全國(guó)碩士碩士入學(xué)考試英語試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmaking

individualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomake

judgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthatan

inabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamples

ofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6

crimemightbemoreI汰elytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsix

otherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofan

applicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesame

day,butDr.Simonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.The

interviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsinto

consideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant,sscoreonthe

GraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis16outof800

points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

Dr.Simonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesof

intervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescorefor

thenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19

theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwould

otherwisehavebeen20.

1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers

2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external

3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]external

4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

5.[A]tond[B]teartul[C]capable[D]thoughtless

6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified

11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise

12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured

13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged

14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took

15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather

16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced

17.[A]before[B]after[CJabove[D]below

18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard

20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C

orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

InthefilmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,

scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn1taffecther;Priestly

explainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant1ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfrom

fashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtless

foundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldnztbemoreoutofdateorat

oddswiththefeverishwouldbedescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline*sthree-year

indictmentof“fastfashion".Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowed

mass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyand

anticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,more

frequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstosee

clothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat

-andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheap

prices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylong

accustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera

$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage

overseaslabor;orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsof

harmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichael

Pollan*sTheOmnivore/sDilemma.^Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahunger

andneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful/Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly

20billiongarmentsayear-about64itemsperperson-andnomatterhowmuchtheygive

away,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamed

SarahKateBeaumont,whosincehasmadeallofherownclothes-andbeautifully.Butas

Clineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan't

beknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlabor

andtheenvironment-includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline-Cline

believeslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealism

commontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;

peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan'taffordnotto.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill.

[B]insensitivitytofashion.

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsuniersto

[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword"indictment"(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusation.

[B]enthusiasm.

[C]indifference.

[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,noone

knowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.By

watchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”

adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuch

fine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetracked

andsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecemberAmerica'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donot

track”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnot

wanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google's

Chromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)

agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversiondue

toappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotoblige

anyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.Unabletotell

whethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwith

Microsoftsdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,which

itsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.Ifitistryingtoupset

Google,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseeman

obviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsother

productsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schief

privacyofficer;blogged:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybe

thatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural"adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27."Theindustry"(Line6,Para.3)refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence

[B]understanding

[C]appreciation

[D]skepticism

Text3

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeans

uniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,

leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationofthe

rangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.You

mightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshave

enduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'place

intheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,if

nothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatened

speciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:

"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currently

increasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizations

arenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhas

itsflagshipprojectamedicaclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsof

yearshence.

Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthe

moreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocial

consequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwriters

andfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhy

wehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywith

considerableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenow

identifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andour

species,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswill

findthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobe

apassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughto

reducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethe

lotofthosetocome.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

[A]ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

[B]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

[D]ourbeliefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN's"RedList"suggestthathumanbeingare

[A]asustainedspecies

[B]athreatentotheenvironment

[C]theworld'sdominantpower

[D]amisplacedrace

33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

[A]exploreourplanetsabundantresources

[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast

[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity

Text4

Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona1simmigration

lawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.Butonthemore

importantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatforthe

Administration/sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentand

thestates.

InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontested

provisionsofArizona,scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederal

immigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto

"establishauniformRuleofNaturalization"andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsare

noncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltothe

existingfederalones.

JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt,sliberals,

ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthe

majorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately"occupiedthefield"andArizonahadthus

intrudedonthefederal1sprivilegedpowers.

However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatus

ofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.That*sbecauseCongresshasalways

envisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstate

officerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.

TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththis

ConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederal

statute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedaneven

morerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.

The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhis

objectionas"ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower".TheWhiteHouseargued

thatArizona'slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscomplied

withfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidate

anyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.

Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenship

andthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheir

ownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwas

inessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'twanttocarryoutCongress1simmigration

wishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthis

remarkableclaim.

36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona*splanwereoverturnedbecausethey

[A]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers.

[B]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates.

[C]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw.

[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies.

37.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Federalofficers1dutytowithholdimmigrantsInformation.

[B]States'independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw.

