CCSL67DB23Blockchainbaseddatavalueanalysisguidel黑龍江省市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布IDB23/T3326—2022前言 2規(guī)范性引用文件 3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義 4基本原則 5基礎(chǔ)保障 6數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值 7場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用 附錄A（資料性）涉及數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)塊鏈有關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義 7參考文獻(xiàn) DB23/T3326—2022本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定起草。請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。本文件由黑龍江省工業(yè)和信息化廳提出并歸口。本文件起草單位：黑龍江省運(yùn)通科技有限公司。本文件主要起草人：呂翔宇、王業(yè)光、王國(guó)輝、許加利、田鑫、李颯。DB23/T3326—20221基于區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值分析指南本文件給出了基于區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值分析的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義、基本原則、基礎(chǔ)保障、數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值、場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用。本文件適用于基于區(qū)塊鏈的應(yīng)用，分析和挖掘存在的數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值。2規(guī)范性引用文件本文件沒有規(guī)范性引用文件。3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義ISO22738-2020界定的以及下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。3.13.2區(qū)塊block一種區(qū)塊鏈的基本組成單元，通常由一系列交易和一些關(guān)于區(qū)塊的元信息組成。[來源：ISO22738:2020，3.2，有修改]3.33.4區(qū)塊鏈blockchain一種將數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)塊順序相連，并通過共識(shí)協(xié)議、數(shù)字簽名、雜湊函數(shù)等密碼學(xué)方式保證的抗篡改和不可偽造的分布式賬本。[來源：ISO22739：2020，3.6，有修改]3.53.6節(jié)點(diǎn)node具有特定功能的區(qū)塊鏈組件，可獨(dú)立運(yùn)行的單元。[來源：ISO22739：2020，3.50，有修改]3.73.8地址address節(jié)點(diǎn)在區(qū)塊鏈中的標(biāo)識(shí)，具有唯一性。3.93.10交易transaction區(qū)塊鏈雙方或多方參與，并且會(huì)發(fā)生狀態(tài)變更的一種基本區(qū)塊組成單元。[來源：ISO22739：2020，3.77，有修改]3.113.12用戶user參與產(chǎn)生區(qū)塊鏈交易數(shù)據(jù)的個(gè)人、組織或進(jìn)程。[來源：ISO22739：2020，3.2，有修改]3.133.14共識(shí)consensusDB23/T3326—20222在分布式節(jié)點(diǎn)間達(dá)成區(qū)塊數(shù)據(jù)一致性的認(rèn)可。3.153.16共識(shí)節(jié)點(diǎn)consensusnode負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)生區(qū)塊，并維護(hù)區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)的節(jié)點(diǎn)。節(jié)點(diǎn)保存著自己的一份或者部分賬本，通過投票或者算力等方式來解決共識(shí)問題，在無信任或弱信任的方式下確保全體節(jié)點(diǎn)遵循的賬本和自己的賬本是一致的。3.173.18共識(shí)協(xié)議consensusprotocol區(qū)塊鏈中通過數(shù)學(xué)算法實(shí)現(xiàn)不同節(jié)點(diǎn)之間對(duì)記賬內(nèi)容達(dá)成一致的方法，是區(qū)塊鏈確認(rèn)世界狀態(tài)，節(jié)點(diǎn)間建立信任、協(xié)同合作的基礎(chǔ)。4基本原則4.1去中心化區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)不依賴額外的第三方管理機(jī)構(gòu)或硬件設(shè)施，沒有中心管制，除自成一體的區(qū)塊鏈本身，通過分布式核算和存儲(chǔ)，各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)生區(qū)塊共識(shí)節(jié)點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息自我驗(yàn)證、傳遞和管理。4.2開放性區(qū)塊鏈基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)是開源的，在共識(shí)協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上，除了交易各方的私有信息被加密外，區(qū)塊鏈的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)所有人開放，任何人都可以通過公開的接口查詢區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)和開發(fā)相關(guān)應(yīng)用，因此整個(gè)系統(tǒng)信息高度透明。4.3獨(dú)立性基于協(xié)商一致的規(guī)范和共識(shí)協(xié)議(如比特幣采用的哈希算法等各種數(shù)學(xué)算法)，整個(gè)區(qū)塊鏈系統(tǒng)不依賴其他第三方，所有節(jié)點(diǎn)能夠在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)自動(dòng)安全地驗(yàn)證、交換數(shù)據(jù)，不需要任何人為的干預(yù)。