高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atapolicestation. B.Ataticketoffice. C.Atapostoffice.【答案】A【原文】W:Excuseme,howshouldIfillinthisblank?Whatdoes“L”standfor?M:Itstandsfor“Lost”,sojustwriteinwhatyouhavelost.2.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Assistantandcustomer.B.Husbandandwife.C.Bossandsecretary.【答案】B【原文】M:I’vejustorderedthecomputerwiththe32-speedCD-ROMthatwebothlike.W:That’sgreat.M:It’stwicethespeedofwhatweareusingathome.3.Whathasrecentlycaughttheman’sinterest?A.Areaswithlittlerainfall.B.Placesfullofanimals.C.Regionsfullofplants.【答案】A【原文】W:Readingaboutdifferenttypesofhabitatshasbeenareallearningexperience.M:Right,it’ssointeresting.Foralongtime,Ihavebeencuriousaboutnaturalenvironmentsknownfortheircolorfulandrichplantandanimallife.Butnow,I’mmorecuriousaboutdryplaces.4.Whattimeisitnow?A.At11:00a.m. B.Atnoon. C.At1:00p.m.【答案】C【原文】W:Areyougoingoutforasandwich?M:No.Iamtoobusyrightnow.Pleasegivemeanhour,OK?W:Ican’teatat2:00p.m.That’stoolateforlunch!5.Whatdoesthemanstrugglewith?A.Writinggoodsentencestructures.B.Usingtherightverbtenses.C.Choosingtherightwords.【答案】B【原文】M:Ms.Brown,doyouhaveasecondtogoovermylasthomeworkassignmentwithme?IthinkIstruggledabitwiththegrammar.W:Sure.Yoursentencestructuresandwordchoiceswereallverygood,butyoudidsometimesswitchbetweenpastandpresenttense.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatisthemantryingtocomplete?A.Awebsiteproject.B.Asciencepresentation.C.Ascienceexperiment.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestincluding?A.Nationalagency’slatestreports.B.Updatedenvironmentallaws.C.Historicalpollutiontrends.【答案】6.B7.B【原文】W:Haveyoufinishedyourpresentationfortomorrow’senvironmentalscienceclass?M:Almost,butI’mhavingtroublefindingthelatestdataonairqualityimprovementincities.Iknowtherehavebeenimportantimprovements.Ijustdon’tknowhowtoshowit.W:Haveyoulookedatthenationalenvironmentalagency’swebsite?Theyupdatedtheirnumberslastmonth,andtheyusuallyincludereportsandchartsthatcouldbeveryhelpful.M:Thanks,thatcouldreallyhelpmeshowsomedatamoreclearlyandgivemesomeusefulfactstosupportmypointsaboutreducingpollution.W:Also,considertalkingaboutthenewlaws.Theyhaveledtobetterairinseveralbigcities.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatisthemaingoaloftheculturalexchangeclub?A.Toshowbeautifulviews.B.Toinviteguestspeakerstogivespeeches.C.Tohelpstudentsunderstandtheworldbetter.9.Whichclubactivitydoesthewomanprobablylikebest?A.Internationalfoodfair.B.Sportsandgames.C.Culturalnights.10.Whydoesthewomanhopetojointheclub?A.Toenjoyculturalevents.B.Toimproveherlanguageskills.C.Tomakefriendsfromdifferentcountries.【答案】8.C9.A10.C【原文】W:I’mthinkingofjoiningthenewculturalexchangeclubatschool.Itseemslikeagoodwaytolearnaboutothercountries.M:That’sagreatidea!Theymainlyorganizeeventswherestudentssharetheirtraditionsandtalkaboutworldissues,right?It’sagreatwaytolearnmore.W:Exactly.Itsoundsfun,learningandappreciatingdifferentviewsthroughdirectstudentinteractions.Theylearnhowtoplaygamesfromdifferentcountries.Theyalsohaveguestspeakersandculturalnightswhereyoucanparticipateindifferenttraditions.Andeverybodylovestheinternationalfoodfair.Thatonemightbemyfavorite.M:Joiningcouldreallymakeyourschoollifemoreinteresting.Plus,you’lllikelymakenewfriendsfromaroundtheworld.W:That’swhatI’mhopingfor.Ithinkitwillhelpmeseetheworlddifferently.That’ssomethingIreallywantedinmyschoollife,consideringthesmalltownIgrewupin.