考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷11（共9

套）

（共195題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共25題，每題1.0

分,共25分。）

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelyget

towork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.

Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germor

cellthatcausestheproblemandtofindwaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemost

seriousofcases,inwhichtheentirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgrave

risk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soasto

safeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.Theprocessofvaccination

allowsthepatient'sbodyiodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitis

encountered,onecanfightitoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordead

strainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,so

thathisbody'simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationon

howtopenetratethedisease'sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient's

immunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturally,inwhichgeneticinformationispassed

fromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththe

realproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydone

sobefore.Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventhe

weakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodyto

handle,resultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbing,and,therefore,thepatient'sdeath.

Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemic

thatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbers

ofsettlers.Approximatelyonein10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevaccinecontractsthe

smallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopulationof

iheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,3,000Americanswould

beleftdead.Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly

1970s,endingthemandatoryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofa

reintroductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultingin

moreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyablessing,may

indeedhidesomehiddencurses.

1、Howdovaccinesprotecthumansfromdiseasesaccordingtoparagraph2?

A>Bytrainingtheimmunesystemtofightweakerversionsofthedisease.

B、Bypassinginformationonhowtofightthediseasetotheimmunesystem.

C、Byweakeningthediseasesothattheimmunesystemcandefeatit.

D、Introducingthediseasetothebody,sothatsurvivorshavealreadyfoughtit.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：屬事實細節(jié)題。相關信息在第二段第一、二句：接種疫苗是通過將弱

小或死亡的菌株注射入監(jiān)控環(huán)境下的病人體內(nèi)，讓人體對病毒或疾病產(chǎn)生免疫力，

這樣萬一碰上病毒或疾病，人體就可以自然戰(zhàn)勝它。由此可知，選項A符合此

意，其中training是原文develop的同義詞。其他選項都與原文不符。

2、Whatdoestheexampleofthesmallpoxvaccineillustrate?

A、Thewaythatvaccinesprotectpeoplefromdiseases.

Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindiseases.

C、Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

D、Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

標準答案：D--

知識點解析：屬信息推斷題。題目中的關鍵詞smallpoxvaccine出現(xiàn)在第三段第

三、四句：天花疫苗的情況就是這樣，該疫苗試圖消滅曾幾乎使全美土著居民滅絕

并造成大量移民死亡的天花傳染病卻造成了大量接種疫苗者的死亡。事實上，這兩

句是對上文的舉例說明：但是整個接種過程還有隱患。由此可知，選項D正確。

選項A與原文內(nèi)容不符；選項B與此句正相反；選項C不是主要目的。

3、Theauthorarguesthatvaccinationsarebothablessingandacursebecause.

A^savingthemanywouldnotnecessarilyjustifythedeathofthefew

B、somevaccines,suchasthesmallpoxvaccine,havenegativesideeffects

C^theydon'talwayswork

D、whilemanylivesaresaved,someareactuallykilledbythevaccine

標準答案：D

知識點解析：屬事實細節(jié)題。題目中的關鍵詞ablessingandacurse出現(xiàn)在文章最

后一句（本是一件好事的接種工作背后隱藏著不少非議），它是對上文的總結，即上

文是它的原因。不過，該病若卷土重來，就還要實行強制接種，而這必將造成由接

種而帶來的更多意外死亡。由此可知，選項D正確。選項A、B在原文中沒有推

理依據(jù)；選項C與最后一段的第一句意思不符：值得慶幸的是，在20世紀70年

代初，天花病毒就已被消滅。

4、Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe.

A、TheSmallpoxVaccine:AnAnalysis

B、HowVaccinesWork

C^Vaccines:MethodsandImplications

D、AWarningontheNegativeSideEffectsofVaccines

標準答案：C

知識點解析：屬主旨思想題。文章第一段最后一句指出：接種疫苗可以用來保護全

部人口，控制疾病要延。第二段介紹了接種疫苗的過程、方法；第三段指出了一些

危險因素；最后一段總結上文，再次強調(diào)接種疫苗的重耍意義。由此可知，選項C

正確。選項A、B、D都是文中細節(jié)，不能概括全文。

5、Themainpurposeofthetextisto.