4.4安全性主觀人為的數(shù)據(jù)變更者較難做到控制全部數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的51%以上，即無法肆意操控修改網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)，確保區(qū)塊鏈本身變得相對(duì)安全。4.5匿名性除非有法律規(guī)范要求，單從技術(shù)上來講，各區(qū)塊節(jié)點(diǎn)的身份信息不需要公開或驗(yàn)證，信息傳遞可以匿名進(jìn)行。5基礎(chǔ)保障5.1制度建設(shè)建立區(qū)塊鏈信息服務(wù)提供者的信息安全管理責(zé)任制，制定和公開管理規(guī)則和平臺(tái)公約，落實(shí)真實(shí)身份信息認(rèn)證制度，規(guī)避區(qū)塊鏈信息服務(wù)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。5.2主體責(zé)任DB23/T3326—20223樹立區(qū)塊鏈信息服務(wù)提供者的安全責(zé)任意識(shí)，建立信息安全管理主體責(zé)任制，配備與其服務(wù)相適應(yīng)的技術(shù)條件。5.3技術(shù)保障5.3.1區(qū)塊鏈系統(tǒng)宜采用的對(duì)稱密碼算法、非對(duì)稱密碼算法等，見GB/T32905、GB/T32907和GB/T32918以及相應(yīng)的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。5.3.2區(qū)塊鏈框架見GB/T17901.1的規(guī)定，運(yùn)行環(huán)境見GB/T22239三級(jí)及以上的要求。5.3.3技術(shù)密鑰管理，包括但不限于：對(duì)稱密鑰、非對(duì)稱密鑰、群密鑰以及密鑰派生等見GB/T17901.3的要求。5.3.4采用的密碼模塊見GB/T37092-2018二級(jí)及以上的要求，密碼模塊安全檢測(cè)要求見GB/T38625的要求，公鑰基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合性測(cè)評(píng)見GB/T30272。5.3.5區(qū)塊鏈運(yùn)維管理中的身份認(rèn)證與權(quán)限管理、密鑰管理等工作的安全運(yùn)維見GB/T22239、GB/T36626和ISOTR23244-2020的要求。5.3.6實(shí)體鑒別見GB/T15843系列算法。5.3.7區(qū)塊鏈中的可信時(shí)間源見GBT20520的要求。5.3.8隨機(jī)數(shù)生成和敏感安全參數(shù)生成見GB/T37092的要求，隨機(jī)序列生成見GB/T32915的要求。6數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值6.1概述區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)具有“不可偽造”“全程留痕”“可以追溯”“公開透明”“集體維護(hù)”等特征。區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)一旦在鏈上進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)，即無法篡改，并支持在數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行查驗(yàn)和安全共享，提高系統(tǒng)參與方的協(xié)作效率。每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)中都存有整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的所有數(shù)據(jù)，增加新的數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)塊，需要經(jīng)過這些節(jié)點(diǎn)的交叉驗(yàn)證，保障數(shù)據(jù)的真實(shí)性。注：區(qū)塊鏈和分布式分類帳技術(shù)系統(tǒng)中智能合約的概述和交互見ISOTR2346.2無形要素由經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任、持續(xù)發(fā)展責(zé)任、法律責(zé)任和道德責(zé)任等構(gòu)成的無形要素價(jià)值，包括但不限于：——社會(huì)責(zé)任，包括企業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)、安全生產(chǎn)、社會(huì)道德以及公共利益等方面的數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值挖掘與分析；——知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，包括版權(quán)與鄰接權(quán)、商標(biāo)權(quán)、地理標(biāo)志權(quán)、工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計(jì)權(quán)、專利權(quán)、集成電路布圖設(shè)計(jì)權(quán)、未披露過的信息專有權(quán)的數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)與價(jià)值分析；——品牌管理，包括品牌文化、品牌歷史、品牌戰(zhàn)略、品牌知名度、品牌忠誠(chéng)度等；——商業(yè)秘密等。6.3質(zhì)量要素由基本概念、驗(yàn)證過程、驗(yàn)證工具、應(yīng)用案例等保證數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量要素價(jià)值，包括但不限于：——質(zhì)量管理，包括數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)范管理、信息分專業(yè)管理、數(shù)據(jù)核查管理、通知預(yù)警管理和質(zhì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等功能；——質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括數(shù)據(jù)的精度、準(zhǔn)確性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、及時(shí)性。DB23/T3326—202246.4服務(wù)要素區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)作為服務(wù)要素，具有無消耗性、增值性、依附性、全面性的特點(diǎn)，其價(jià)值運(yùn)用，包括但不限于：——服務(wù)保障，包括用戶數(shù)據(jù)安全性、隱私性、存儲(chǔ)容量、存儲(chǔ)設(shè)施、儲(chǔ)存時(shí)效性等；——服務(wù)過程，包括管理人員、服務(wù)界面等；——服務(wù)結(jié)果，包括滿意度、服務(wù)改進(jìn)等。