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Thewoman’sjob.B.Theman’slawfirm.C.Rachel’srecentcondition.12.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Cookingfood. B.Havingdinner. C.Orderingfood.13.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutunemploymentbenefits?A.Hethinkstheyarehelpful.B.Heisembarrassedbythem.C.Hethinkstheyareunnecessary.【答案】11.C12.A13.A【原文】M:Thisfoodsmellsdelicious!W:Thanks.Butit’snotforustoeat.I’mtakingdinnertoRacheltonight.She’sbeenhavingahardtime,andIthoughtitwouldmakeherfeelbetter.M:I’msorrytohearshe’shavingadifficulttime.Whathappened?W:Well,shelostherjoblastweek.M:Whathappened?Didshegetfired?W:Notexactly,butshewasletgo.Shehadbeenworkingatalawfirm,butthefirmhadn’tbeengettingmanycases,sotheyhadtoletsomeoftheirstaffgo.M:Willshegetunemploymentbenefits?W:Ithinkso,butshewillbeembarrassedaboutlivingonthat.Besides,shelovesbeingalawyer,andshe’dratherworkthansitathome.M:Iunderstand.Butatleastshe’llhavealittlemoneytopayherrentwhileshelooksforanotherjob.W:Yeah.Butactually,Iwashopingyoucouldhelpherfindajob.Isn’tyourfriendTheodorealawyer?Ishisofficehiring?M:Theymightbe.I’llgivehimacalltomorrowandletyouknow.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthesummerfestival?A.Swimminginthepool.B.Barbecuingwithfriends.C.Watchingtheparade.15.Whydoesn’tthemanliketraditionalholidays?A.Theyhappeninuncomfortableplaces.B.Theyaretooexpensivetoafford.C.Theyfeellikearequirement.16.Howdoesthewoman’sfamilycelebratetraditionalholidays?A.Bymakinggiftsforeachother.B.Bybuyingexpensivethings.C.Byholdingapoolparty.17.Whatdoesthewomanimplyintheend?A.Familiescanhavetheirownwaysofcelebratingholidays.B.Traditionalholidaysaremorecomfortable.C.Giftsarebetterthanpromises.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.A【原文】M:Idon’tthinkIappreciatetraditionalfestivals,likeChristmasandEasterasmuchasmyfamily.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:I’mjustnotthatintothem.ChristmasandEasterhavemanyextrapartsinvolved.IliketocelebratewiththepeopleIloveinacomfortableenvironment.Myfavoriteholidayisthesummerfestival.W:Isitbecauseofourtraditiontoswiminmypooleveryyearbeforetheparade?M:No,thoughthatisfun.It’sbecauseaftertheparadewegotomyparents’giantbarbecuewithalltheirfriends.Everyonebringsadishoffoodordrinksandthenwetalkandtellstoriesuntilthestarscomeout.W:PeopledothatonChristmasandEastertoo,youknow!Ithinkitjustdependsonyourfamily’straditions.M:Forsomereason,IjustfeelthatmostpeoplefeeltheneedtobuyexpensivethingsthatareunnecessaryduringChristmasandEaster.Thereisnoexpectationofgettingorgivinggifts.Itfeelslikeyouareforcedintobeingnice,becauseofadate.W:Yes,butyoudon’thavetodoanyofthattocelebrate.Myfamilymakesgiftsforoneanotherorwemakepromisessayingwewillhelpeachotherwithprojectsorhousework.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.WhatdidDr.Wilsonteachthespeaker?A.Howtogetfundsfortheplasticarms.B.Howtousehisfeetindailylife.C.Howtogetusedtoplasticarms.19.Whatdidthespeakerthinkofhisteacherinhighschool?A.Shecaredmoreabouthisschoolwork.B.Shehelpedhimtobemoreconfident.C.Shehadlittlesympathyforhim.20.Whoisthespeakernowprobably?A.Adoctor. B.Ateacher. C.Alawyer.