AbstractAbstractWithglobalizationtoday,theworldhasbecomea"GlobalVillage."Economicglobalizationhasmadeallcountriesoftheworldintoone.Asbothworldpowers,ChinaandtheUnitedStateshaveincreasinglyfrequentculturalexchanges.However,intheprocessofexchangesbetweenChineseandAmericancultures,therewillinevitablybesomeconflictsduetothedifferencesbetweenthetwocountries,whichrequiresustohaveadeepandcomprehensiveunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericancultures.ExploringthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculturesisnotonlyconducivetotheexchangeandcommunicationbetweenthetwocultures,butalsotoeliminatemisunderstandingsandreducecommunicationbarriers.ThisarticletakestheAmericansitcom2BrokenGirlsasthestartingpoint,andthroughdiscussingtheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesandthereasonsfortheirformation,itemphasizesthesignificanceofanalyzingtheculturaldifferencesbetweenthetwocountries.ItalsohelpstobetterunderstandChineseandAmericanculturesandeffectivelyavoidconflictscausedbyculturaldifferences.Keywords:Sino-USculturaldifferences；Conflict；Reasons.Abstract論文題目：在跨文化視角下解讀中美文化差異——以《破產(chǎn)姐妹》為例摘要在全球化的今天,世界已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)"地球村"。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化使世界各國成為一體。作為同屬世界大國的中國和美國，文化交流也日益頻繁。但是中美文化在交流的過程中，必然會(huì)因?yàn)閮蓢牟町惗a(chǎn)生一些沖突，這就要求我們對中美文化之間的差異有一個(gè)深刻而又全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。探討中西文化的差異，既有利于兩種文化的交流與溝通，也有利于消除誤會(huì)、減少交流障礙。本文以美國情景喜劇《破產(chǎn)姐妹》為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，通過探討其中反映出的中美文化差異及其形成的原因，強(qiáng)調(diào)了分析中美兩國文化差異的意義，有助于對中美文化的進(jìn)一步了解，有效避免文化差異造成的沖突。關(guān)鍵詞:中美文化差異沖突原因IntroductionABriefIntroductionto2BrokeGirls2BrokeGirlsisanAmericansitcom,whichtellsthestoryoftwourbangirlswithtotallydifferentidentitybackgroundsworkingtogether.MaxBlack(playedbyKateDaines)waspoorandwasawaiterinasmalldinerinBrooklyn,NewYork.CarolineChanning(BethBiewell)wasawealthywomanwithawealthyfamilywholostherlifeafterherfatherwassuspectedofmanipulatingaPonzischeme.Thetwopeoplewithverydifferentpersonalitiesbecamecolleaguesandroommates,workinghardatthedinerwhileworkingtogethertodreamofsellingsmallcakes.LiteratureReviewAbroadResearchesForeignscholarshavealsostudiedtherelationshipbetweenglobalizationandculture.GayatriChakravortiSpivak(1999)believesthattothinkglobalityistothinkofthepoliticsofthinkingglobality.

