2022屆遼寧省營口市普通高中高三上學期期末教學質(zhì)量檢測英語試題試卷說明：試卷分為試題卷和答題卷，試題卷中第I卷為選擇題，答案選項填在答題卷選擇題答題表中，用答題卡的學校涂在答題卡相應題號上；第II卷為非選擇題，答案一律答在答題卷相應位置上。第I卷第一部分、聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatmusicalinstrumentcanthewomanplay?A.Theguitar.B.Thepiano.C.Theviolin.2.WhatwillthewomanprobablydoonThursday?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Prepareforajobinterview.C.Haveadinnerwiththeman.3.Whereistheman?A.Inhisoffice.B.Atschool.C.Athome.4.Howdidthemanfeelaboutthefootballgame?A.Disappointed.B.Excited.C.Confused.5.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Loadingacar.B.Unpackingabox.C.Buyingasuitcase.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whethertojointhenewsportsclub.B.Whatsportsactivitytotakepartin.C.Whichsportisgoodforgettingfit.7.Whatwillthespeakersdo?A.Trainforbicycleracing.B.Takeatriptothemountains.C.Participateinalong-distancerun.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whydidthewomantalktotheman?A.Togetaphonenumber.B.Tolookintoamatter.C.ToasksomethingaboutStan.9.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Turntotheman.B.GotomeetStan.C.PhoneStanforhelp.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatdoesthemangotoSingaporemainlyfor?A.Vacation.B.Business.C.Personalaffairs.11.Whatwillthemandotomorrowafternoon?A.MeetwithMr.Wang.B.Bookaticket.C.Takeaflight.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Rearrangehistrip.B.TraveltotheFarEast.C.Takehisvacationearly.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthewoman'shouse.B.Inarepaircentre.C.Inastore.14.What'swrongwiththewoman'siPad?A.Itsscreenisnotclear.B.Itdoesnotplaysongs.C.Itisdestroyedinthewater.15.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantoshowhim?A.Thereceipt.B.Thepackage.C.Hertelephonenumber.16.HowsooncanthewomangetheriPadback?A.Inoneweek.B.Intwoweeks.C.Inthreeweeks.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Aguide.B.Ateacher.C.Aninterpreter.18.Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?A.ThehistoryofFairhaven.B.AnintroductiontoManjiro'slife.C.TherelationshipbetweenJapanandtheUSA.19.WhendidManjiroleaveJapan?A.1841.B.1827.C.1851.20.WhatisthepurposeoftheFestival?A.TosellJapaneseandAmericanfood.B.TocelebratetheachievementsofManjiro.C.Torepresenttheofficialstatusofsistercities.第二部分、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIfyou'dliketolearnhowtobakebread,here'sawonderfulplacetostart.Thiseasywhitebreadrecipebakesupdeliciouslygoldenbrown.Makes·2loaves(16sliceseach)Ingredients·1package(7g)activedryyeast(活性干酵母)·2-1/4cupswarmwater·3tablespoonssugarplus1/2teaspoonsugar·1tablespoonsalt·2tablespoonscanolaoil·6-1/4to6-3/4cupsbreadflourDirections·Inalargebowl,dissolve(溶解)yeastand1/2teaspoonsugarinwarmwater;letstanduntilbubblesformonsurface.Mixtogether3tablespoonssugar,saltand3cupsflour.Addoilintoyeastmixture,pouryeastmixtureintoflourmixtureandbeatuntilsmooth.Putinenoughremainingflour,1/2cupatatime,toformasoftdough.·Turnontoaflouredsurfaceuntilsmoothandelastic,8-10minutes.Placeinabowl,turningonce.Coverandletriseinawarmplaceuntildoubled,1-1/2to2hours.