【答案】18.B19.B20.C【原文】Thankyou,Ms.Jackson.I’mhonoredtotalktoyourclasstodayaboutsomethingIknowathingortwoabout:beingafraid.Asyoucansee,Iwasbornwithoutarms.EverytimeIfelldown,IwasscaredthatIwouldn’tbeabletogetup.Myparentsweretoopoortoaffordplasticarmsforme.Butluckilyoneofmydoctors,Dr.Wilson,showedmehowtousemyfeettodoeverything.OnceIcoulddoafewthingsbymyself,Ididn’tfeelscaredofbeingaloneanymore.Inhighschool,everyoneinmyclassmadefunofme.Everymorning,Iwasafraidofwhattheywouldsay.Thatwasthehardestanddarkesttimeinmylife.ButmyteacherMrs.DaltonmadesureIstayedfocusedonmyschoolwork.Shetaughtmetobestrongandconfident.OnceIrealizedthatitdidn’tmatterwhatotherpeoplethoughtofme,Iwasn’tscaredofbeinginthecrowdsanymore.NowthatIhavemyownsuccessfullawcompanyinManchester,Icanaffordthoseplasticarms.MaybeIwillgetthemoneday.Butfornow,mymissingarmsremindmeeverydaythatIdon’thaveanythingtobeafraidof.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AWithsuchastrongartisticheritage,it’snosurprisethatEnglandknocksitoutoftheparkwhenitcomestoworld-classartgalleries.Thesearethegalleriesyouneedtoaddtoyourmust-visitlist.RoyalAcademyofArts（RA）,LondonNotyourstandardgallery,theRoyalAcademyofArtsisledbyartiststopromotenotjusttheappreciationofart,butitspractice.Itisworld-famousforhostingsomeexhibitionsthatgeteveryonetalking.Besides,whatsetstheRAapartisitsengagementwiththepublicthroughparticipatoryexperiences,allowingvisitorstonotonlyviewartbutbecomepartofitininnovativeways.YorkshireSculpturePark,WestYorkshireTearinguptherulebookwhenitcomestohowwetraditionallyviewart,theYorkshireSculptureParktriestobreakdownbarriersbyshowingworksfromBritishandinternationalartistsintheopenair.SetinhundredsofacresofWestYorkshireparkland,you’llseesculpturesbysomeoftheleadingartistsofthe20thcentury.Whitworth,ManchesterAfterasky-highf15milliondevelopment,theWhitworthisbecomingoneofthepremiergalleriesinthenorthofEngland.Makingfulluseofitspicturesqueparksetting,thegalleryhasabeautifulartgardenandasculptureterrace(露天平臺(tái)),allwaitingtobeexplored.Insidethegallery,youcanviewanexcitingprogrammeofever-changingexhibitions.21.WhatisspecialaboutRoyalAcademyofArts?A.Itoffersinteractiveexperiences. B.Itdisplaysworksbyseniorartists.C.Itholdsexhibitionsinatraditionalway. D.Itprovidesavastspaceforhostingexhibitions.22.WhatdoYorkshireSculptureParkandWhitworthhaveincommon?A.Theyaresmallinscale. B.Theyofferoutdoorsettings.C.Theyfeaturemodemworks. D.Theyhostexhibitionsonanannualbasis.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelguidebook. B.Afilmmagazine.C.Ahistorybook. D.Asciencereport.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了英國(guó)三家值得一游的世界級(jí)藝術(shù)畫廊，旨在為游客提供旅行參考?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RoyalAcademyofArts（RA）,London部分中“Besides,whatsetstheRAapartisitsengagementwiththepublicthroughparticipatoryexperiences,allowingvisitorstonotonlyviewartbutbecomepartofitininnovativeways.