2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解詞匯積累及常用搭配與例句匯編考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIVocabulary1.Thediscoveryofpenicillinrevolutionizedthetreatmentofbacterialinfections,dramatically__________patientmortalityrates.2.Despitefacingnumerous__________,sheremainedresilientandpersistentinpursuingheracademicgoals.3.Thepolicyaimstoprovideasafetynetforcitizenswhofindthemselves__________afterlosingtheirjobs.4.Hisexplanationofthecomplexeconomictheorywassurprisingly__________,makingitaccessibletoevennon-specialistlisteners.5.Theoldbuilding,__________foroveracentury,stillstandsasatestamenttothetown'shistory.6.Manyenvironmentalistsarguethatwemusttakeurgentactionto__________thealarmingrateofdeforestation.7.Thenovelisarichtapestryofcharacters,eachwiththeirown__________motivationsandinnerconflicts.8.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatregularphysicalexercisecansignificantly__________one'soverallhealthandwell-being.9.Theinvestigationrevealedthatthecompanyhadbeen__________illegalpracticestogainacompetitiveadvantage.10.Shedecidedto__________hercareerinfinancetopursueherpassionforenvironmentalconservation.PartIIClozeThehumanbrainistrulyremarkable,capableof__11__anincredibleamountofinformationandperformingcomplextaskssimultaneously.However,our__12__tomultitaskoftenleadstoreducedefficiencyandincreasederrors.Researchhasshownthatwhenwetryto__13__severalactivitiesatonce,ourbrainswitchesrapidlybetweenthem,ratherthan__14__onanysingletask.Thisconstantshiftingcanactuallydecreaseourproductivityandmakeitharderto__15__deepconcentration.Therefore,itmightbebeneficialto__16__focusingononetaskatatime,oratleastlimitingthenumberoftaskswejuggle.Bydoingso,wecan__17__ourcognitiveresourcesmoreeffectivelyandpotentiallyimproveourperformanceinbothprofessionalandpersonalspheres.This__18__highlightstheimportanceofmindfulattentionandthepotentialdownsidesoftryingtodotoomuchatonce.Ultimately,__19__ourbrain'scapacitylimitsandfindingstrategiestoworkwithinthemiskeytoachievingourgoals.Thismightinvolve__20__regularbreaks,establishingclearboundariesbetweentasks,orsimplypracticingmindfulnesstoimproveourfocusandattention.PartIIIReadingComprehensionThefollowingpassageisadaptedfromanarticlediscussingurbantransportationchallenges.Inrecentdecades,theproliferationofprivateautomobileshastransformedmanycitiesintocongestedandpollutedenvironments.Asurbanpopulationscontinuetogrow,thestrainonexistingtransportationinfrastructurebecomesincreasinglyevident.Publictransportationsystems,oftenplaguedbyovercrowdingandinefficiency,struggletomeetthedemand.Meanwhile,therelianceonpersonalvehiclesnotonlycontributestotrafficjamsbutalsosignificantlyincreasesairpollution,exacerbatinghealthproblemsforresidents.Furthermore,theexpansionofroadnetworksandparkingfacilitiestendstoencouragemoredriving,ratherthanreducingit,creatingaviciouscycle.Urbanplannersandpolicymakersarenowfacedwiththedifficulttaskoffindingsustainablesolutions.Promotingalternativemodesoftransport,