·Punchdoughdown.Turnintoalightlyflouredsurface；dividedoughinhalf.Shapeeachintoaloaf.Placetwogreasedloafpans.Coverandletriseuntildoubled,1to1-1/2hours.·Bakeat375degreesuntilgoldenbrownandbreadsoundshollowwhentappedorhasreachedaninternaltemperatureof200degrees,30-35minutes.Removefrompanstowirerackstocool.KitchenTips·Becarefulthatyourwaterisn'ttoohotwhenproofingyeast.·Youcanstorehomemadebreadinaplasticbagorabreadboxformaximumfreshness.ReviewsMary,Mar31,2021Iwassuperexcitedtotrythisbreadrecipe,buttheprocesswasabitfrustrating.Theendresultwasgoodthough.Itmightbemorehelpfulifitismadeintoavideo.1.Howmuchsugarisdissolvedwithyeast?A.3teaspoons. B.Halfofateaspoon. C.Halfofatablespoon. D.3tablespoons.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthehomemadebread?A.Ittastessweeterthanotherbread. B.Ittakesabout2hoursintotaltomake.C.Itneedswarmwatertomakethebreaddough. D.Itshouldbestoredinapaperbagtostayfresh.3.WhatdidMarythinkoftherecipe?A.Itisnoteasytofollow. B.Itisgreatforbeginners.C.Itisasgoodassheexpected. D.Itisthebestrecipeshehastried.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹烘焙面包店的食譜、方法、注意事項及反饋。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Directions部分“Inalargebowl,dissolve(溶解)yeastand1/2teaspoonsugarinwarmwater;letstanduntilbubblesformonsurface.(在一個大碗中，將酵母和1/2茶匙糖溶解在溫水中；靜置，直到表面形成氣泡。)”可知，需要半勺糖和酵母一起溶解。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Directions部分“Inalargebowl,dissolve(溶解)yeastand1/2teaspoonsugarinwarmwater;letstanduntilbubblesformonsurface.Mixtogether3tablespoonssugar,saltand3cupsflour.Addoilintoyeastmixture,pouryeastmixtureintoflourmixtureandbeatuntilsmooth.(在一個大碗中，將酵母和1/2茶匙糖溶解在溫水中；靜置，直到表面形成氣泡。將3湯匙糖，鹽和3杯面粉混合在一起。將油加入酵母混合物中，將酵母混合物倒入面粉混合物中，攪拌至順滑。)”可知，自制家庭面包時，需要用溫水制作面包面團。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Iwassuperexcitedtotrythisbreadrecipe,buttheprocesswasabitfrustrating.Theendresultwasgoodthough.Itmightbemorehelpfulifitismadeintoavideo.(我非常高興嘗試這個面包食譜，但這個過程有點令人沮喪。不過最終結(jié)果很好。如果將其制作成視頻，可能會更有幫助。)”可知，Mary認為按照食譜做面包的過程令她沮喪，并且Mary認為，看視頻學做面包的效果更好。故推知，Mary認為遵照食譜做面包的過程是不容易的。故選A項。BJoeyHudickabeganhisentrepreneurial(企業(yè)家的)journeybycreatingastrategygamecalledPuckzwhenhewasjust10yearsold,bycombiningtwoofhisfavoriteinterests–strategygameslikecheckers,andsportslikeicehockey.Seeingtheamazingexperiencesunfoldforherbigbrother,HeidiHudickasetouttocreateherownfirstbusiness,afashionclothinglineforher18dolls.Butoneday,JoeyandHeidimetafterschoolandexperiencedarealbreakthrough.“IwastellingJoeyIwasaskingfriendsiftheywouldlikemetooutsource（外包給）thesewingofmydesignstothem,sinceitisnotreallymyfavoritepartofthatbusiness,butnoneofmyfriendsunderstoodwhatImeantbyoutsourcing,”recallsHeidi.“WhenHeiditoldmewhathappenedafterschoolthatdayIwaslike,‘Yeah!Ihavethesameproblem.’Mostkidsjustdon’tunderstandwhenwetalkaboutourbusiness,orevenwhyitisimportanttounderstandhowbusinesseswork,”saysJoey.“Andthat’swhenwedecidedtodosomethingaboutit,tocreateafunandengagingwaytoteachmorekidsaboutthepoweroftheircreativitythroughinnovationandentrepreneurship.”JoeyandHeidi,alongwiththeirparents,foundedFizzeeLabs,andbegancreatingengaginglearningresourcessuchasOuttaThisWorld,aboardgamethatactivateyourimaginationbyapplyingittoinventamazingnewproductsorexperiences,inafast-paced,competitiveformat.