(此外，皇家藝術(shù)研究院的獨(dú)特之處在于它通過參與性體驗(yàn)與公眾互動(dòng)，讓游客不僅能欣賞藝術(shù)，還能以創(chuàng)新的方式成為藝術(shù)的一部分)”可知，皇家藝術(shù)研究院的特別之處在于它提供互動(dòng)體驗(yàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YorkshireSculpturePark,WestYorkshire部分中“SetinhundredsofacresofWestYorkshireparkland,you’llseesculpturesbysomeoftheleadingartistsofthe20thcentury.(坐落在西約克郡數(shù)百英畝的公園里，你將看到20世紀(jì)一些領(lǐng)先藝術(shù)家的雕塑)”以及Whitworth,Manchester部分中“Makingfulluseofitspicturesqueparksetting,thegalleryhasabeautifulartgardenandasculptureterrace(露天平臺(tái)),allwaitingtobeexplored.(畫廊充分利用其風(fēng)景如畫的公園環(huán)境，擁有一個(gè)美麗的藝術(shù)花園和一個(gè)雕塑露臺(tái)，所有這些都等待探索)”可知，約克郡雕塑公園和惠特沃斯畫廊的共同之處在于它們都提供戶外環(huán)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thesearethegalleriesyouneedtoaddtoyourmust-visitlist.(這些畫廊你需要添加到你的必游清單中)”以及下文對(duì)幾家藝術(shù)畫廊的介紹可推知，本文可能來自一本旅游指南。故選A項(xiàng)。BDuringmyearlyyears,Ifocusedoneye-catchinglandscapephotography.IspenttimeintheHimalayas,PatagoniaandTasmaniaandreturnedwithpicturesofbreathtakingbeautywhichIthoughtwere“awesome”.Butaone-monthcampingtriptotheMenindeelakesalongDarling-BaakainAustraliashiftedmyperspective;Photographyismorethantakingphotos.AsIbecameincreasinglyfamiliarwiththeplace,Ilearnedthathumanactivitiesledtowidespreaddeforestationanddroughtinthearea,resultinginmanydeadtrees.Drivingacrosstheregion,IrecalledthatSydneywasblanketedbysmokeformonthsonendasbushfiressweptthroughtheeastcoast.Fortunately,theLaNi?aweathercyclereachedAustralia,increasingrainfallandcausingthecontinent’sshort-livedriverstospringbacktolife.Yet,theimageofbushfiresstayedwithme,andIfeltdriventodosomething.ThatwaswhenthephotoBlazecameintobeing.Ispoketothelocalauthority,explainingthatIhopedtocreatea“burning”treeasabeacon(燈塔)todrawpeople’sattentiontodeforestation.TheyshowedgreatinterestbecausefireisanintegralpartoftheAustralianfarmingandthenatives.Iconnectedafewofthegascanisters(罐)generallyusedforbarbecuestoflexiblegaslinescalled“slinkies”,whichcouldbewiredupthebackofthetree,awayfromthetreeandoutofsightofthepublic.TheseproducedanoutlineofflameswhenIlitthem,asifthetreewereonfire.Itwaslitfor15secondswhileIgottheshot,andfire-fightingequipmentwasprepared.Eventhoughthetreewasdead,itwasstillavitalhabitat.Butthegasflamesdidnodamageandtheinsectsthatlivedinsidewereunharmed.Ilovethatwhenpeoplelookatthephoto,theycanconcretizethedelicacyofournaturalworldwhileappreciatingBlaze.24.Whatistheauthor’snewperceptionofphotography?A.Itinvolvesprofessionalskills. B.Itshouldcarrydeepmeanings.C.Itrequireshigh-endequipment. D.Itshouldproducebeautifulpictures.25.WhatinspiredtheauthortocreateBlaze?A.Localenvironmentalchanges. B.TraditionalAustralianfarming.C.SceneryoftheMenindeelakes. D.Supportfromthelocalauthority.26.WhichofthefollowingimagesbestillustratesthephotoBlaze?A. B. C. D.27.WhatisthephotoBlazeintendedtobe?A.Ameansofenhancingartistictaste. B.Astrategytobeautifythelandscape.C.Acalltoraisepublicawareness. D.Awindowtoshowcaselocalculture.【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.C【語篇解讀】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者原本專注于風(fēng)景攝影，在澳大利亞Menindeelakes的經(jīng)歷讓其意識(shí)到攝影應(yīng)有更深含義，當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境變化促使作者創(chuàng)作了照片Blaze，以引起人們對(duì)森林砍伐的關(guān)注?