[C]States*legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.

[D]Congress'sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement.

38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs

[A]violatedtheConstitution.

[B]underminedthestates*interests.

[C]supportedthefederalstatute.

[D]stoodinfavorofthestates.

39.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement

[A]outweighsthatheldbythestates.

[B]isdependentonthestates*support.

[C]isestablishedbyfederalstatutes.

[D]rarelygoesagainststatelaws.

40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

[A]ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.

[B]JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration.

[C]JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.

[D]TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.There

aretwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessional

socialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.

AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudents

worldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince.

Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotoday1sglobalchallenges

includingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth.(41)Humanity

hasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineered

cropstoartificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganizationand

distributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.

(42)___Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunitytoraiseits

influenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:there

isnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.

Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternal

scholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.

Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords"environmental

changed"or"climatechange"haveincreasedrapidlysince,(43)____

Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:Belgiumis

interestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.Andwhetherthe

community1sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.

Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding(44)thisisan

adequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplain

aboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday1seconomicclimate.

Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfunding

programshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear;itwas

proposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon;anewprogramtobeenactedin,wouldnothave

suchacategory,Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnotto

neglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.(45)Thatshouldcreatemore

collaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobal

problems.

[A]Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatis

discipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatis

problem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.

[B]However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciences

paperspublishedgloballyincludedoneoftheseKeywords.

[C]theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirv/orkwithothercategories,including

healthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthebio-economy,clear,

efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.

[D]thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatit

considerstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuch

moreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.

[E]Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior.Allrequirebehavioralchange

andsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,for

example,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceas

itisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.

[F]Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.

AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryfor

social-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainable

development.

[G]Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasa

percentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds-includinggovernment,highereducation,

non-profitandcorporate-variedfromaround4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itis

about15%.

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:

theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanimpossibleurge

tocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;(46)

Yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardencreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesone

that,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakofvariousotherfundamentalurges,

beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.

Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a

“stillpointoftheturningworld/toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.(47)Asacredplaceof

peace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter;whichisa

distinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitis

fortheseunlikelygardens,theformerbecomesallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateof

mindmadepossiblebythestructuringofone*srelationtoone/senvironment.(48)The

gardensofthehomelesswhichareineffecthomelessgardensintroducefromintoanurban

environmentwhereiteitherdidn'texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insodoingtheygive

composuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand.

Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefromisso

intrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprived

ofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichwe

usuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesingarden

andfeeltheexpressionvanishasifbymagic.InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewYork

Citytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemto

representattemptstocallarrangementofmaterials,aninstitutionofcolors,smallpoolof

water,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplay

herearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethe

naturalworld.(50)Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseof

wordgardenthoughina"liberated"sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.In

themwecanseebiophilia-ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife-assuminguncanny

representationalforms.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollege,invitinghim/her

tobeajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest

Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail,Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyou

should

1)describethedrawingbriefly

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

參照答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

1.A.grants

2.D.external

3.C.picture

4.A.Forexample

5.B.fearful

6.B.on

7.A.if

8.D.test

9.D.success

10.A.chosen

11.D.otherwise

12.C.conducted

13.B.rated

14.D.took

15.B.then

16.C.marked

17.A.before

18.C.drop

19.B.undo

20.C.necessary

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1(Inthe)

21.B.insensitivitytofashion

22.D.shopfortheirgarmentmorefrequently

23.A.accusation

24.D.pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing

25.C.criticismofthefast-fashionindustry

Text2(Anoldsaying)

26.B.lowertheiroperationalcosts

27.D.internetbrowserdevelopers

28.C.willnotbenefitconsumers

29.A.DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

30.D.skepticism

Text3(Nowutopia)

31.B.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

32.A.sustainedspecies

33.D.ourimmediatefutureishardtoconceive

34.C.drawonourexperiencefromthepast

35.C.theever-brightprospectsofmankind

Text4(Onafivetothree)

36.C.oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigration

37.C.states'legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement

38.D.stoodinfavorofthestates

39.A.outweighsthatheldbythest