6.5創(chuàng)新要素區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)作為重要的生產(chǎn)要素與資源，具備創(chuàng)新的動(dòng)力，是企業(yè)核心的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)作為可信的基礎(chǔ)，包括但不限于：——研發(fā)管理，包括完善現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品或開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品、新過程、新組織模式與新市場(chǎng)；——戰(zhàn)略機(jī)制，包括目標(biāo)定位、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)換、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定固化成果等；——?jiǎng)?chuàng)新管理，包括企業(yè)管理、政府監(jiān)管、社會(huì)管理等；——?jiǎng)?chuàng)新能力，包括基于區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)分析能力、市場(chǎng)拓展應(yīng)用能力、創(chuàng)新投入能力等。7場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用7.1物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和物流領(lǐng)域利用散狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)分層結(jié)構(gòu)，將整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信息通過結(jié)點(diǎn)連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)全面、準(zhǔn)確、可檢驗(yàn)的傳遞過程，價(jià)值優(yōu)勢(shì)包括但不限于：——通過區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)錄入層、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信層、數(shù)據(jù)安全與隱私保護(hù)層、共識(shí)層、智能合約層、應(yīng)用層等功能性層級(jí)達(dá)到全程留痕，使物品的生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)送過程具有可追溯性，保證數(shù)據(jù)不可偽造，實(shí)現(xiàn)集體維護(hù)，降低物流成本，實(shí)現(xiàn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)交易便利化、智能化的數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；——通過大數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)篩選過濾物聯(lián)網(wǎng)交易，在區(qū)塊鏈中建立信用資源模式，保證數(shù)據(jù)交易的安全性，實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用智能物流模式節(jié)約時(shí)間成本的數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；——通過區(qū)塊鏈節(jié)點(diǎn)在整個(gè)區(qū)塊鏈體系中的獨(dú)立性和非干擾性，實(shí)現(xiàn)智能物流分散用戶對(duì)拓展和集體數(shù)據(jù)的共同維護(hù)；——通過支持核心信息與智能設(shè)備關(guān)聯(lián)共同識(shí)別，設(shè)置預(yù)先定義的規(guī)則，對(duì)其進(jìn)行編程后，實(shí)現(xiàn)無差錯(cuò)、防篡改執(zhí)行的數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值。7.2金融領(lǐng)域區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)憑借其應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括但不限于：——通過共同協(xié)議直接連通付款方銀行與接收方銀行數(shù)據(jù)，繞過中轉(zhuǎn)銀行，減少中轉(zhuǎn)費(fèi)用支出，滿足客戶對(duì)金融服務(wù)及時(shí)性、便捷性的需求，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；——實(shí)現(xiàn)全天候支付、實(shí)時(shí)到賬、提現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)便，消滅大量的隱性成本，降低跨境支付結(jié)算風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；——通過將限定用戶名冊(cè)置于區(qū)塊鏈進(jìn)行管理，實(shí)現(xiàn)限定用戶用電子簽名在區(qū)塊鏈簽訂股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的電子合同，即由區(qū)塊鏈保證貨銀對(duì)付，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)值；DB23/T3326—20225——在股權(quán)眾籌型企業(yè)中，利用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，眾籌投資者可實(shí)現(xiàn)在線上完成股權(quán)登記的所有電子合同及再次轉(zhuǎn)讓合同，提供良好的股權(quán)眾籌退出機(jī)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)便利的、真實(shí)傳遞的數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；——在進(jìn)行員工持股激勵(lì)方面，利用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，公司可以把股權(quán)、期權(quán)、限制性股權(quán)、分紅權(quán)等各種權(quán)益在一個(gè)去中心化的區(qū)塊鏈系統(tǒng)里管理起來，增加員工對(duì)自己權(quán)益的掌控權(quán)。