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butaone-monthcampingtriptotheMenindeelakesalongDarling-BaakainAustraliashiftedmyperspective;Photographyismorethantakingphotos.(但一次在澳大利亞達(dá)令-巴阿克地區(qū)梅尼德里湖的為期一個(gè)月的露營(yíng)之旅改變了我的看法；攝影不僅僅是拍攝照片)”可知，作者新的認(rèn)知是攝影應(yīng)具有深刻含義，故選B?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AsIbecameincreasinglyfamiliarwiththeplace,Ilearnedthathumanactivitiesledtowidespreaddeforestationanddroughtinthearea,resultinginmanydeadtrees.Drivingacrosstheregion,IrecalledthatSydneywasblanketedbysmokeformonthsonendasbushfiressweptthroughtheeastcoast.(隨著我對(duì)這個(gè)地方的了解越來越深入，我了解到人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了該地區(qū)大面積的森林砍伐和干旱，致使許多樹木死亡。駕車穿越這片區(qū)域時(shí)，我回想起悉尼曾連續(xù)數(shù)月被濃煙籠罩，因?yàn)閰擦执蠡鹣砹藮|海岸)”和“Yet,theimageofbushfiresstayedwithme,andIfeltdriventodosomething.Thatwaswhenthephoto

Blaze

cameintobeing.(然而，森林大火的畫面一直縈繞在我的腦海里，我覺得有必要做點(diǎn)什么。就在那時(shí)，Blaze應(yīng)運(yùn)而生)”可知，促使作者創(chuàng)作Blaze這部作品的原因是當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的變化。故選A?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Iconnectedafewofthegascanisters(罐)generallyusedforbarbecuestoflexiblegaslinescalled“slinkies”,whichcouldbewiredupthebackofthetree,awayfromthetreeandoutofsightofthepublic.TheseproducedanoutlineofflameswhenIlitthem,asifthetreewereonfire.(我將一些通常用于燒烤的氣罐連接到了被稱為“滑線”的柔性輸氣管上。這些滑線可以沿著樹的背面鋪設(shè)，遠(yuǎn)離樹木并隱藏在公眾視線之外。當(dāng)我點(diǎn)燃它們時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生火焰的輪廓，仿佛這棵樹真的著火了)”可知，照片Blaze呈現(xiàn)的是一棵樹被火焰輪廓包圍，看起來仿佛樹著火了的畫面，故選D?！?7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ispoketothelocalauthority,explainingthatIhopedtocreatea“burning”treeasabeacon(燈塔)todrawpeople’sattentiontodeforestation.(我與當(dāng)?shù)卣块T進(jìn)行了溝通，說明了我的想法，即希望打造一棵“燃燒”的樹，以此作為警示標(biāo)志，引起人們對(duì)森林砍伐問題的關(guān)注)”可知，作者創(chuàng)作Blaze是為了喚起公眾意識(shí)，故選C。CFarmingisundergoingaremarkabletransformationthankstocutting-edgetechnologiesreshapinghowfruitispickedandhandled.Whileautonomousdrones(無人機(jī))likeTevel’sFlyingRobotsarealreadyharvestingfruitglobally,innovationslikeUCSanDiego’sGRIP-tapegripperrepresentthenextfrontieringentleproducehandling.Together,theseadvancementspromisetomakefruitproductionmoreefficientandprecise,thoughoneisaprovensolutionandtheotherisaglimpseintofarming’sfuture.Tevel’sFlyingAutonomousRobots(FARs)areredefiningfruitharvestingbycombiningartificialintelligencewithadvancedcomputervision.Thesedronesnavigatethroughorchards(果園),identifyingandpickingonlythefruitthathasreachedpeakripeness.Theirabilitytoweavecarefullyaroundbranchesallowsthemtoharvestwithoutbruisingorharmingthetrees.Unlikehumanpickers,thesedronescanoperatecontinuously,workingdayandnighttogetthejobdonefasterandmoreconsistently.Farmersareempoweredbydetailed,real-timeinformationabouttheharvest,includingthesize,colorandripenessofeachfruit,allaccessiblethroughamobileapp.Thisdatahelpsimproveharvestingschedulesandreducewaste.Multipledronesworktogetherfromamobileplatform,coveringlargeorchardareasefficiently.Beyondpicking,theserobotsalsodetectdiseasesandtrackthelocationofeachfruitbin,providingfarmerswithvaluableinsightstomanagetheircropsbetter.WhileTevel’sdronestackleharvesting,UCSanDiego’sGRIP-tapegripperremainsintheexperimentalstageasasolutionforpost-harvesthandling.Inspiredbysteelmeasuringtapes,thisprototype(原型)useslayered“fingers”tograspdelicatefruitsgently.Earlytestsshowpromiseinhandlingobjectslikelemonsandtomatoeswithoutdamage,butithasyettobewidelyadoptedinfarming.Thegripper’smotorizedreels(卷軸)allowitstape-basedfingerstoextendandconveyitemslikeaconveyorbelt.Researchershighlightitslowcostandsafetyaroundhumans,butfurtherdevelopmentisneededtointegrateitintocommercialpackinglinesorharvesters.Tevel’sdronesarealreadytransformingorchards,whiletheGRIP-tapegripperoffersavisionofhowdelicateproducehandlingcouldevolve.Thecombinationofreal-worldautomationandexperimentalroboticshighlightsboththeimmediatebenefitsandlong-termpotentialofagritechinnovation.28.WhatdoweknowaboutFARs?A.Theycanworkaroundtheclock. B.Theycanidentifydifferentfruits.C.Theyredefinetheartificialintelligence. D.Theyperformasefficientlyashumanworkers.29.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thereal-timedatacollectedbymobileapps.B.TheattitudeofthefarmerstoTevel’sdrones.C.TheadvantagesofTevel’sdronesforfarmers.D.Theworkingprocessofmultipledronesinorchards.30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutUCSanDiego’sGRIP-tapegripper?A.Itisinspiredbyhumanfingers. B.Itiswidelyadoptedinfarming.C.Ittacklestheharvestingprocess. D.Itiscost-effectivebutstillinprogress.31.What’sthewritingpurposeofthistext?A.Topromotetheuseofroboticsinfarming.B.Tocomparetwocutting-edgefarmingtools.C.Toemphasizethelong-termpotentialofdrones.D.Tointroducetwoinnovativeagriculturaltechnologies.【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了兩種創(chuàng)新的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。一種是Tevel公司的飛行自主機(jī)器人（FARs）；另一種是加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的GRIP-tape抓取器。【28題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Unlikehumanpickers,thesedronescanoperatecontinuously,workingdayandnighttogetthejobdonefasterandmoreconsistently.(與人類采摘者不同，這些無人機(jī)可以持續(xù)運(yùn)行，日夜工作，更快且更穩(wěn)定地完成工作)”可知，F(xiàn)ARs可以日夜不停地工作。故選A?！?9題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Farmersareempoweredbydetailed,real-timeinformationabouttheharvest,includingthesize,colorandripenessofeachfruit,allaccessiblethroughamobileapp.Thisdatahelpsimproveharvestingschedulesandreducewaste.Multipledronesworktogetherfromamobileplatform,coveringlargeorchardareasefficiently.(農(nóng)民可以通過一款移動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序獲取有關(guān)收獲的詳細(xì)實(shí)時(shí)信息，包括每個(gè)水果的大小、顏色和成熟度。這些數(shù)據(jù)有助于改進(jìn)收獲計(jì)劃并減少浪費(fèi)。多架無人機(jī)從一個(gè)移動(dòng)平臺(tái)協(xié)同工作，高效覆蓋大片果園區(qū)域)”本段主要講述了Tevel的無人機(jī)為農(nóng)民帶來的好處，如提供詳細(xì)實(shí)時(shí)信息幫助改進(jìn)收獲計(jì)劃、減少浪費(fèi)，故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Researchershighlightitslowcostandsafetyaroundhumans,butfurtherdevelopmentisneededtointegrateitintocommercialpackinglinesorharvesters.(研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)它成本低且對(duì)人安全，但還需要進(jìn)一步開發(fā)才能將其整合到商業(yè)包裝生產(chǎn)線或收割機(jī)中)”可知，加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的GRIP-tape抓取器成本效益高，但仍在研發(fā)過程中。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了兩種創(chuàng)新的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。