“OuttaThisWorldisajourneythroughthedepthsofouterspace.Youhavebroughtverylimitedsupplieswithyouonyourmission,andyoumustcreativelyrepurposethesesupplies,transformingthemintobrand-newproductsorexperiencesthatcanbesoldtothedifferentcivilizationsyouwillmeetalongyourjourney,raisingthefundsyouneedtoreachyourdestination!”describesJoey.4.WhatinspiredHeiditostartherfirstbusiness?A.Herparents’inspiration. B.Herpassionforafashionclothing.C.Herbrother’sgamebusiness. D.Herfriends’ignoranceofbusiness.5.WhoisFizzeeLabsintendedfor?A.Thestudentswhowanttoplayboardgames.B.Thekidswhowanttosellengagingproducts.C.Thechildrenwhowanttoinventamazingproducts.D.Thepupilswhowanttolearnaboutthepowerofcreativity.6.WhatdoweknowaboutOuttaThisWorld?A.Playerscanraisefundsthroughthegame.B.Playerscanliveafast-pacedwayoflifeafterthegame.C.Playerscanexperienceajourneytoturntheircreativityintobenefitsinthegame.D.Playerscanselltheiroriginalsuppliestothedifferentcivilizationsinthegame.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJoeyandHeidi?A.Creativeandcooperative. B.Innovativeandhonest.C.Humorousandaggressive. D.Competitiveandambitious.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一對年少就涉足商圈的創(chuàng)業(yè)兄妹Joey和Heidi，為激發(fā)同齡人的創(chuàng)造性，讓他們意識到創(chuàng)新和商業(yè)的重要性，在父母的支持下一起創(chuàng)辦了一家公司，專門研發(fā)益智類的學習素材?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Seeingtheamazingexperiencesunfoldforherbigbrother,HeidiHudickasetouttocreateherownfirstbusiness,afashionclothinglineforher18dolls.(海蒂·胡迪卡看到哥哥的驚人經(jīng)歷后，開始創(chuàng)辦自己的第一家公司，為她的18個娃娃設計時裝。)”可知，海蒂哥哥的游戲生意激勵了她創(chuàng)辦自己的第一家公司。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Andthat’swhenwedecidedtodosomethingaboutit,tocreateafunandengagingwaytoteachmorekidsaboutthepoweroftheircreativitythroughinnovationandentrepreneurship.(就在那時，我們決定做點什么，創(chuàng)造一種有趣、吸引人的方式，通過創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)，讓更多的孩子了解他們的創(chuàng)造力的力量。)”可知，F(xiàn)izzeeLabs的目的在于啟發(fā)孩子們的創(chuàng)造性，讓孩子們通過創(chuàng)新和理解商業(yè)的運作方式，來了解自己創(chuàng)造力的力量。所以，目標群體就是那些要了解自己創(chuàng)造力的孩子們。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段尤其最后一段“Youhavebroughtverylimitedsupplieswithyouonyourmission,andyoumustcreativelyrepurposethesesupplies,transformingthemintobrand-newproductsorexperiencesthatcanbesoldtothedifferentcivilizationsyouwillmeetalongyourjourney,raisingthefundsyouneedtoreachyourdestination!(在你的任務中，你帶來了非常有限的供應品，你必須創(chuàng)造性地重新利用這些供應品，將它們轉(zhuǎn)變成全新的產(chǎn)品或體驗，可以出售給你將在旅途中遇到的不同文明，籌集你到達目的地所需的資金!)”可知，這個游戲是創(chuàng)業(yè)兄妹的FizzeeLabs提供的學習方式中的一種，這個游戲提供了一個外太空的任務：帶著自己有限的供給品，用自己的創(chuàng)造力將其變成全新的產(chǎn)品或者體驗形式，并拿去與太空其他外星文明交換資金，以便自己順利到達目的地——通過這個游戲，玩家可以體驗商業(yè)運作模式，即用自己的創(chuàng)造力產(chǎn)生利益的過程。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Andthat’swhenwedecidedtodosomethingaboutit,tocreateafunandengagingwaytoteachmorekidsaboutthepoweroftheircreativitythroughinnovationandentrepreneurship.(就在那時，我們決定做點什么，創(chuàng)造一種有趣、吸引人的方式，通過創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)，讓更多的孩子了解他們的創(chuàng)造力的力量。)”