A、convincethereaderthatvaccinesarenotassafeasmanythink

B、educatethereaderonhowvaccinesarcusedandsomeoftheirdangers

C、educatethereaderonthecircumstancesthatwouldneccesitatewidespread

vaccinations

D^presentthemethodbywhichvaccinesareusedthroughthecaseofthesmallpox

vaccine

標準答案：B

知識點解析：屬主旨思想題。由上題的分析可知，本文的主要目的是認識接種疫苗

的用途及危險。因此，選項B正確。其他選項都是文中提到的細節(jié)，部分正確。

YaleUniversityPresidentRichardLevinhasannouncedthatattheendoftheschool

year,histwentiethatthehelmofYaleUniversity,hewillstepdown.TheNewYork

Timescoverageoutlinedhisachievements:Underhispresidency,theuniversityhas

greatlyexpandeditsacademicfacilities,includingnewquartersforscienceandmedicine

andanewbusinessschoolcampus;hasoverhauleditsbuildings,includingall12

undergraduateresidentialcolleges;hasstartedconstructionoftworesidentialcollegesto

makeroomforthefirstmajorexpansioninundergraduateenrollmentindecades;andhas

embarkedonnewprogramsoverseas."Rick'spresidencyhasn'tbeenrevolutionary,"said

AnthonyKronman,aformerlawschooldean."It'sbeenasteady,persistentaccumulation

that,Iwouldsay,adduptoamassivesetofachievements."[RI]Levinhas

certainlybetweenamasterfundraiser,andhehasincreasedthequantityandqualityof

universityfacilitiesthathaddeterioratedaftermanyyearsofdeferredmaintenance.

[R2]Whenitcomestointellectualleadership,however,Levin'sepitaphshould

notbesosunny.First,Levinhaspresidedoveracontractionintheembraceoffree

speech.In2012,theuniversitycameinfifthonalistofthetop12universityviolatorsof

freespeech.CompromisesinherentinYale'soverseasbranchinSingaporeareonlythe

latestinaseriesneatlysummarizedbyrecentYalegraduateShaunTan.[R3]

Levinhasalsopresidedoveranincreaseinpunishmentforcontroversialand

offensivespeech,suchassomestudents'cruderidiculeoftheuniversityWomen'sCenter.

InfantilizingstudentshasbeenanevengreaterandmoredeleteriousLevinlegacy.Rather

thanletstudentssinkorswimontheirownmeritsandexcelontheirowninitiative,Levin

hasbuiltaformidablesupportstructuretocoddlestudentsatalmosteverylevel.[R4]

Theinfantilizinghasexpandedintotheextra-curricularandevenoff-campus

spheres.EvisceratingdonorintentisathirdLevinlegacy.[R5]Nevermindthat

Levin'ssalaryhascontinuedtoincrease,evenasfundsforstudentopportunitieshave

beencut.NolongerwilllopClassicsmajors,forexample,beabletostudyinGreece

becausetheirfundinghasbeencuttolessthanthatofroundtripairfare,amovemeantto

demonstratefairnesstoothergroupslikesociologymajors,whosealumnihadn'tgiven

equalamountstoenablesuchscholarships.Universitieshavebecomeabigbusiness.If

Levinisjudgedjustbythefinancialbalancesheet,thenperhapshesucceeded.Ifheis

judged,however,bytheinculcationofliberty,individualresponsibility,andawillingness

tostandupforintellectualprinciple,than,alas,hehasfailed.[AJThere'snothingwrong,

ofcourse,withprovidingtutoringservicesforthosewhorequireandrequestit,but

monitoringastudentprogressateveryleveltoblurthedistinctionbetweenhardwordand

entitlementdoesbothstudentsandemployersadisservice.[B]Dr.Levin'sadministration

hasincreasedYale'sendowmentfasterthanthoseofitspeers,despiteheavycapital

spending;asofmid-2011,itstoodat$19.4billion,secondonlytoHarvards.[C|Lawyers

mightexplainuniversityactionsintermsoftheconceptofinlocoparents,theideathat

theuniversityislegallyrequiredtoactinplaceofparentstoprotectstudents.[D]Hehas

alsoimprovedrelationswithboththecityofNewHavenandthelocalunions,largelyby

givingintotheirdemands,inasenseanothertypeofdeferredmaintenance.[E]While

bureaucraticlogiccanexplaintherequirementforstudentorganizationstoregistertheir

activity,bigbrothermanagementrunsroughshodoverstudentinitiativeandincreasingly

inculcatesstudentstotheideathattheymustalwaysrelyonlargergovernmentstructures.

|F]LevinalsopresidedoverunprecedentededitorialinterferenceintheYaleUniversity

PresstopreventpublicationofcartoonsoftheProphetMuhammadinanacademicwork

aboutthecontroversialcartoons.[G]Levinhascappedstudentprizesandawardsto

equalizethemacrossdepartments,divertinganyexcessintotheuniversity'sgeneralfund.