一種是Tevel公司的飛行自主機(jī)器人（FARs），已在全球用于水果采摘，它結(jié)合人工智能和先進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)視覺，能精準(zhǔn)采摘成熟水果，且可日夜工作，還能為農(nóng)民提供詳細(xì)實(shí)時(shí)信息；另一種是加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的GRIP-tape抓取器，尚處于實(shí)驗(yàn)階段，受鋼卷尺啟發(fā)，旨在輕柔抓取嬌嫩水果，成本低但還需進(jìn)一步發(fā)展才能廣泛應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)。所以短文的目的是介紹兩項(xiàng)農(nóng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新技術(shù)。故選D。DWhenwesleep,ourbrainisstillactivelyprocessingtheday’sexperiencesandintegratingthemwithpastmemories.Previousstudieshaveidentifiedlinksbetweenpupil(瞳孔)sizeandsleepstate,aswellasbetweensleepstateandmemoryformation.However,ithasbeenunclearhowfreshmemoriesareprocessedwithoutblurring(模糊)intooldones.Forexample,howdowelearntoplaythepianowithoutforgettinghowtorideabike?ResearchersatCornellUniversityaddressedthisquestionbyattachingbrain-scanningelectrodesandtinyeye-trackingcamerastomice.Theymonitoredthemiceastheylearnednewtasksduringtheday,suchasnavigatingamaze(迷宮),andthenobservedthemduringsleep.(Funfact:micecansleepwiththeireyesopen.)Thestudyrevealedtwodistinctsubstagesduringnon-rapideyemovement(NREM)sleep,acriticalperiodformemoryformation.Onesubstagereplayednewmemories,coincidingwithnarrowedpupils.Theotherinvolvedrecallingoldermemories,markedbywidenedpupils.Thesestagesalternatedrapidly.Theteamalsodiscoveredthatduringthenarrowedpupilstages,blockingsharp-waveripples(SWRs)limitedthemice’sabilitytoremembernewinformation.Itisalsofoundthatthebrainhasanintermediate(中間的)periodthatseparatesnewlearningfromoldknowledge.Theresultssuggestthatthebraincanmultitaskdistinctcognitiveprocessesduringsleeptofacilitatecontinuouslearningwithoutinterference.It’slikenewlearning,oldknowledge,newlearning,oldknowledge,shiftingslowlythroughoutsleep.Theimplicationsofthestudyarefar-reaching:suchanon-invasivemeansofmonitoringbrainfunctionmayhelptreatmemoryissuesandboostmemory,forexample.Thestudyalsosupportsthehypothesis(假說)thathumanbrainsandcomputersystemsmaysignificantlyforgetoldinformation.Catastrophicforgetting,knowninAI,isanareawheremachinesstilllagbehindbiology.What’smore,thefindingsprovideapotentialsolutionforpreventingcatastrophicinterferencewhileenablingmemoryintegrationinbothbiologicalandartificialneuralnetworks.Despitethemanysimilaritiesbetweenhumanandmousebrains,similarstudiesneedtobeconductedinhumanstochecktheseresults.32.WhatdoresearchersatCornellUniversityfocuson?A.Howpupilsizeisrelatedtosleepstate.B.Howpeoplelearntoperformnewtasks.C.Howmemoriesarekeptwithoutinterference.D.Howsleepstateisconnectedwithmemoryformation.33.Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A.BlockingSWRsremovesoldmemories.B.Thebrainprocessesnewmemoriesfirst.C.Widenedpupilisassociatedwithreplayingnewmemories.D.Atransitionalstagedistinguishesoldmemoriesfromnewones.34.Theunderlinedphrase“catastrophicforgetting”inthefifthparagraphmostlikelyrefersto______.A.thegradualweakeningoflong-termmemoriesB.temporaryconfusionbetweensimilarmemoriesC.thecompletelossofoldskillswhilelearningnewonesD.thebrain’snaturalprocessofdiscarding(丟棄)uselessmemories35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RoleofSleepinMemoryandLearning.B.CodeofMemoryIntegrationinSleep.C.PupilSize:AWindowintoHumanBrain.D.ABreakthrough:HowMiceSleepwithEyesOpen.