RakaShome,RadhaHegde(2002)thinksthatglobalizationisachallengetotheculturalidentityofnations[1]78.Asaresult,itiseasytoseetheimportancetofindoutculturaldifferences.DomesticResearchesSomescholarshavestudiedinterpretationontheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmericafromacross-culturalperspective.Forexample,LixueranandChenShuangtakeAmericanfamilycomedyMomasanexampletostudythedifferencebetweenChinaandAmerica;ZhouYinhuahasalsostudiedculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmerica.HetakesmovieGuaShaashisexample.AccordingtosomeplotsinthemovieGuaSha,fromtheperspectivesofbehavioralnorms,waysofthinking,socialrelations,etc.,thedifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanculturesareexpounded.TengHecomparesandanalyzesthedifferencesbetweentheDisneyanimatedfilmMulanandChineseNorthernDynastyfolksongsMulanCiinordertopromoteunderstandingofothercultures.AnincreasingnumberofresearchersbegintolayemphasisontheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmerica.ResearchValueWhetherinourdailylivesorininternationalaffairs,Cultureplaysanextremelyimportantrole.AndtheUnitedStates,astheworld’slargesteconomy,weshouldunderstandtheculturaldifferencesbetweenthemandus.AstheChineseproverbsays:Knowyourselfandknoweachother,youcanwineverybattle.ItisveryimportantandnecessarytounderstandAmericancultureandknowthedifferencebetweenAmericancultureandChineseculture.CultureDifferencesFromLanguagePerspectiveAmericanCultureFromLanguagePerspectiveFromLanguagePerspective,thelanguagefeaturesof2BrokeGirlsareverydistinctive--humorous,openandbold.Searlesaid”Inindirectspeechartsthespeakercommunicationstothehearermorethanheactuallysaysbythewayofrelyingontheirmutuallysharedbackgroundinformation,bothlinguisticandnonlinguistic,togetherwiththegeneralpowersofrationalityandinferenceonthepartofthehearer”[2]36.Inindirectspeechacts,thespeakerdoesnotdirectlysaywhathewantstosay,butusestheother(oftendirect)speechactstoindirectlyexpresshisintentions,andthespeakerusesthesharedknowledgetoconveyitsmeaningtothelistener.Itemphasizesthesoundbeyondthestrings,themeaningbeyondwords.Forexample:Season4Episode11Sophie：Max,doyouwanttobemymaidofhonor?Max:Iwouldratherbeeatenalivebyarabbit,whichwouldtakealongtimeandbealotlessembarrassing.Thisisthefourthseason,whenPolishfemaleneighborSophiedecidestomarrythedinerchefOleg.WhensheaskedifMaxwaswillingtobeherbridesmaid,Maxwasclearlyrejected.Andshelikenedherreluctancetobeabridesmaidtobeeatenbyarabbits.Anotherexample:Season1Episode4MaxsaystoCaroline:YoujustmadeitintoOleg’sspankbank.Forthissentence,MaxwantstotellCarolinethatOlegisindecenttoherwithjoking.Therearealsosomeotherplacesshowsthedistinctivelanguagestyle.HereIwillshowsomeexamplesinthispaperwhichIwillanalyzein2.3.Inthediner,MaxsaystoHan:I’vewaitedonthetables,I’vewaitedinbars,I’vewaitedonhomepregnancytests.WhenCarolinecomeintoMax’shouse,shesaystoMaxatthefirsttimeonshock:”O(jiān)hyouhaveayard.Lookslikeareallyniceplacetorelaxanddocrack.”Maxanswers:”itis.”Earlsays:”ThatgirlisworkingharderthanStephenHawkingtryingtoputinapairofcufflinks.”whenheseesCarolinestrugglestoholdfourplatesatonetime.ChineseCultureFromLanguagePerspectiveAlargepartofthebeautyofChineselanguageisreflectedinitseuphemism,whichcanbeseenfromtheancienttexts.Forexample,inLiMi'sChenQingBiao,thereissuchasentence:”生孩六月，慈父見背。