6、[RI]

標準答案：B

知識點解析：空格前講到萊文在任期間，耶魯大學擴建擴容，學校在美國境內(nèi)和海

外的項目都有著長足的發(fā)展。而下段首句指出萊文是一個masterfundraiser,即他

的資金籌措能力非同尋常，本句承上啟下，由此可以判斷空格處的內(nèi)容應該表達萊

文為耶魯大學爭取校友及各界捐助的超凡能力。所給選項中只有[B]是關于捐助和

資金額度的表達，故為正確選項。

7、[R2]

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本文作者對?萊文的評價是很客觀的，既認可他為耶魯大學的發(fā)展、基

礎建設、基金籌集等方面所做的貢獻，也指出了他在發(fā)展耶魯言論自由、獨立自主

等氛圍方面的不足。文章的前三段都在講萊文的政績，第四段首句用了轉折連詞

however,之后所敘述的內(nèi)容均是對萊文的負面評價，由此可以判斷此處空格內(nèi)容

應仍為對萊文的正面評價，選項中只有[D]是對萊文的正面評價Hehasalso

improvedrelationswith...,因此[D]為正確答案。

8、[R3]

標準答案：F

知識點解析：本段首句講到萊文對耶魯在校生的言論自由采取contraction,即“壓

制''的態(tài)度，空格后同樣是講萊文對在校學生帶有爭議性以及攻擊性的言論進行r

相應懲戒，可見，本段主要是講其對學校自由言論的遏制。[F]中包括

unprecedentededitorialinterference等詞匯，表達的意思是萊文干預耶魯大學出版社

出版某些刊物，符合本段言論出版自由的主題，因此［F］為正確選項。

9、［R4］

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題所在段落的首句指出萊文的另一個不足，即對學生的過度管理，