和第四段“JoeyandHeidi,alongwiththeirparents,foundedFizzeeLabs,andbegancreatingengaginglearningresources(喬伊和海蒂和他們的父母一起創(chuàng)建了Fizzee實驗室，并開始創(chuàng)建引人入勝的學習資源)”可推斷，兩兄妹是有創(chuàng)新精神和合作精神的。故選A。CRecently,manyclimatechangecampaignsandorganizationshavemarketedthemselvesusingimagesofpolarbearslosingtheirhabitat.Thishasledmanypeopletoviewthepolarbearastheglobalicon(象征物)forourclimatecrisis.Thepolarbearhasbecomesowidespreadbecauseitdoesanexcellentjobofplayingonanaudience'semotionsandconvincingthemthatthereisanurgentproblemonEarth.Theimageryofapolarbearisalsomuchmoreattractivethanascientificgraph(圖表)orchartofincreasingsealevelsorextremeweathereventoccurrences.However,usingpolarbearsastheonlyiconofourchangingclimateisflawed(有錯的).Forone,itonlyrepresentsoneeffectofclimatechange,globalwarming,andnotclimatechangeitself.Itneglectstoaddressotheraspectssuchasextremeweatherevents,oceanacidification,etc.Whileglobalwarmingisanimportantimpactofclimatechange,theotheraspectsneedtobecommunicatedaswellsinceclimatechangemaynotevencausewarmingincertainpartsoftheworld—itcouldleadtoseveresnowstormsorcolderwintersinstead.Thus,communicatingtheseotherelementsisvitalbecauseitcanreducemuchofthemisinformationsurroundingourclimateandgivestheaudienceamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofourplanet.Moreover,usingpolarbearsisproblematicbecausemostpeopledonotliveanywherenearpolarbearhabitat.Thismakespolarbearsfeelfarremovedfromourownpersonalreality-thusmakingclimatechangefeelfarremovedfromourlives.Sinceclimatechangeisanythingbutadistantphenomenon,asymbolthatcommunicatesthewaysinwhichtheclimatecrisisaffectshumanscouldbemoreconvincingandpushmorepeopletoact.Eventhoughusingthepolarbearastheiconofclimatechangeislimitedinconveyingthefullscopeofourclimatecrisis,itcanactasanagentofopeninguptheconversationaboutenvironmentalissuesandinspiringviewerstodivedeeperintolearningaboutclimatechange.8.Whyarepolarbearspreferredasmarketingimages?A.Theirimageryismoreconvincing.B.Theyarelikelytolosetheirhabitats.C.Theyareuniquevictimsoftheclimatecrisis.D.Thedataonthemoftenappearinscientificgraphs.9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Polarbearsaretheonlyindicatorofclimatechange.B.Climatechangeisboundtoresultinglobalwarming.C.Allelementsofclimatechangehavebeencommunicatedtothepublic.D.Usingpolarbearsastheonlyiconofclimatechangewillcausesomeproblems.10Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"refertoinParagraph4?A.Failingtounderstandourplanet.B.Refusingtotakeimmediateaction.C.Livingapartfrompolarbearhabitat.D.Usingpolarbearstoexplainclimatechange.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheoccurrenceofclimatechangeB.ThepossibleimpactofclimatechangeC.ThedangeroussymbolofpolarbearsD.Theimportanceofprotectingpolarbears【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。最近，許多氣候變化運動和組織利用北極熊失去棲息地的圖像來宣傳自己。這使得許多人將北極熊視為氣候危機的全球標志。雖然用北極熊作為氣候變化的標志，在傳達我們的氣候危機的全面范圍上是有限的，但它可以作為一個媒介，能夠開啟關(guān)于環(huán)境問題的對話，并激勵觀眾深入了解氣候變化?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theimageryofapolarbearisalsomuchmoreattractivethanascientificgraph(圖表)orchartofincreasingsealevelsorextremeweathereventoccurrences.(北極熊的形象也比海平面上升或極端天氣事件發(fā)生的科學圖表或統(tǒng)計圖更有吸引力。)”