【答案】32.C33.D34.C35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了康奈爾大學(xué)研究人員關(guān)于睡眠中記憶處理的研究，包括研究方法、發(fā)現(xiàn)以及研究的意義和局限性?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,ithasbeenunclearhowfreshmemoriesareprocessedwithoutblurringintooldones.Forexample,howdowelearntoplaythepianowithoutforgettinghowtorideabike.(然而，目前尚不清楚新的記憶是如何在不與舊的記憶混淆的情況下被處理的。例如，我們?nèi)绾卧诓煌浫绾悟T自行車的情況下學(xué)會(huì)彈鋼琴。)”和第二段“ResearchersatCornellUniversityaddressedthisquestionbyattachingbrain-scanningelectrodesandtinyeye-trackingcamerastomice.(康奈爾大學(xué)的研究人員通過在老鼠身上安裝腦掃描電極和微型眼球追蹤攝像頭來解決這個(gè)問題。)”可知，康奈爾大學(xué)的研究人員關(guān)注的是記憶如何在不受干擾的情況下保持。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Itisalsofoundthatthebrainhasanintermediateperiodthatseparatesnewlearningfromoldknowledge.(研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦有一個(gè)中間時(shí)期，將新的學(xué)習(xí)與舊的知識(shí)區(qū)分開來。)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)過渡階段區(qū)分了舊記憶和新記憶。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Thestudyalsosupportsthehypothesisthathumanbrainsandcomputersystemsmaysignificantlyforgetoldinformation.(這項(xiàng)研究還支持了一個(gè)假設(shè)，即人類大腦和計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)顯著忘記舊信息。)”可知，在學(xué)習(xí)新技能時(shí)，人類大腦和計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)顯著忘記舊信息。由此可知，catastrophicforgetting意為“在學(xué)習(xí)新技能時(shí)完全喪失舊技能”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。文章第一段通過提出一個(gè)問題“然而，目前尚不清楚新的記憶是如何在不與舊的記憶混淆的情況下被處理的”引出了本文的主題，即睡眠中記憶的處理。接著文章介紹了康奈爾大學(xué)的研究人員通過在老鼠身上安裝腦掃描電極和微型眼球追蹤攝像頭來研究這個(gè)問題，并詳細(xì)介紹了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即大腦有一個(gè)中間時(shí)期，將新的學(xué)習(xí)與舊的知識(shí)區(qū)分開來，以及這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義和局限性。由此可知，文章主要介紹了睡眠中記憶整合的密碼。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B表示“睡眠中的記憶整合機(jī)制”，與文章中心相吻合，可作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Humanshaveevolvedtospendlongperiodsdoingphysicalexercise.___36___Thecomplexityofthehumanbrainistoblame.Evolvinganabilitydoesn’tautomaticallymeanwe’llwanttouseit.Whilephysicalexerciseisn’tthatbad,it’sstilltypicallyunpleasant.___37___Itcalculatestheeffortrequiredforactionsandtendstostopusfrommisusingvitalresourcesonfruitlessefforts,likewalkingover30kmforahandfulofberries.Thethingis,regularexercisetoget“inshape”needsconstantandconsiderableeffort.___38___So,yourbrainhasatendencytoaskthisquestion,“Isitworthit?”Thisparticularfeaturealsomeanswetypicallypreferthingswhichofferminimumeffortformaximumreward.Thankfully,thehumanbrainisacomplexorgan.Itisn’truledbyitsmoreprimitivedrives.Whilemanyspecies’thoughtprocessesarelimitedto“Food,eatit!”,“Danger,run!”,“Pain,avoid!”,we’veevolvedbeyondthat.___39___Wecanimagineadesirablefuturescenario(情況),figureouthowwe’dachieveit,anddojustthat.Oratleastworktowardit.Thisdirectlyimpactshowourbrainprocessesmotivationandwillpower.Wecanrecognizethatrejectingarewardnowcanleadtoagreaterrewardlater,andactaccordingly.Asfarasyourbrainisconcerned,thereareprocessesthatdiscourageexercise,andprocessesthatencourageit.___40___A.Sohowdoesthebrainprocessmotivation?B.Butwhydoesn’teveryoneenjoyexercising?C.Ourbrainscanformlong-termgoalsandambitions.D