耶魯?shù)拇髮W生被當作小核子一樣管理，"Levinhasbuiltaformidablesupportstructure

tocoddlestudentsatalmosteverylevel”，萊文建立了一個強大的幫助體系，過分溺

愛每個年級的學生。［A］1?的monitoringastudentprogressateverylevel是對空格前

語句的意思作進一步的解釋，指出雖然必要的幫助是有益的，但是過度地呵護學生

會影響他們的健康成長；而且本選項與空格后句子的核心詞匯infantilizing和ex—

tra-curricular,evenoff-campusspheres銜接，所以［A］為正確答案。［C］和［E］中雖然

也包括有“l(fā)ocoparents”或是“parents”這樣表達“充當、扮演父母角色”的詞匯，但是

這兩個選項的主題是講律師們和學校官方的觀點，邏輯上不符合要求。

10、［R5］

標準答案：G

知識點解析：本段主要講萊文對學校的獎學金、助學金分配不公。本題空格前提到

了萊文的Evisceratingdonorintent,他違背捐贈人的意圖，對學校收到的捐款進行

了重新分配，可以判斷本段的主題是獎學金和助學金，根據(jù)這一主題詞可以定位答

案。所給選項中涉及對獎、助學金分配的只有［G］,該選項更加詳細地解釋了英文

是如何違背捐贈人的意圖重新配置獎、助學金的，因此［G］為正確答案。

Whenacompanyunexpectedlyfindsitselflosingmarketshareandtakingabeatingatthe

handsofitscompetitors,it'saclearsignalthatachangeisneeded.Foravarietyof

reasons,anycompanycansuddenlylosethecompetitiveadvantagethatitpreviously

enjoyed.Themarkofastrongbusiness,however,isitsabilitytoovercomesuchsetbacks

andreclaimitspositionasthefrontrunnerinitsfield.Oneofthegreatestvariablesinthe

process,however,istechnology,whichononehandmakesbusinessesmoreefficientand

thusprofitablethanpreviouslythoughtpossible,butchangesatsucharapidpacethatfew

businessesutilizeittoitsfullpotential.Thosecompaniesthatinvestheavilyinthelatest

technologyofthedaymayfindtheirmachinesoutdatedandobsoletethenextyear,thus

losingtheadvantagethattheyhopedtogain,andalsoasubstantialamountofinvestment

moneyaswell.Thosewhoaremorecautiousandbuylessofthelatestgadgetrymay

learnthattechnologychangesmoreslowly,andtheircompetitorswhoinvestedmore

heavilynowholdtheupperhand.It'sagameofhitandmiss.Becauseoftheunevenand

unpredictablepaceofprogressbetweentechnologicalfields,companiesaredevoting

moreandmoreresourcestonotonlyacquiringmoreofthelatestdevelopments,but

researchingthefactorsthatdeterminetheirproductionsoastopositionthemselvesbetter

toadapttothenextchange.Thisstrategyhasbeenproducingpositiveresultsforthose

whoemployit,butitisamassivelyexpensiveone,limitingitsviabilitytoonlythe

largestcompanies,whoarealreadyenjoyingmanyadvantagesinthemarket.Such

dynamicsmakeitincreasinglydifficultlornewstartupcompaniestobreakinto

establishedmarkets,lackingthefundingandcashreservesnecessarytoplaythegamethe

samewayasthebigboysdo.Thesametechnologythatkeepsthelargecompanieson

top,however,canstilltopplethem.New,smallercompanieshavelesstoloseandthus

canaffordtogambleonnewtechnologiesthatlargercompaniesconsidertooriskyto

devotethemselvesto.Intherareoccurrenceswhentheseriskyendeavorsbearfruit,

provingthemselvestobethewayofthefuture,therewardstothosedaringenough,or

smallenough,toinvestinthemprovewellworththeeffort.

11、Thetextismainlyabout.

A、theimpactoftechnologyonbusiness

howsmallcompaniescancatchupwithlargerones

C、theeffectoftheunpredictablenatureoftechnologyonbusinessdynamics

D、theresultofrapidtechnologicalchangeonbusinessdecisions

標準答案：C

知識點解析：屬主旨思想題。文章第一段指出現(xiàn)狀：有很多原因會造成公司在轉瞬

之間失去先前的競爭優(yōu)勢。第二段指出：這個過程中最大的變數(shù)之一是技術，一方

面技術可使企業(yè)更高效，獲利更多。但這么快速的技術變化使得絕大部分企'也難以

充分發(fā)揮技術的作用。第三段說明：因為技術領域的進步是不一致的，也無從預

見，只有已在市場上占有優(yōu)勢的大公司才能投入越來越多的人力物力獲取最新的發(fā)

展態(tài)勢。第四段乂進一步強調(diào)技術的不可預測性：水能載舟，也能覆舟，讓大公司

領先的技術也可以讓它垮掉；小公司也可在技術上賭一把。由此可知，全文的中心

思想是“技術的不定性對企業(yè)動態(tài)變化造成的影響因此，選項C符合此意。選

項A、D、B分別是第三、二段及最后一段中的內(nèi)容，信息不全面。

12、Whenanewtechnologicalinnovationappears,businessesshould.

A、seizeontheopportunityandinvestheavilyinitsoastoreapitsfuturebenefits

useitasameanstocatchupwithlargercompanies,iftheinvestorisasmaller

business

C、baseitsactionsonitsresearchandbeliefsregardingitsfutureprofitability

D^refrainfrominvestingheavily,incaseitseffectissmallornone

標準答案：C

知識點解析：屬事實細節(jié)題。相關信息在第三段第一句：公司投入越來越多的人力

物力，不僅用于獲取最新的發(fā)展態(tài)勢，而且用于研究決定產(chǎn)品好壞的因素以便更好

地定位，適應下一步的變化。由此可知，選項C正確。選項A與第二段第二句內(nèi)

容不符：那些投巨資追趕最新技術的企業(yè)會發(fā)現(xiàn)第二年他們的機器就過時和廢棄

了，這不僅使他們失去了預期要取得的技術優(yōu)勢，而且也損失了一大筆資金。選項

B與文章坡后一句意思不符（這種冒險的嘗試能結出果實的情況并不多見）；選項D

無法從文中推出。

13、Inparagraph2,"It,sagameofhitandmiss.umeansthat.

