatedbytheauthorities5crackdownonorganizedcrimeisanimportantreason

fbrthedrama'ssuccess.Thishasalsopromotedtheideaoftheruleoflaw,sheadded.

21.WhatisthetypeofTheKnockout^

A.Ahorriblefilm.B.Aseriousdrama.C.Adetectivestory.D.Anexcitingnovel.

22.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordbestdescribesTheKnockout

A.Popular.B.Humorous.C.Romantic.D.Funny.

23.Whatcanwclearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

A.ThedirectorofTheKnockoutdesignedtheplotonthebasisofhisimagination.

B.Thepolicedefeatedunderworldfiguresandcorruptofficialsafter20yearsinTheKnockout.

C.Formonpeople.TheKnockoutisnotworthwatching.

D.AspecialcampaignwaslaunchedsuccessfullybythecentralgovernmentbecauseofTheKnockout.

24.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph7?

A.ThethoughtsinTheKnockoutareoppositetotheonesofviewers.

B.Viewerscouldn'tunderstandTheKnockoutonanemotionallevel.

C.TheKnockoutcaughtviewers'attentionsuccessfully.

D.WhatTheKnockoutshowedwasprettyimportanttoviewers.

25.WhichsayingbestexpressesthethemeofTheKnockout'1

A.Beuerlateihannever.B.After（herainesihesunshine.

C.Everycloudhasasilverlining.D.Justiceandfairnessmaybelate,butshallneverabsent.

（2023?江蘇泰州?統(tǒng)考二模）Thewinnersofthemostrespectedawardsintheworld—theNobelPrize—were

announcedlastweek.AccordingtothefounderAlfredNobel,theprizerecognizespeoplewhohaveprovided“thegreatest

benefit（利益）tohumankind”.

Fourteenoutstandingpeople,includingscientists,politiciansandauthors,wonawardsintheprize'ssixcategories

（類另U）.Manyofthewinnershaveonethinginmon:Theachievementstlieymakedatebackyearsago.Forexample,John

B.Goodenough,oneofthethreewinnersofthisyear'schemistryprize,is97yearsold,theoldestpersonever（owina

NobelPrize.Heandtheothertwoscientistswontheprizefordeveloping（helithiumion（鋰離子）batteriesthatweuse

todayinmobilephones,laptopsandelectriccars.Thetechnologywasfirstdevelopedinthe1970s,nearly5（）yearsago.

Thereasonwhyitlooksolongforthisachievementtoberecognizedisthatittakestimetosee（herealvalueofa

newbreakthrough.t4Everyyear,therearelotsofclaimsofamazingdiscoveries,butquiteafewofthemturnouttobenot

quiteasamazingaseveryonethought,saidSvenLidin,fbrmerchairmanoftheNobelmitteeforChemistry."Wewantto

makesurethatweawardthosewhoopenthefirstdoorintonewscientificinsight.Thismeansthatnaturallythereisa

delay.■^

Buthowcantheymakesurethattheyhavechosentherightwinners?Theydependonqualifiednominators.Every

year,thousandsofpeopleareinvitedtonominatecandidates（候選人）fortheNobelPrize.Theyincludeuniversity

professorsandpreviousNobelPrizewinners,aswellascurrentandformerNobelmitteemembers.Afterreceivingallof

thenominations,afivemembermitteeforeachprizewillpickthewinners.

Thenamesofboththenominatorsandcandidatesarekeptsecretfor50years.Thismeansthatmanypeoplemight

havebeennominated,butwouldneverknow.Thisrule,accordingtothechiefeditoroftheprize'sofficialwebsite,allows

peopletobehonestinthenominationprocess.

26.Paragraph2ismainlywrittentoexplain.

A.whyittooksolongtorecognizethewinners'achievements

B.whatkindofpeoplecanwintheNobelPrize

C.manyofthewinners'achievementsdatebackyearsago

D.howJohnB.GoodenoughwontheNobelPrize

27.Theunderlinedphrase“thisachievement''inParagraph3re