suchascyclingandwalking,requiressignificantinvestmentindedicatedinfrastructurelikebikelanesandpedestrianzones.Improvingthequality,frequency,andcoverageofpublictransitisalsocrucial.Additionally,implementingpoliciesthatdiscouragecaruse,suchascongestionchargesorlow-emissionzones,canhelpshifttravelpatterns.Whilethesesolutionsareoftenmetwithresistance,thelong-termbenefitsfortheenvironment,publichealth,andoverallurbanlivabilityareundeniable.Asustainablefutureforcitiesdependsonembracingamulti-modaltransportationapproachthatreducesdependenceonprivatevehicles.1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto__________.2.Theword"__11__"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto__________.3.Thephrase"__12__"inthefirstparagraphrefersto__________.4.Theword"__13__"inthesecondparagraphisbestunderstoodinthecontextas__________.5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheconstantshiftingbetweentaskswhenmultitaskingcanleadto__________.6.Theword"__14__"inthesecondparagraphismostsimilarinmeaningto__________.7.Thephrase"__15__"inthesecondparagraphisbestreplacedby__________.8.Theword"__16__"inthethirdparagraphismostsimilarinmeaningto__________.9.Theword"__17__"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto__________.10.Thephrase"__18__"inthethirdparagraphservesprimarilyto__________.11.Thepassageimpliesthat__________.12.Whichofthefollowingisarecommendedsolutionmentionedinthepassageforaddressingurbantransportationissues?__________13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisasignificantconsequenceoftherelianceonpersonalvehiclesincities?__________14.Theauthormentionstheimplementationofpolicieslikecongestionchargesasanexampleof__________.15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweensustainabletransportationandurbanlivability?__________試卷答案PartIVocabulary1.reduced2.obstacles3.unemployed4.lucid5.renowned6.curb7.underlying8.enhance9.engaged10.abandonPartIICloze11.process12.propensity13.juggle14.concentrate15.achieve16.focus17.allocate18.observation19.acknowledging20.incorporatingPartIIIReadingComprehension1.discussthechallengesposedbyurbantrafficcongestionandtheneedforsustainabletransportationsolutions.2.handle/manage3.aninnatedesireortendency4.tohandleordealwith5.reducedefficiencyandincreasederrors6.focus/concentrate7.maintain/achieve8.concentrate/focus9.distribute/assign10.introducesanexampleorhighlightsapoint11.citiesmayfacedifficultiesinimplementingsustainabletransportationchangeswithoutsignificanteffortandpublicsupport.12.Improvingthequality,frequency,andcoverageofpublictransit.13.increasedairpollution14.encouragingalternativeformsoftransportationtoreducerelianceonpersonalvehicles.15.Sustainabletransportationmethodscanimprovetheoverallqualityoflifeincities.解析PartIVocabulary1.reduced：根據語境，青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)顯著地降低了（reduced）病人的死亡率。搭配“dramaticallyreduce”表示顯著降低。2.obstacles：根據語境，盡管面臨許多（numerous）困難（obstacles），她仍然堅持不懈。這里指阻礙成功的障礙物或困難。3.unemployed：根據語境，該政策旨在為失業(yè)（unemployed）后失去工作的公民提供安全網。