A、thekeytosucceedingistoinvestinthecorrecttechnology

B、investmentsinnewtechnologiesmostoftenresultinloss

C、thosewhoinvestinthelatesttechnologiesemploygreatrisk

D、investinginthenewtechnologyisunpredictableanddifficult

標準答案：D

知識點解析：屬信息推斷題。Ifsagameofhitandiniss.在第二段最后一句，字面

意思是“這是一種要么打中要么打不中的游戲由其所在的上下文來看，顯然，本

句是對上文的總結、歸納。上文提到：技術一方面可使企業(yè)更高效，獲利更多，但

這么快速的技術變化使得絕大部分企業(yè)難以充分發(fā)揮技術的作用。那些投巨資追趕

最新技術的企業(yè)會發(fā)現(xiàn)夕艮快不僅失去了預期要取得的技術優(yōu)勢，還損失了一大筆資

金。由此可知，投資新技術很難，其結果難以預測；這是一種時輸時贏，難以預料

的游戲（It'sagameofhitandmiss.）。因此，選項D正確。其他選項都推理有誤。

14、1'hcauthorbelievesihatnewtechnologyis.

A、awayforsmallbusinessestocatchupwithlargeronesthatwouldotherwisenot

haveachance

B、adangerousinvestmentthatmustbeapproachedwithutmostcaution

C、theprimarymeansbywhichestablishedbusinessescanbeusurpedbynewentrants

D、bestutilizedbylargerbusinesseswiththeresourcestoproperlyresearchintothem

標準答案：

知識之解析A：屬信息推斷題。相關信息在文章最后兩句：新的小公司沒什么好損失

的，就可以在新技術上賭一把，而大公司不敢就此冒險。當這些冒險的嘗試結出果

實時（比較少見），同時也就證明了他們將是未來新潮流的領導者。由此可推知，小

公司也可能利用新技術趕上那些不愿冒險的大公司。因此，選項A正確。選項

C（新企業(yè)領先老企業(yè)的主要手段）與此意思不符：選項B無法從原文中推出，

utmost語氣太絕對；選項D（best太絕對）與第三段最后一句內(nèi)容不符：采用這種方

式確實讓公司有所收益，但只有已在市場上占有優(yōu)勢的大公司才能采用。

15、Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.