可知北極熊的形象比其他科學圖表更加有吸引力，容易使人信服，所以人們喜歡把北極熊作為營銷形象。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“However,usingpolarbearsastheonlyiconofourchangingclimateisflawed(有錯的)(然而，用北極熊作為氣候變化的唯一標志是有缺陷的).”及段落其他內(nèi)容的分析可推知把北極熊作為氣候的唯一標志是有缺陷的，可能會引起一些問題。故選D。【10題詳解】詞句猜測題。劃線詞是指示代詞，指代前文的內(nèi)容，前文是“Moreover,usingpolarbearsisproblematicbecausemostpeopledonotliveanywherenearpolarbearhabitat.(此外，使用北極熊也是有問題的，因為大多數(shù)人都不住在北極熊棲息地附近。)”，由此可知this指大多數(shù)人都不住在北極熊棲息地附近的這種現(xiàn)象。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Eventhoughusingthepolarbearastheiconofclimatechangeislimitedinconveyingthefullscopeofourclimatecrisis,itcanactasanagentofopeninguptheconversationaboutenvironmentalissuesandinspiringviewerstodivedeeperintolearningaboutclimatechange.(雖然用北極熊作為氣候變化的標志，在傳達我們的氣候危機的全面范圍上是有限的，但它可以作為一個媒介，能夠開啟關(guān)于環(huán)境問題的對話，并激勵觀眾深入了解氣候變化。)”可知文章主要講北極熊作為氣候危機變化的標志，雖然有缺陷，但能吸引人們關(guān)注其后變化。結(jié)合選項可知選項C.Thedangeroussymbolofpolarbears(北極熊的危險氣候象征)概括較為全面。故選C。DAspirinwasdiscoveredin1897,andanexplanationofhowitworksfollowedin1995.That,inturn,hasencouragedsomeresearchleadsonmakingbetterpainrelieversthroughsomethingotherthantrialanderror.Thiskindofdiscovery—answersfirst,explanationslater—iscalled"intellectualdebt".Wegainunderstandingofwhatworkswithoutknowingwhyitworks.Wecanputthatunderstandingtouseimmediately,andthentellourselveswe'llfigureoutthedetailslater.Sometimeswepayoffthedebtquickly;sometimes,aswithaspirin,ittakesacentury;andsometimesweneverpayitoffatall.IntheAgeofIntelligence,whilemachinelearningpresentslotsofproblemsandgetsthingswrong,atleastweknowenoughtobewaryofthepredictionsproducedbythesystemandtoarguethattheyshouldn'tbeblindlyfollowed:butifasystemperformsperfectly（andwedon'tknowwhy）,thenwecometorelyonitandforgetaboutitandsufferconsequenceswhenitgoeswrong.It'sthedifferencebetweenknowingyourcarhasfaultybrakesandnotknowing:botharebad,butifyouknowthereisaproblemwithyourbrakes,youcanincreaseyourfollowingdistance,driveslowlyandgettoamechanicassoonaspossible.Ifyoudon'tknow,you'relikelytofindoutthehardway,at80mphonthehighwaywhenthecarinfrontofyoucomestoasuddenstopandyourbrakesgiveout.Wedon'thavemuchbywayofsolutions.Mostimportant,weshouldn'ttrickourselvesintothinkingthatmachinelearningaloneisallthatmatters.Indeed,withoutlifevalue,machinelearningmaynotbemeaningfulanswersatall.12.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningaspirininthefirstparagraph?A.Topresenttheresearchprocessofaspirin.B.Tointroduceasimilarsituationmachinelearningfaces.C.Toshowthedifficultyinexplaininghowaspirinworks.D.Toprovewecanusesomethingevenwhenwedon'tunderstand.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"wary"probablymeaninParagraph2?A.Negative. B.Doubtful. C.Anxious. D.Watchful.14.Howdoesthewriterprovethatit'spotentiallyworseifasystemperformsperfectly?A.Bytellingastory. B.Bygivingadefinition.C.Bydoinganexperiment. D.Bymakingcomparison.15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthewriterlikelytoagreewith?A.It'sOKaslongasasystemworkswell. B.It'simpossibletopayoffIntellectualdebt.C.It'sunwisetorelyblindlyonmachinelearning. D.Itmakesnosensetopayattentiontolifevalue.