指沒有工作的人。4.lucid：根據語境，他對復雜經濟理論的解釋令人驚訝地清晰易懂（lucid），使即使是非專業(yè)人士的聽眾也能理解。形容表達清晰明白。5.renowned：根據語境，這座古老的建筑（oldbuilding）因存在超過一個世紀（foroveracentury）而聞名（renowned）。指著名的，有聲望的。6.curb：根據語境，許多環(huán)保主義者認為我們必須采取緊急行動來制止（curb）令人擔憂的森林砍伐速度。意為限制，遏制。7.underlying：根據語境，這部小說是一個豐富多彩的人物群像，每個角色都有自己的潛在（underlying）動機和內心沖突。指潛在的，根本的。8.enhance：根據語境，人們普遍認為定期進行體育鍛煉可以顯著增強（enhance）一個人的整體健康和福祉。意為增強，提升。9.engaged：根據語境，調查揭示該公司一直在從事非法活動（illegalpractices）以獲取競爭優(yōu)勢。beengagedindoingsth意為從事某事。10.abandon：根據語境，她決定放棄（abandon）她的金融生涯，追求她對環(huán)境保護的熱情。意為放棄，拋棄。PartIICloze11.process：根據語境，人腦真正令人驚嘆，能夠處理（process）大量信息并同時執(zhí)行復雜任務。意為處理，處理信息。12.propensity：根據語境，我們轉向多任務（tomultitask）的天性（propensity）往往導致效率降低和錯誤增加。指傾向，傾向性。13.juggle：根據語境，當我們試圖同時處理（juggle）幾項活動時，我們的大腦在它們之間快速切換。意為同時處理多項任務。14.concentrate：根據語境，當我們在一項任務上切換時，我們的大腦在多項活動之間快速切換，而不是專注于（concentrate）任何單一任務。意為集中注意力。15.achieve：根據語境，這表明在同時處理多項活動時，實現(xiàn)（achieve）深度專注可能更困難。意為實現(xiàn)，達到。16.focus：根據語境，因此，專注于（focus）一項任務一次，或者至少限制我們同時處理的任務數量，可能是有益的。意為集中注意力。17.allocate：根據語境，這樣做可以更有效地分配（allocate）我們的認知資源，并有可能提高我們在專業(yè)和私人領域的表現(xiàn)。意為分配。18.observation：根據語境，這一點（This）強調（highlights）了有意識地注意力的重要性，以及試圖同時做太多事情的可能弊端。指觀察，看法。19.acknowledging：根據語境，最終，承認（acknowledging）我們大腦的容量限制，并找到在它們之內的工作策略，是實現(xiàn)我們的關鍵。意為承認。20.incorporating：根據語境，這可能涉及將定期休息（regularbreaks）、建立任務之間的明確界限或簡單地練習正念以改善我們的注意力和專注力等策略納入（incorporating）我們的日常工作流程。意為包含，納入。PartIIIReadingComprehension1.discussthechallengesposedbyurbantrafficcongestionandtheneedforsustainabletransportationsolutions.：全文圍繞城市交通擁堵的挑戰(zhàn)以及可持續(xù)交通解決方案的必要性展開。第一段描述問題，第二段討論大腦處理信息與多任務的關系（引出注意力集中問題），第三段提出解決方案。因此，文章主要目的是討論這些挑戰(zhàn)和解決方案。2.handle/manage：根據第一段第一句"Thehumanbrainistrulyremarkable,capableof__11__anincredibleamountofinformation..."，大腦能夠處理（handle/manage）大量信息。3.aninnatedesireortendency：根據第一段第二句"However,our__12__tomultitaskoftenleadstoreducedefficiency..."，我們轉向多任務的天性（propensity）往往導致效率降低，說明propensities指天生的傾向或欲望。4.tohandleordealwith：根據第二段第一句"...whenwetryto__13__severalactivitiesatonce,ourbrainswitchesrapidlybetweenthem..."，嘗試同時處理（juggle/handleordealwith）幾項活動時，大腦會在它們之間快速切換。5.reducedefficiencyandincreasederrors：根據第二段最后一句"Thisconstantshiftingcanactuallydecreaseourproductivityandmakeitharderto__15__deepconcentration."，這種不斷的切換實際上會降低（reduce）我們的生產力，并使實現(xiàn)深度專注更困難。結合上下文，指導致效率降低和錯誤增加。6.focus/concentrate：根據第二段第三句"...ratherthan__14__onanysingletask."，大腦不是專注于（focus/concentrate）任何單一任務，而是在多項活動間切換。7.maintain/achieve：根據第二段第四句"Thisconstantshiftingcanactuallydecreaseourproductivityandmakeitharderto__15__deepconcentration."，這里的achieve指實現(xiàn)（achieve）深度專注。8.concentrate/focus：根據第三段第一句"Bydoingso,wecan__17__ourcognitiveresourcesmoreeffectively..."，這樣做可以更有效地分配（allocate/concentrate/focus）我們的認知資源。9.distribute/assign：allocateresources的同義替換，意為分配，分配資源。10.introducesanexampleorhighlightsapoint：根據第三段倒數第二句"This__18__highlightstheimportanceofmindfulattention..."，這句話指出有意識地注意的重要性，并強調了這一點（highlights），起到了強調觀點的作用。11.citiesmayfacedifficultiesinimplementingsustainabletransportationchangeswithoutsignificanteffortandpublicsupport.：根