Technology:TheEqualizingFactor

B、GamblingonTechnology

C、TheProperApplicationsofTechnologyinBusiness

D、TheTechnologicalEdge:KeytoBusiness

標準答案：c

知識點》析：屬主旨思想題。由第一題的分析得知，全文主要論述了技術對公司企

業(yè)的影響，最后兩段還對大、小公司提出了建議。由此可見，選項C符合文意。

選項A與第二段第一句意思不符：技術是競爭過程中最大的變數(shù)之一；選項B只

是最后一段中提到的一個小細節(jié)，不足以概括全文；選項D與最后一段第二句意

思不符：水能載舟，也能覆舟，讓大公司領先的技術也可以讓它垮掉。

Thereisagrowingconcernthroughouttheworldthattheuseofstcm-ccl1research,the

processwherebycertaincellsareextractedfromfetusesforfuturecloningpurposes,may

leadtoamoraldilemmaonthenatureofcloningtechnology.Indeed,certain

professionalsinthefieldofcloningwilllikelyfaceadifficultmoralchoiceinthenear

future.Embryoniccellsarecurrentlyextractedfromabortedfetusesandthenusedto

generateorgansthatreplacemissingordiseasedonesinhumans.Thepotentialforsuch

swappingofinjuredormissinglimbsisenormous.Amputatedarmsanddiseasedlivers

couldbereplacedbynewlyclonedonesbyadaptingsuchembryoniccells.However,

certainanti-abortiongroupshavealreadydecriedtheuseofabortedfetusesandpledged

toboycottanymoresuchresearch.IntheUnitedStates,PresidentBushrecentlysigned

anexecutiveorderbanningtheuseofanyFederalmoneyforthepurposeofhuman

cloning.However,manypoliticalobserversnotethatprivateresearchintohumancloning

continuesunabatedlyandthat,eveniftheUnitedStatessupportedandmanagedto

enforceanoutrightbaninboththepublicandprivatesectors,competitionfromother

countrieswouldputpressureonUSfirmstodeveloptheirowncloningtechnology.A

newoptionhasrecentlybeendevelopedtoweakenoppositiontocloningefforts.New

researchhasuncoveredtheuseofsimilarstem-cellsinfattissue.Theuseofsuchtissueis

notaspoliticallyvolatilesinceitavoidstheissueofabortion.Moreover,proponentsof

suchcloningtechnologyoftencitetheenormousbenefitstomedicalsciencethat

reproductivecloningcouldreap.Cloningtechnologycouldfinallycurecertaindiseases

andailmentsthatarecurrentlyuntreatable.However,theprospectofplayinggodwith

humangeneticshasmademanywearyofpursuinghumanorpartialhumancloning.As

thesuccessfulcloningofDollythesheepproved,humancloningmayonlybeafew

decadesaway.Formany,theethicalandlegalconsequencesofrespondingtonew

technologiesthatadvancethefieldofcloninghavebeendifficult.Cangovernments,

citizensandprivategroupscometoaconsensusontheuseandlimitationsofcloning?Or

willweendupwithanewgenerationofmonsters,spawnedfromourdesireforeternal

life?

16、Inparagraph3,somepoliticalobserversnotethatBush'sexecutiveordermaybe

ineffectivebecause.

therearenotenoughresourcestomonitorcloning

BNsomeabortiongroupshavealotofpoliticalpower

C、onlythepublicsectorisaffected

D^othercountriesdonothavepresidentialsystems

標準答案：C

知識點解析：屬信息推斷題。題目中的關鍵詞出現(xiàn)在第三段第二句：不過很多政治

觀察家指出，私立機構還在積極講行對克隆人的研究……。由此可推斷，布什點、統(tǒng)

簽署的命令只影響到了公立機構。因此，選項C正確。其他選項都在原文中沒有

提到。

17、Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthattheauthoris.

A、supportiveofcloning

B、religiouslyinfuriated

C^informativelyneutral

D^pessimisticaboutcloningtechnology

標準答案：C

知識點解析：屬態(tài)度推斷題。第二段第一、二句指出：事實上，一些專門從事克隆

工作的人士可能不久就會面臨一個道德上的困難選擇?，F(xiàn)在是從夭折的胎兒體內(nèi)取

出未發(fā)育成熟的細胞用來生成器官，以替換人體缺損的或患病的器官。顯然，第二

句是對第一句的解釋說明。由此可判斷，作者對克隆技術的態(tài)度只是不偏不倚地提

供信息（即選項C正確）；不是支持（選項A）,也沒有因為宗教因素而被激怒（選項

B）,更不是悲觀態(tài)度（選項D）。

18>Certaingroupsopposestem-cellresearchbecause.

A、itiscostlyanddangerous

B、itwouldexpandthepowersofthegovernment

C、itmayspreaddiseases

D、theyopposetheuseofabortedfetuses

標準答案：D

知識點解析：屬事實細節(jié)題。相關信息在第二段最后一句（一些反墮胎組織譴責使

用夭折的胎兒，并發(fā)誓要阻止進一步的有關研究）；此外，這一點也可從第一段的

內(nèi)容得到驗證（全世界現(xiàn)在越來越關注干細胞研究，即從胎兒中抽取細胞進行克隆

的過程，由此引出一個關于克隆技術的性質的道德難題）。由此可知，選項D正

確。其他選項在文章中都沒有涉及。

19^Thetextismainlyabout.

A^howcloningisbadforsociety

B、howcloningmayhelpourlives

C、thedangersandpossiblebenefitsofcloning

D、thepoliticalconsequencesofcloning

標準答案：C

知識點解析：屬主旨思想題。文章第一段指出現(xiàn)狀：克隆技術的性質引發(fā)道德難

題。第二段闡述具體事實以及反對方的意見；第三段介紹政府的干預；第四段給出

了支持克隆技術一方的觀點，即給人類帶來的好處；最后一段提出克隆技術可能帶

來的后果。由此可知，選項C正確。選項D、B、A分別在第三、四段及最后一段

中提到，概括不夠全面。

20、Theauthorreferstoapotentialnewgenerationofmonstersto.