【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹在智能時代，如果一個系統(tǒng)太過完美，會導致人的盲目依賴。相反，如果知道機器學習會出錯，我們才會警覺。告誡我們不要盲目依賴機器學習?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Aspirinwasdiscoveredin1897,andanexplanationofhowitworksfollowedin1995.That,inturn,hasencouragedsomeresearchleadsonmakingbetterpainrelieversthroughsomethingotherthantrialanderror.Thiskindofdiscovery—answersfirst,explanationslater—iscalled"intellectualdebt".Wegainunderstandingofwhatworkswithoutknowingwhyitworks.Wecanputthatunderstandingtouseimmediately,andthentellourselveswe'llfigureoutthedetailslater.Sometimeswepayoffthedebtquickly;sometimes,aswithaspirin,ittakesacentury;andsometimesweneverpayitoffatall.（阿司匹林于1897年被發(fā)現(xiàn)，在1995年對其工作原理進行了解釋。反過來，這又鼓勵了一些研究，通過除了試驗和錯誤以外的其他東西來制造更好的止痛藥。這種發(fā)現(xiàn)先回答，后解釋。被稱為“智力債務”。我們了解了什么有效，而不知道它為什么有效。我們可以立即使用這種理解，然后告訴自己，我們稍后會弄清楚細節(jié)。有時我們很快還清債務。有時，就像阿司匹林一樣，需要一個世紀。有時我們根本沒有還清。）”可知，文章第一段通過阿司匹林的故事提出“智力債務”的概念。第二段“IntheAgeofIntelligence,whilemachinelearningpresentslotsofproblemsandgetsthingswrong,atleastweknowenoughtobewaryofthepredictionsproducedbythesystemandtoarguethattheyshouldn'tbeblindlyfollowed:butifasystemperformsperfectly（andwedon'tknowwhy）,thenwecometorelyonitandforgetaboutitandsufferconsequenceswhenitgoeswrong.（在智能時代，雖然機器學習帶來了很多問題，并且犯了錯誤，但至少我們知道對系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的預測足夠警惕，并認為它們不應該被盲目遵循：但是如果一個系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)完美（并且我們不知道為什么），那么我們就會依賴它，忘記它，并在出錯時承擔后果。）”是在作者根據(jù)阿司匹林提出“智力債務”后，發(fā)現(xiàn)在智能時代也出現(xiàn)類似現(xiàn)象：我們即使不明白，但是先依賴機器系統(tǒng)，并在出錯時承擔后果。故第一段提到阿司匹林的目的是：介紹機器學習面臨的類似情況。故選B項?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“IntheAgeofIntelligence,whilemachinelearningpresentslotsofproblemsandgetsthingswrong,atleastweknowenoughtobewaryofthepredictionsproducedbythesystemandtoarguethattheyshouldn'tbeblindlyfollowed:butifasystemperformsperfectly（andwedon'tknowwhy）,thenwecometorelyonitandforgetaboutitandsufferconsequenceswhenitgoeswrong.（在智能時代，雖然機器學習帶來了很多問題，并且犯了錯誤，但至少我們知道對系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的預測保持wary，并認為它們不應該被盲目遵循：但是如果一個系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)完美（并且我們不知道為什么），那么我們就會依賴它，忘記它，并在出錯時承擔后果。）”中的“andtoarguethattheyshouldn'tbeblindlyfollowed”可知，人們知道不能盲目遵循機器系統(tǒng)，要保持警惕。故推測wary與watchful意思相近，表示“警惕的”，故選D項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“It'sthedifferencebetweenknowingyourcarhasfaultybrakesandnotknowing:botharebad,butifyouknowthereisaproblemwithyourbrakes,youcanincreaseyourfollowingdistance,driveslowlyandgettoamechanicassoonaspossible.Ifyoudon'tknow,you'relikelytofindoutthehardway,at80mphonthehighwaywhenthecarinfrontofyoucomestoasuddenstopandyourbrakesgiveout.（這是知道你的車剎車有問題和不知道之間的區(qū)別：兩者都不好，但如果你知道你的剎車有問題，你可以增加你的跟隨距離，慢慢開車，并盡快找到機械師。如果你不知道，你很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)一條艱難的道路，在高速公路上以80英里每小時的速度行駛，當你前面的車突然停下來，你的剎車失靈。）”可知，作者通過對知道汽車剎車有問題和不知道剎車有問題兩個例子的比較。依賴汽車系統(tǒng)，不知道剎車失靈，可能會導致更糟的結(jié)果。作者通過比較論證了如果一個系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)完美，情況可能會更糟。