行年四歲，舅奪母志?！?Theauthorexpressedthemeaning:Sixmonthsaftermybirth,mykindfatherdied.WhenIwasfour,mymotherwasdeprivedofherwilltoremaininwidowhoodbymymaternaluncle.Whydidhewritethissentencesovague?Becausehewasonlysixmonthsold,hisfatherdied,whichwasverydesolate.Theauthordescribedhisfather’sdeathas”慈父見背”becauseheisnotwillingtospeakstraight.Infeudalsociety,women'remarriagewasseenasanoutrageousanddisgracefulthing.Inordertocoverup,LiMiused“舅奪母志”toavoidtowritehismother’sremarriagement.Andtheeuphemismalsocanbeseeninmodernlanguage.Chineseoftenuseindirectwordsandindirectwaystoexpresssomethingtheywanttodeliver,whichistraditionalandpoliteforChinese.CulturalDifferencesFromLanguagePerspectiveThebiggestdifferencebetweenChineseandAmericanculturesisthatthelanguagestyleofChinaisrestrainedeuphemismandpolite,whileAmericanLanguageisdirectandopen[3]117.AlthoughlanguagehasbecomemoreandmoreopeninthecircleofyoungChineseinrecentyears,itisstilldominatedbyimplicitlanguagestylesinpublicplaces,andthedominantandrestrainedstyleinthemainstreamculture.Intheexamplesin2.1,fortheAmericanlanguagestyle,theexampleisalsoindirectspeech,butthroughthisexample,itcanbeclearlydistinguishedthateveniftheindirectlanguagestyleisused,Max'swordsdidnotreflectthesubtlecharm.Becauseforthesetwosentences,Maxused“eatenalivebyarabbit”and“spankbank”,thesetwoexpressionsarenotpoliteanddecentinpublicplace.AndforexamplesAtoCin2.1,itcanbeanalyzedthattheAmericanlanguageisopenandfree.ForinstanceA,firstly,thebackgroundofthissentenceisdiner,apublicplace.Secondly,foranunmarriedgirl,Maxsays“homepregnancytests”whichisdisgracefulforChinesegirl.ForinstanceB,CarolinedirectlyasksnarcoticsandMax’sanswerisdirectaswell.InChina,thenarcoticsareforbiddensoitisimpossibleforpeopletotalkaboutthisinsuchadirectway.ForinstanceC,whichmentionsStephenHawking,adisabledperson,makesfunofdisabledpeople.WeareknownthatitisimpolitetodothisthinginChina,butin2BrokenGirls,itsoundslikenormal.Fromtheseexamples,wecandrawtheconclusionthatalthoughthesetwolanguagesbothuseindirectspeecharts,AmericansusedirectwordstoexpresstheindirectmeaningsandChineselanguageuseseuphemismintheirwords.AndtheotherpalpabledifferenceisthatAmericanlanguageisopenandfreetosaysomewordsandmakesomecommentsonotherswhileChineselanguageismorepoliteandimplicit[4]25.

CultureDifferencesFromInterpersonalRelationshipRelationshipsbetweenFamilyMembersAmericanFamilyMembers’RelationshipAmericanfamiliesarerelativelysimple.Generally,parentsandchildrenrefertotheconceptofasmallfamily.Oncethechildisanadult,theparentsencouragehimtomoveout.Theyvalueindependence,andeachpersonisanindependentindividual[5]35.Ifsomeoneinthefamilyhasachievedsomething,otherswillbehappy,buttheythinkthattheachievementishisown.Ifitfails,itisalsohispersonalfailure,andthewholefamilywillnotsufferanyloss.JustlikeCarolineandherfatherMartinChanningwhorippedofftheentirecity,thoughherfatherdidsomethingillegalandtheninthejail,Carolinedoesn’tthinkitisashamed.AnditalsocanbefoundfromtherelationshipbetweenMaxandMax’smother.Throughthesixseasonsof2BrokenGirls,itcanbeclearlydeterminedthatMax'srelationshipwithhermotherisnotcloseenoughandevenrathersparse.ItisoftenseeninthedramathatMaxmakescomplaintsabouthermother,suchasdrinkingalcoholwhensheisinthestomach.IncludingMax'sgraduationceremonyattheback,shecalleduphermothertocallhercourage,buthermotherstilldidn'tcome.ChineseFamilyMembers’RelationshipThereisasayinginChina:"Onemangetsit,andhisdoggetsittoo"(一人得道，雞犬升天),whichmeansthatapersonisdeveloped,andthechickensanddogsinhisfamilyfollowhim.TheChinesefeelthatthesuccessofonepersonisthehonorofthewholefamily.Andifapersonfails,itisashametotheentirefamilyaswell.Asaresult,intraditionalChinesefamilies,familyrelationshipshaveapyramidstructure,withthehighestgenerationbeingmostrespected.Thoughnowadaysthereisnosuchstricthierarchyinpeople’slife,asthetradition,peopleneedtobepolitetotheirelderships.TheDifferencesofRelationshipsbetweenFamilyMembersInAmerica,thereislooserfamilymembers’relationshipthaninChina.Peopleinabigfamilydooftennotlivetogetherandevenlivefarawayfromeachother[6].AfterCaroline’sfatherwassentintojail,herrelativesdidn'tcometolookafterherorjustgivesomehelp.InChina,familymemberstakecareofeachother.AndinChina,relatives’relationshipiscomplicatedforitisabigfamilysystem.However,thefamiliesinAmericanarerelativelysimpleandmoreliketobefriendswitheachother.RelationshipsbetweenWaitressandCustomersAmericanRelationshipsbetweenWaitressandCustomersInAmerica,customerswillleavetipstowaiterorwaitresswhenfinishingeating.Andthetipofadinerisusually10to20%oftheamountspent.Forexample,inSeason1Episode6.Whenthecouplecost$50check，butonlyleave$1.47tip,Carolineisveryupset.MaxsaystoCarolinethatshewillhandlethis,thenMaxstepsoutsidetocatchupwiththesetwocustomers.MaxasksthetwocustomersiftherewassomethingwrongwiththeserviceCarolineoverheregavethem.However,themalecustomeranswersthattippingisanoption.Maxreturnsthatsoshecanspitintheirfood.Theymightwanttorememberthatthenexttime,theyleaveawaitresspennies.Maxasawaitressisveryfiercetowardscustomersandeventhreatenscustomers.Anotherexample:MaxservesforfouroldladiesMax:Evening,ladies.Gals’nightout?Chasingguys,eatingpie,havingfun.Thefirstlady:Thistableissticky!Runadampragacrossit.Thesecondlady:Woulditkillyoutocleanalittle?Whatkindaplaceisthis?Thethirdlady:Thekindthatservessoupcold.Thefourthlady:Andwhat’swithyourcrazyearrings?Whatareyou,somekindagypsy?Maxcan’tstandandsays:Okay.Whoa!Holdup,ladies.Youdon’tgetabitchpassjustcauseyou’reold.Yes,that’sright.Isaidit.Youcomeinherewithyourgangstergrannyattitude,thinkyoucangetawaywithdumpingalloverthelowlygypsywaitress.Noway.Atthisdinner,wedon’tdiscriminateduetoage…ThenMaxjustwipesasmallpartoftableinfrontofthefirstladyformally.Andasks:Hi,I’mMax.Whowantstapioca?Thesetwoladiesallputuptheirhands.Aftershesaidthesewordsandsentences,shecanalsoworkwellasusual.Customersareevenmorecooperativewhenordering.ChineseRelationshipsbetweenWaitressandCustomersInChina,"CustomerisGod"seemsasloganeverywhere.Asfortherelationshipsbetweenwaitressandcustomers,itismorebiasedtowardswaiterservicingandmeetinganycustomerneeds.Whencustomersaredissatisfied,theywillaskforamanagertosolvethisproblem.Mostfamousrestaurantisfamousforgoodservice,likewell-knownhotpoteatery

Hidilao.Besides,tipstowaitressdonotexistinChina.Customersonlypayforwhattheyeat.Inrecentyears,moreandmorerestaurantsneedcustomertopaycoverchargewhichreferstotherestaurantchargesacertainamountforthecustomeraccordingtothenumberofthem.Butitalsohasnothingtodowithwaitresses.Thesalaryofwaitressesdependsontheirbossandtheirownqualificationsandpositions.TheDifferencesofRelationshipsbetweenWaitressandCustomersInAmerica,nomatterwhichrestauranttheygoto,customersshouldpaythetipsforthebillandforwaiter[7].However,customersonlyneedtopayforwhattheyeatinChina.What’smore,asawaiterorawaitress,he\shemusthaveagoodtempertocustomerinChina,whichisoneofkeystoattractcustomerstoberegularcustomers.Thisisnotwhatweseeinthe2BrokenGirls,Maxasawaitress,shesometimesgivesbadattitudetowardscustomerswhilewaiterorwaitresswouldbefiredforsuchbehaviorinChina.RelationshipsbetweencolleaguesAmericanColleaguesRelationshipsTherelationshipbetweencolleaguesisorientedtowardsnonchalant,suchastherelationshipbetweenMaxandCarolineinthebeginning.CarolinewantstogetintouchwithMax.Carolinemakesaself-introductionfirstly:IamCaroline,bytheway.Andyou’reMax?Maxanswered:Don’tgetattached.Ofcourse,fromthecommunicationbetweenMaxorCarolineandtheircolleagueOleg,itcanbeseenthatintheirrelationshipwithcolleagues,thereisnosuchthingastakingcareoftheotherperson's"face",speakingverydirectly,evenOlegoftensayssomethingpornographictohiscolleagues,andnotafraidtooffendothers.Thisisalsoinextricablylinkedtotheirlanguagehabits.Forinstances,Season1Episode1Oleg:I’mclosingkitchenintenminutes.Icannotstaylater.Ihavedatewithnewwomaninmylife.Sheisveryspecialtome.Ithinkshemaybetheone.Youarebothwelcomewatchushavesex.Carolinepincheshermouth.AndOleggoeson:Justputitoutthere.Maxanswers:Justputitbackinthere.OlegoftensayssomethingsexuallyexplicitwordstoMaxandCaroline,butthetwogirlsarenotsomadofthis.ChineseColleaguesRelationshipsFortheChinese,theworkingenvironmentisalsoa"home",andallcolleaguesaremembersofhisfamily.Colleaguescareabouteachother,helpeachother,sharejoy,anger,sorrow,andhappinesswitheachother.Everyonethinksofaway,andwhenthereisahappyevent,everyonecelebratesittogether.ThishassomethingtodowithChinesecollectivism.Peoplealwaysseethemselvesaspartofthecollective,andthecollectiveshameisalsotheshameofeveryone.Inordertoliveinharmonywitheachother,theChinesewilltrytoavoiddirectlyorindirectlyoffendingothers.Evenifthereisaproblem,theywilltakeamoreeuphemisticwaytoexpressit.Sometimeswecallit"face"totakecareofeachother.Takenasawhole,therelationshipofChinesecolleaguesisharmonious.TheDifferencesofRelationshipsbetweenColleaguesForrelationshipsofAmericancolleagues,theyaremorecausal.Theydonottakeintoaccountthereputationofothercolleagues[8].OlegoftensayssomethingpornographictoMaxandCaroline,whichmaybefiredandevenitwillresulttocallthepoliceforsexualharassment.InChina,inmostinstances,therelationshipbetweencolleaguesismoreharmonious,eveniftherearesomeproblems,colleaguesdon'tspeakbadlytoface.RelationshipsbetweenStaffsandBossAmericanWorkingRelationshiptoBossInthe2BrokenGirls,MaxandCaroline’sattitudetowardsthebossisverycasualandshowsnorespect.Insixseasons,theyalwayscalltheirboss’snameHan.Forexample,Season1Episode1,atthefirstappearanceofHan.Max:Ineedtotalktoyou.YoufiredPaulina,Han?Han:IamnolongerHanLee.IhavenewAmericannametogowithchangingneighborhood.Max:Togowiththechangingneighborhood.Youneedtorememberthisforyouimmigrationexam.Han:Correct.Togowiththechangingneighborhood.Pointingathisbadge,HanwantsMaxtonoticeandpraisehisnewname.Maxsaysindoubt:Bryce?YounameisBryceLee?Andanotherinstance,Season1Episode4,Hanisreadytosingasonginhisdiner.Hantocustomer:Now,maybeIsingwhileotherswait.MaxsaystoCarolineontheside:Uh-oh.Wegotrealproblemsnow.Hantocustomer:IchooseSusanBoylepopularsongfromallchipsonInternet.It’scalledIDream...Maxwalksasideandunplugsthemicrophoneandaudiopowercords.ShealsospeakstoHan:Keepdreaming.ThesetwoexamplesbothshowthatMaxiscasualwhenshetalkswithHan.AndherattitudetowardsthebossHanisthesameasforhercolleagues.InSeason2,HanevensayssorrytoMaxandCaroline.ForCaroline,shesometimesmakesfunofherboss’sheight,sodoOlegandEarl.ChineseWorkingRelationshiptoBossInChina,formostChinese,theyshowtheirrespecttoBoss.Evenmore,theywilladulatethebossdeliberately,suchassayinggoodthingsandsendinggifts.Peopleoftenperformwellinfrontofthebossandwanttomakeagoodimpressionsothattheywillbepromoted.Theywillcompletethetasksassignedbytheirbosstoprovetheirability.TheDifferencesofRelationshiptoBossInAmerica,mostpeoplethinktheyareequalwitheachother,sotheydon’tdosomethingdifferenttoboss.LikeMax,Carolineandsomeotherworkersinthediner,theydon’tthinkHanasabossbutmorelikeafriend.Therefore,theydon’tholdinaweandvenerationtotheirbossHan,andtheyareallcasualwhentalkingtoHan.However,InChina,peoplerespecttheirboss,whichmeanstheyarepolitetotheirboss[9].