A、refertothepotentialdangersofcloninghumans

B、makereferencetoapopularnovelthatsupportscloning

C、denouncecloningtechnology

D、supporttheuseofstem-celltechnology

標準答案：A

知識點解析：屬概念推斷題。題目中的關鍵詞newgenerationofmonsters出現(xiàn)在文

章最后一句：難道我們因為想獲得永生而最終不惜催生出新一代的怪物來嗎?從本

句所在的上下文來看，它是對本段第三句的舉例說明：推進克隆技術的每一步所產(chǎn)

生的道德和法律后果都是很嚴重的。由此可知，選項A正確（指克隆人存在的潛在

危險）。其他選項都推理有誤。

You'veheardit100timesalready,andit'samessagethatweatScienceCareerswork

hardtoconvey:Carefulplanningisessentialforasuccessfulcareerinscience.Becoming

ascientistrequiresyearsoftrainingandalongseriesofgooddecisions.Choosinga

Ph.D.supervisorwhowillsupportyou,pickingagoodlabforyourpostdoc,deciding

whichresearchprojectstopursue,decidingwhethertostayinyourcurrentpositionand

finishsomeimportantworkortomoveontoanotherexcitingopportunity——such

decisionsshouldnotbemadewithoutcarefuldeliberation.Yetsometimeseventhemost

motivatedofscientistsintrainingareledastraybysomeotherpassion.Andtheresult,

sometimes,canbewonderful.Accidents,spontaneousactsofpassion,decisionstaken

casually—allcanleadtolotallynewandunexpectedcareers,fullofnewandunexpected

challenges,offeringgreatprofessionalandpersonalsatisfaction.AsScienceCareers

contributingeditorElisabethPainreports,AngeloVermeulenisoneofthosechildren

whowasborntobecomearesearcher."Iwaslikethesciencekidoftheclass.Ihadmy

ownlab,withamicroscopeandchemicalsandbinoculars,andImadethesewalksin

nature,collectingsamples,"hesaysin"TheItinerantArtist".Buthealsohadatalenttbr

thevisualandconceptualarts,andashedidhisPh.D.inbiologyattheUniversityof

Leuven,healsolearnedphotography.Yearslater,Vermeulenhasreconciledhisdual

interests,producingartthatoftenincorporatesscience.JorgeChamwasenrolledinthe

master'sprograminmechanicalengineeringatStanfordUniversitywhenthestudent

newspaper.TheStanfordDaily,putoutacallseekingideasforanewcomicstrip,

ScienceinternSaraCochlowritesin"PiledHigherandDeeper:TheEverydayLifeofa

GradStudent."Afterdiscussingsomeideaswithfriendsoverdinner,Cham,whousedto

doodleasachildbuthadnevertriedcartooning,proposedacomicstripaboutagroupof

overworked,underpaid,procrastinatinggraduatestudentsandtheirterrifyingadvisers.

PiledHigherandDeeper,orPHD,hasgoneontobecomeacultcartoonandChama

professionalcartoonist.Sometimesalate-bloomingpassioncanleadtoafull-timecareer.

JeffMangahas,whostudiedplantandmolecularbiologyattheUniversityofWashington

andbecameatechnicianinacancerlab,foundhisinterestinwineincreasing.Soon,"the

romanticsideofwinetookholdofme,"Mangahassays.Atranscendentwine-drinking

experiencedrewhimintothewinemakingfield.

21、Thefirstparagraphmainlymeansto.

A、provethatpeopleshouldquitdoingordinaryworktograbnewopportunities

explainwhypeoplehaveheardthesayingforsomanytimes

C、statethatsuccessfulscientificcareerneedsthoroughconsideration

D、demonstratethatpickingagoodlabisofgreatsigritlcancetoone'spostdoc

標準答案：C

知識點解析?：屬段落大意題。木段第一句就指出了本段的核心觀點，并在接下來的

內(nèi)容中舉例進行說明，由此可知選項C符合題意，故正確。選項A屬于無中生

有，文中并未給出該如何做選擇，故錯誤。選項B同樣是無中生有，原文只是用

夸張（100次）的手法來說明這個觀點的普遍性，而不是一個事實，更不是對此的解

釋，故錯誤。選項D屬于以偏概全，事實確實如此，但不是段落的主要內(nèi)容，只

是一個例子，故錯誤。

22>WecaninferfromParagraph3and4that.