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wedon'thavemuchbywayofsolutions.Mostimportant,weshouldn'ttrickourselvesintothinkingthatmachinelearningaloneisallthatmatters.Indeed,withoutlifevalue,machinelearningmaynotbemeaningfulanswersatall.（我們沒有太多的解決方案。最重要的是，我們不應該自欺欺人，讓自己認為機器學習本身才是最重要的。事實上，沒有生命的價值，機器學習可能根本就不是有意義的答案。）”可知，作者認為機器學習本身沒有生命價值，并不重要，所以盲目依靠機器學習是不明智的。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Wealldolittlethingstoboostthewaywefeelandthinkthroughouttheday.Somethingassimpleastakingawalkoreatingapieceofchocolatecanbrightenyourmoodalmostinstantly,thankstocertainchemicalreactionsthatoccurinthebrain.___16___Ifyou'regoingthroughsomethingcomplex,youneedamorepermanentpractice.That'swherewritingcomesin.AsMentalHealthAwarenessMonthbegins,it'sworthlearningaboutthewaysthatyoucanusewritingtosupportyourmentalwell-being.___17___Usewritingformindfulness.Mindfulnessisatried-and-truetechniqueforimprovingmentalwellness,butcanwritinghavethesameeffect?___18___Byfocusingonaparticularmomentandgettingitalloutthereonthepage,youcanfreeyourselffromanyoftheotherconcernsthatarecrowdingyourmind.Thisway,youcanusewritingasanapproachtomindfulnessandasawayofrelievingstress.Anotherbenefittowritingisitsabilitytoclearyourmindofworries,negativethoughts,orsourcesofpain.___19___Fortunately,writingcanspeeduptheprocessofrestoringmentalclarity.___20___Peopleweremorelikelytotalktoothersaboutapainfuleventafterwritingaboutitprivately,whichpowerfullysuggeststhatwritingcanindirectlyleadtoreachingoutforsupport,whichcanmeanevengreaterhealingandrelief.Throughtheprocessofpopulatingablankpagewithlettersandwords,writingcanbeausefulmentalhealthtoolthatbothrecordsyourexperiencesandallowsyoutoworkthroughthem.A.Becomemoreself-aware.B.Thesepleasuresarejusttemporary,however.C.There'srealpowerbehindthepen—here'swhy.D.Writingisalsothebestmethodofself-caretreatment.E.Clearingyourbrainofnegativethoughtscanbereallytoughwork.F.Actually,theactofwritingforamere20minuteseachdaycanwork.G.Thisisbecausewritingtendstostimulatequestionsaboutyourlifeanddirection-【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.E20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章認為寫作可以改善心理健康，并說明了原因。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Somethingassimpleastakingawalkoreatingapieceofchocolatecanbrightenyourmoodalmostinstantly,thankstocertainchemicalreactionsthatoccurinthebrain.”(由于大腦中發(fā)生的某些化學反應，像散步或吃一塊巧克力這樣簡單的事情幾乎可以立刻讓你的心情變好。)可知，選項B中的“Thesepleasures”是指像散步或吃一塊巧克力這樣簡單的事情帶來的快樂，根據(jù)后文“Ifyou'regoingthroughsomethingcomplex,youneedamorepermanentpractice.”(如果你正在經(jīng)歷一些復雜的事情，你需要一個更持久的練習。)可知，這樣的快樂并不持久，所以選項B“然而，這些快樂只是暫時的。”切合文意。故選B。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“it'sworthlearningaboutthewaysthatyoucanusewritingtosupportyourmentalwell-being.”(學習如何用寫作來支持你的精神健康是值得的。)可知，此處提到寫作可以支持你的精神健康，對應選項C中的“There'srealpowerbehindthepen”(筆的背后有真正的力量)，根據(jù)后文“Usewritingformindfulness.”(用寫作來保持專注。)，“Anotherbenefittowritingisitsabilitytoclearyourmindofworries,negativethoughts,orsourcesofpain.”(寫作的另一個好處是它能夠清除你的擔憂，消極的想法，或痛苦的來源。)可知，后文是講寫作有什么好處，也就是說為什么說筆的背后有真正的力量的原因?？崭裉幤鸬匠猩蠁⑾碌淖饔谩Ｋ赃x項C“筆的背后有真正的力量——以下是原因。”切合文意。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Mindfulnessisatried-and-truetechniqueforimprovingmentalwellness,butcanwritinghavethesameeffect?”