CultureDifferencesFromDietCultureAmericanDietCultureTheUnitedStatesisanimmigrantcountry.Ithasformeditsownspecialfoodculturethroughthecollisionofhistory,cultureandreligionfromdifferentimmigrantcountries[10].Inordertoavoiddamagetothenutritionalcontentoffood,Americansprefertoeatraworsemi-cookedfoodratherthanprocessedfood.Nomatterhowtheymatch,thereisbasicallyonlyoneprocessingmethod.Forexample,beefisfried.Theypursuefastandconvenientandclaimnotluxurious.Americans’dailydietisdominatedbyfastfood,suchashamburgers,fried-chicken,pizza,saucenoodles,tacos,sandwiches,hotdogs,French-friesandsoon.IntheeyesofAmericans,vegetarianfoodcanonlyfillthestomach,andtherealnutritionalvalueismeat.Therefore,thedietstructureismainlymeat,andtheingredientsofmanydishesarederivedfromcattle,sheep,chicken,andfish.Eatbeefanddrinkmilkalmosteveryyear,sothedietisverysimple.Buttheydon'tlikeeatingcertainpartsofanimals,suchasskin,head,feet,liver,etc.What’smore,atthedinnertable,eachwillhaveitsownportionoffood,AAsystemisoftenusedtopayaftermeals.In2BrokenGirls,customersalwaysorderandeatpasta,hamburgerandFrenchfries.Andalwaystheyeachonlyordertheirowndishandoftenonedinnerplateperperson.ChineseDietCultureAsChinesefoodcultureisaffectedbydifferentfactors,itpresentsdifferentcharacteristics.First,ithasobviousterritoriality.Differentregionshaveformeddifferentdietsystems.ThemostfamousaretheeightChinesecuisines--Shandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,andHuizhou.Secondly,ithasseasonality.Italsohasthecharacteristicsofcombinationofmedicineandfood.Chinesepeopleoftenusefoodtherapytopreventandtreatdiseases.Intheend,Chinesedietalsoemphasizedaestheticrequirements,suchascarvingoutflowers,birdsandothershapesfromcarrotstodecoratemeals[11]85.Inshort,Chinesecuisineisfullofcolorandfragrance.Besides,peopleusuallyliketosharealargetableofdishesonalargeroundtable.Afterthemeal,theywillscrambletopay.TheDifferencesFromDietCultureForthetypeoffood,AmericandishesandprocessingmethodsarerelativelysinglewhileChinesedishesarevariedandalsothecookingmethodsarevarious,suchasfried,paste,cooked,boiled,slipped,etc.Americanpeoplemainlyeatfastfood.Theythinkitisnotsoimportantforthemtoeatthreemealsaday,maybetheysavetimetowork[12]47.However,InChina,thereisanoldsaying:Hungerbreedsdiscontentment,showinghowsignificantthefoodtoChinese.Forthreemealsaday,theChinesebelievethatlunchisthemostimportant,solunchisthemostabundantofthreemealsaday.Inaddition,Americanseattheirowndish,butChinesepreferalargetableofpeoplesharingalargetableofdishes.Furthermore,peoplearemoreliketopaytheirownmealinthediner,oritiscalledAAsystem.However,AAsystemisnotsopoliteinChina,especiallyeatingwithseniority.ThereasonsoftheCulturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmericaDifferencesinHistoricalandGeographicIntermsofgeographicalenvironment,Chinaisasemi-closedinlandgeographicenvironment.ChinesecultureoriginatedinChina'smotherriver--theYellowRiverBasin.Chinesetraditionalsmallholdereconomyemphasizesself-sufficiency,notproductexchange,whichtypeofeconomyhasasignificantimpactonChineseculture.Intheolddays,thedevelopmentofcollectivefarmingisdeterminedbythelowlevelofproductioncapacity.Underthisinfluence,patriarchalrelationshipshaveahugeimpactinpeople'slives.Infact,Chinesecultureis“home”based,sofamilybloodrelationshipexpandsacrosssociety,whicheventuallyformedapoliticalstructureofhomecountry.Becauseoffeudalruleforthousandsofyears,thehighdegreeofcentralizationofthekingrequiresahighdegreeofunityinthegrassrootspeople.Confucianismadvocatesbenevolence、righteousness、manners、wisdom、credit,whichhappenstoholdthesameviewtoemperors’governancestrategy,thatiswhyitgetsinheritedandcarriesforward.Astimegoesby,aseriesofethics,morals,values,andworldviewsofChinesearetiltedtowardsit.Americabelongstoanopenmarinegeography.ThedevelopmentofindustryandcommercehasaprofoundimpactonAmericanculture,whichnotonlydrivestheU.S.economy,butalsochangespeople'sthinking.Americanpeopleputmoreemphasisonindividualvalues,legalsystem,andfair.AsforAmericanhistory,ithastosaythattheearlyimmigrantswhocreatedtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.EarlyEuropeanimmigrationmadeupthebulkoftheAmerica,whichalsolaidtheculturalfoundationoftheAmericannation.TheseEuropeanimmigrantswereforcedtocometothisnewcontinentinordertoavoidreligiouspersecution,sofewpeoplehavenostalgiafortheirhomecountry.WhentheycametotheAmericancontinent,theyhavetobeself-reliantandfighttenaciouslywithnatureforsurvival,forindependenceandforequality.Hence,Americansdonotworshipauthorityandconvincethathasnotachievedthegoalrelyingontheirownstrength.In2BrokenGirls,MaxandCarolinehavestrongpersonalawarenessandalsopaygreatattentiontoequality.DifferencesinTraditionalCultureChinesecultureisbasedonConfucianculture,whichpromotessimplicityandharmony.TheChinesepeopleemphasizetherelationshipbetweenmanandsocietyandalsoadvocatecollectivismbeforeindividualism.Forexample,ChinaDreammeansachievingnationalprosperity,nationalrejuvenation,andpeople’shappiness.Atalargelevel,forindividuals,itrepresentsthe"featureofhappiness"forthefurtherimprovementofsocialharmony.Asforthenation,itrepresentsthe"civilizationcharacteristics"ofthefurtherevolutionofChinesecivilizationintherevival.Asforthecountry,itrepresentsthe"strengthcharacteristic"oftheoverallleapinoverallnationalstrength.Besides,thevaluesofcollectivismarealsoreflectedinfoodculture.However,Americancultureemphasizespersonalidentityandfreedom[13]69.Americanspaymoreattentiontoindividualismandbelievethatindividualsprecedecollectives.AsforAmericanDream,itreferstoanidealthatbelievesabetterlifecanonlybeachievedthroughunremittingstruggleintheUnitedStates,thatis,peoplemustadvancetoprosperitythroughtheirhardwork,courage,creativity,anddetermination,ratherthanrelyingonspecificsocialclassesandassistancefromothers.In2BrokenGirls,Carolinealwaysthinksshecanlivethelifeshewantsagainbyopeningabakery.Afterfailingagainandagain,shestilldoesn'tgiveup,whichiswhattheAmericanDreamspurshertoachieveherowndream.DifferencesinValuesIntheprocessofcross-culturalcommunication,valuesdeterminepeople'swordsanddeeds,theyalsohaveagreatimpactonpeople'sideology.Sinceancienttimes,Chinesepeoplehavealwayslovedpeaceandenjoyedsharing.Theypayattentiontopeaceininterpersonalcommunicationandbusiness.Proposedatthe18thPartyCongress,coresocialistvalueshavebecomeChinesevalue,includingprosperity,democracy,civility,harmony,freedom,equality,justice,theruleoflaw,patri