A、aneditorofthemagazineismeanttobecomeascientist

B、Angelodidn'tshowhisartistictalentasayoungboy

C>Jorgedidn'tdreamofbeingacartoonistsincelittle

D、peoplearewastingtheirtimebyreadingPHD

標準答案：c

知識點露析：屬信息推斷題。選項A犯了偷梁換柱的錯誤，這本雜志的特約編輯

介紹了一個人，這個人才是天生的研究者，而非這名編輯，故錯誤。選項B屬于

曲解文意，文章提到了Vermeulen很早就有了藝術天賦，故錯誤。選項D犯了無

中生有的錯誤，作者并未評價這部漫畫是否值得看，故錯誤。選項C符合原文，

Cham的經(jīng)歷就是一次機緣巧合，故正確。

23、TheunderlinedwordinParagraph3refersto.

A、chosenfrom

13、givenup

C、madepreferencebetween

D^achievedaccordancebetween

標準答案：D

知識點解析：屬詞義推斷題。想要理解考查詞的含義就需要仔細閱讀上下文?？疾?/p>

詞所在句的后半句正是對前半句的解釋說明，意思是進行與科學相關的藝術創(chuàng)作，

因此可知Vermeulen是將藝術和科學融合到了一起，使兩者和諧共存，故選項D

正確。選項A（從二者中選擇），選項B（放棄），選項C（在二者間更傾向于）顯然都不

符合原文意思，故均錯誤。

24、BymentioningthecaseofJeffMangahas,theauthorintendsto.

A、statethatworkinginthelabistooboredtotolerate

B、provethatevenlatepassioncanalterone'scareerpath

C>advocatethatmorepeopleshouldstepintothewinemakingfield

D、demonstratehowJeffwasattractedtothewinebusiness

標準答案：B

知識點解析：屬邏輯關系題。仔細閱讀題目所在段可知只有第一句是觀點性的表

達，其他都是對這個例子內(nèi)容的陳述，因此可知作者就是為了說明第一句的觀點，

故選項R符合題意°選項A和C屬于無中生有,作者根本未表達出這層含義,故

錯誤。選項D屬于答非所問，并非作者意圖，故錯誤。

25、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A、Followinginstinctmayleadtogoodresultssometimes.

B、Mechanicalengineershavethetalenttomakecomicstrips.

C、Oneshouldfollowstrictlytheplantomakeachievementsinscience.

D、TheromanticsideofAngeloisthedecisivefactorincareerchoosing.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：屬事實細節(jié)題。選項B犯了以偏概全的錯誤，Jorge的例子不能證明

所有的動力工程師都具有畫漫畫的天賦，故錯誤。選項D犯了移花接木的錯誤，

是將不同部分的內(nèi)容拼湊而成，故錯誤。文章并未強調(diào)一定要遵照計劃，反而提到

一些轉變可能會帶來意想不到的成功，故選項A正確，而選項C曲解了作者本

意。

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共25題，每題7.0

分，共25分。）

ThefreemarketeconomyisnodoubttheprimarystimulusthathasledtotheUnited

States'dominanceintheworldeconomiccommunity.Rynaturallyrewardingthose

producersthatexcel,excellenceisactivelyencouragedandthosethatinefficiently

producegoodsorservicesnotvaluedareeliminated.Thus,theeconomybecomesaself-

sustainingandself-maintainingmachine,consistentlyandconstantlyachievingthebest

possibleresult.Thefreemarketeconomyisentirelybasedontheprincipleofsupplyand

demand.Underthisconcept,consumersdecideforthemselveswhichcompanieswillstay

inbusiness,votingwiththeirdollarsbyspendingonthosebusinessestheyconsidermost

worthy.Bydoingso,thosecompaniesthatarebestliked,ormostindemand,aregranted

theprivilegeofsupplyingthegoodsandservicesthatconsumerspayfbr.Inthatsense,

efficiencyisachieved