(正念是一種久經(jīng)考驗的改善心理健康的方法，但寫作也能有同樣的效果嗎？)可知，此處提問寫作是否能改善心理健康，所以空格處應是對這個問題的回答，根據(jù)后文“Byfocusingonaparticularmomentandgettingitalloutthereonthepage,youcanfreeyourselffromanyoftheotherconcernsthatarecrowdingyourmind.Thisway,youcanusewritingasanapproachtomindfulnessandasawayofrelievingstress.”(把注意力集中在某個特定的時刻，把所有的事情都寫在紙上，你就可以把自己從那些擠滿你頭腦的其他事情中解放出來。這樣，你就可以把寫作當作一種正念和緩解壓力的方法。)可知，回答是肯定的，所以選項F(事實上，每天寫作20分鐘就可以起到作用了。)切合文意。故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Anotherbenefittowritingisitsabilitytoclearyourmindofworries,negativethoughts,orsourcesofpain.”(寫作的另一個好處是它能夠清除你的擔憂，消極的想法，或痛苦的來源。)可知，此處是提到清除消極的想法，根據(jù)后文“Fortunately,writingcanspeeduptheprocessofrestoringmentalclarity.”(幸運的是，寫作可以加速恢復頭腦清晰的過程。)中的Fortunately可知，此處是指清除消極的想法可能會很難，所以選項E“清除大腦中的消極想法是一項艱巨的工作?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Peopleweremorelikelytotalktoothersaboutapainfuleventafterwritingaboutitprivately,whichpowerfullysuggeststhatwritingcanindirectlyleadtoreachingoutforsupport,whichcanmeanevengreaterhealingandrelief.”(人們在私下把一件痛苦的事情寫下來后，更愿意和別人談論這件事，這有力地表明，寫作可以間接地導致尋求支持，這意味著更大的治愈和解脫。)可知，此處是講寫作是一種自我治愈的好方法，所以選項D“寫作也是自我護理的最好方法?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xD。第三部分、語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IreceivedaprivatemessageonFacebook.Itbeganharmlesslyenough:“Hi,girl.Wantedto____21____youtojoinmynextchallengegroup—Wewillbe____22____onfittingin30minutesofexerciseandbalancednutrition."Itwasallbecomingtoomuch.Facebookwas____23____mylife,notme.ButwhatkilledFacebookformewaswhenI____24____aphotoandmysonaskedmehowmany“l(fā)ikes”ithadgot.Hisquestionwasa____25____call.“Likes”aresignsofacceptanceand____26____.Ihadforgottentheybothneedtocomefromwithinandhad____27____sethimabadexample.Torecreatethesimplicityofthosedaysandseta____28____exampleformyson,Ideactivated（解除）myFacebook____29____.Ihadbeeninthehabitof_____30_____Facebookmanytimesaday,soIhadtocomeupwithsomenewhabits.I_____31_____anovelandacrosswordpuzzlebookaroundwithme.Irediscoveredknittingandyogaclasses.Istartedto_____32_____afewthingsMybodyisfinejustthewayitis.Ihave_____33_____whowillhelpmeoutwhenIamintrouble.Idomybesttobeagoodmotherandoursonishappyandhealthy.Istoppedlookingattheworldthroughmycellphone.Ifeltcompletely_____34_____inthemoment.The_____35_____leftmefeelingbetteraboutmyself,myfamily,myhomeandmylife.Lesssocialmediaismore.21.A.invite B.help C.contact D.reward22.A.commenting B.researching C.focusing D.relying23.A.ruining B.promoting C.instructing D.running24.A.posted B.took C.copied D.designed25.A.warm-up B.wake-up C.follow-up D.come-up26.A.liberation B.patience C.approval D.sympathy27.A.unknowingly B.understandingly C.dramatically D.willingly28.A.major B.healthy C.single D.plain29.A.assignment B.performance C.platform D.account30.A.answering B.checking C.designing D.sending31.A.carried B.bought C.ordered D.reviewed32.A.expect B.recognize C.treat D.reject33.A.strangers B.specialists C.opponents D.friends34.A.responsible B.typical C.present D.confident35.A.concern B.message C.origin D.break【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.A25.B26.C27.A28.B29.D30.B31.A