7.3數(shù)據(jù)存證區(qū)塊鏈上數(shù)據(jù)被確權(quán)后，后續(xù)交易都會(huì)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)記錄，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字版權(quán)全生命周期管理，包括但不限——通過區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)對(duì)作品進(jìn)行鑒權(quán)，證明文字、視頻、音頻等作品的存在，保證權(quán)屬的真實(shí)性、唯一性；——通過將合同、文檔數(shù)據(jù)記錄到區(qū)塊鏈上，可向外界證明在某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，該合同、文檔的存在——文件的數(shù)據(jù)記錄置于區(qū)塊鏈上，未來可以通過校驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)指紋判斷這份文件是否被篡改過。7.4溯源、防偽與供應(yīng)鏈通過對(duì)每一次流轉(zhuǎn)的登記，追蹤記錄有形商品或無形信息的流轉(zhuǎn)鏈條，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)地追溯、防偽鑒證，包括但不限于：——通過溯源信息系統(tǒng)安全平穩(wěn)且高效率的運(yùn)作，支持優(yōu)化服務(wù)供應(yīng)鏈目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)；——支持藥品溯源、藝術(shù)品防偽、奢侈品防偽等，提供可靠的交易。7.5保險(xiǎn)區(qū)塊鏈在保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括但不限于：——區(qū)塊鏈可實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的全程可追溯，信息不被調(diào)取時(shí)處于無標(biāo)識(shí)狀態(tài)，觸發(fā)時(shí)能快速準(zhǔn)確調(diào)取，高效的解決索賠，避免通過身份欺騙、數(shù)據(jù)抵賴導(dǎo)致的保險(xiǎn)欺詐；——通過區(qū)塊鏈的共識(shí)協(xié)議技術(shù)，保險(xiǎn)公司可實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)精準(zhǔn)分析，觸發(fā)自動(dòng)理賠行為。7.6醫(yī)療區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)能為醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)解決大量敏感信息保存的問題，包括但不限于：——病史記錄；——疾病的支付信息；——疾病的治療過程；——安全和隱私的存儲(chǔ)。7.7預(yù)測(cè)市場(chǎng)區(qū)塊鏈預(yù)測(cè)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，包括但不限于：——無中心化服務(wù)器，難以被關(guān)閉；——用戶可以創(chuàng)造自己的交易市場(chǎng)；——低成本運(yùn)營(yíng)，低費(fèi)率；——眾包型的結(jié)果判斷；——安全以及自動(dòng)化的支付。DB23/T3326—202267.8公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域區(qū)塊鏈在公共管理、能源、交通等與民眾生產(chǎn)生活領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮社會(huì)責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ)作用，包括但不限于：——通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸服務(wù)就能實(shí)現(xiàn)域名的查詢和解析；——確保某個(gè)重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的操作系統(tǒng)和固件沒有被篡改；——可以監(jiān)控軟件的狀態(tài)和完整性，發(fā)現(xiàn)不良的篡改；——確保傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)沒用經(jīng)過篡改。7.9公益領(lǐng)域區(qū)塊鏈存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)捐贈(zèng)項(xiàng)目、募集明細(xì)、資金流向、受助人反饋等公益流程，具有不可偽造、全程留痕、可以追溯、公開透明、集體維護(hù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括但不限于：——可靠性高且不可篡改；——在社會(huì)公益場(chǎng)景中，可以有條件地進(jìn)行透明公開公示，方便社會(huì)監(jiān)督。DB23/T3326—20227附錄B（資料性）附錄C涉及數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)塊鏈有關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義表A.1給出了涉及數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)塊鏈有關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義，并給出相關(guān)參考譯文。表A.1涉及數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)塊鏈有關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義setofinterrelatedorinteractingactivitiesthatuseinputstoneedorexpectationthatisstated,generdegreetowhichasetofinherentcharacteristicsofanobjectfulfilsrequnon-fulfilmentofarequirementknowledgeconcerningobjects,things,processes,orideas,includingconcepts,thatwithcertaincontexthasaparticularreinterpretablerepresentationofinformationinaformalizedmannersuitableforcommunication,interprestoring,accessing,transferring,andarchivingofdatalogicallymeaningfulgroupingofdatadatadefininganddescribdatasupportingtheexistenceorverityofsomethingstringofcharacterscreatedbyanorganizationtoreference8processthat,whenappliedtoanidentifier,concreteorabstractthinginthedomainreferencethatcanberesolvedunambiguouslytothname,thelocationandtheadministratoroftheorganizationphysicalorjuridicalpersongrantedlegalstatusbythegoverningbodyofanation,stateorcommunityidentifierissuedbyanorganizationthatistheoriginatoroftheobjectidentifiedorauthoritativelegalentityiidentifierthatidentifiesalegalenadministrativeagencyforagoverningbodyofthenation,state,orcommunitywiththeauthoritytidentifierissuedbyanorganizationthatoriginatoroftheobjectidentifiedproxylegalentityidenidentifierthatidentifiesaorganizationthatisnottheadministrativegovernmentand,thus,hasnoauthoritytorecordoflifeeventskeptundergovernmentalauthorityidentifierresolutionthat,withouttheneedtopaidentifierresolutionthat,onlyafterpayingafee,rwithouttheneedtopayafee,usingtermsanddefinititodiscoverconceptidentif9measureascertainordeterminethemagnitudeorquantityofresultofmeasuringsomethingdatarepresentingameatextualdescriptionofhowacriterionismeasured,includinganynecessaryadditionalattributesandrcontrolthetestandtheelementorelementstobeteswhichplaystheroleofanexternalspecificationforareliablemeasuringalgorithmproductthingorsubstanceproducedbyanaturalorartifrepresentationofinformationaboutaproductinaformalmannersuitableforcommunication,interpretation,processingbyhumanbeingsorbycomputeoneormoreprocessescreatingorusingprospecifiesanapplicationinterpretedmodelsatscopeandinformationrequirementsforasapplicationrefereninformationmodelthatdescribestheinforequirementsandconstraintsofanapplicationwithinanapplicationprotocolordescriptionofanentitytypecontaining,ataminimumunambiguousidentifier,aterma找collectionofdatadictionaryentriesthatallowslookupbysetofrequirementscoveringthecharacteristicsofdatabeingfitforoneormoreparticularinstanceofaspecificvaluetogetherwithanidentifierforadatadictionaryentrythatdefdescriptionofanentitybytheclasstowhichitbelongsandasetofpropertyvaluesdegreetowhichasetofinherentcharacteristicsofdatacoordinatedactivitiestodirectandcontwithregardtodataqualinon-fulfilmentofadatarequirementrecordoftheultimatederivationandpassageofapieceofdatathroughitsvariousownersorcusconfirmation,throughtheprovisionofobjectiveevidence,thatspecifiedrequirementshavebeenfulficonfirmation,throughtheprovisionofobjectiveevidence,thattherequirementsforaspecificintendeduseorappownerofaprocessthatcreatesdavaluethatservesasanagreed-uponrvaluethatcharacterizesacharacteristicperfectlydefintheconditionsthatexistwhenthecharacteristiciscoqualityofdatainrespectoftherepresentedvalueagreeingwiththecorrespondingtruevaluetoadegreenecessrecordoftheinformationprovidedaboutthedataaccuracyofaqualityofadatasetinrespectofthecontentbeingallthatisnecessaryforanintrecordoftheinformationprovidedaboutthedatacompletenessofaspecifieddataspecificationofthevalidsentencesofaformallanguagetechniqueofreplacingnaturallanguagetermsinamessagewithidentifiersthatreferencedatadictionaryentri范semanticallycodeddataspedataspecificationthatusesentriesfromabusinesstransactioncompletionofabusinessactionoracourseofactiondatarepresentingabusinesstrandataheldbyanorganizationtodescribetheenarebothindependentandfundamentalforthatoandreferencedinordertoperformitstrandatamessageusedtoexchangemasconsistency,completeness,andsuitaboftheproductdatacriterionforevaluatingproductdatdatarepresentingproductshapewithgeomettopologicalinformatallowanceusedfortheassessmentofshapedataqualitybydeterminationofconformitytospecifiedrequirementsresultofinspectionwhichindicateswhether,ornot,qualitydefectsexistwithintheinspectedproductshspecificationtocontrolprecisionofanapproximateitemofproductiongoodsorservicethatconformstnumberusedtoidentifyanindividualoccurrenceofanitemofproductionitemofsupplyclassofsubstitutablegoodsorservicformorfunctiondepartnumberuniquealphanumericdesignationassigneidentifierofasetofproductcharacteristicsforthepurposeofinventorycontrolorprocurementpersonwhocreates,reads,modifies,anddeletesdataaccordancewiththeguidelinesfordataqualitymanagemandmeasuresdataqualityanresultofmeasuringdataqualitypersonwhocontrolsandcoordinatestheworkofdatatechniciansbydefiningcriterianeededtomaintainbydesigningdataschemata,andbyanalysingthecausesoferrorstopreventtheirrpersonwhoestablishesplansfordataqualityimprovemeinanorganization,grantsdataadministratorsthetraceandcorrectdataovertheiorganization,andmaintainsdataconsistencyininformationsystemsthroughtheorganizatio織personororganizationdelegatedtheresponsibilimanagingaspecificsetofdataresourcesprocessassessmentmodelmodelsuitableforthepurposeofassessingaspecifiedprocessqualitycharacteristic,basedononeormoreproreferencemodelssetofelementsinaprocessassessmentmodelexplicirelatedtotheprocessesdefinedintherelevantpmodelderivedfromoneormorespecassessmentmodelsthatidentifytheprocesssthelevelsinaspecifiedscaleoforganizationalprocessmaturiidentifiedpartofanorganizationthatdeploysoneormoreprocessesthatoperatewithinacoherentsetofbusinessgoalsandwhichformsthebasisforthescopeofanassessmpointonanordinalscaleoforganizationalprocematuritythatcharacterisesthematurityoftheorganizationalunitassessedinthescopeofthematuritymodeluseddisciplinedevaluationofanorganizationprocessesagainstaprocessassessmentmodelinformationrequiredbeforeaprocessassesallofthetangibleresultsfromaprocessassessmentoneormoreindividualswhojointlyperformaprocessprocessqualityattribumeasurablepropertyofaprocessqualitycharacteristicprocessattributeratingjudgementofthedegreeofachievementoftheprocessattributefortheassesssetofprocessattributeratingsforanassessedprocessorderlydocumentedcollectionoftheinformationwhichispertinenttoaprocessassessmentandaddstotheunderstandingandverificationoftheprocessprofilesgeneratedbythesourcesofobjectiveevidenceusedtosupporttheassessor'sjudgementinratingprocessattributesprocesscapabilitycharacterizationoftheabilityofaprocesstomeetcurrentorprojectedbusineprocesscapabilitylecharacterizationofaprocessonanoobservableresultofthesuccessfulachievementofprocesspurposedevelopmentandenforcementofpoliciesrelatedtothemanagementofdataanythingthathasvaluetoastakblockstructureddatacomprisingblockdataandablostructureddatacomprisingzeroormoretrecordsorreferencestotransaction塊blockheaderstructureddatathatincludesacryptographiclipreviousblockunlessthereisnopreviousblockrewardgiventominersorvalidatorsafteradistributedledgerwithconfirmedblocksorgappend-only,sequentialchainusingcrsystemthatimplementsacceptedbyconsensusforinclusioninadistblockthathasbeenconfitransactionthathasbeenconfvalidatedand2)thatthedistributedledgercontainssetandorderingofvalidatedtransactionsrulesandproceduresbywhichconsensusisreacdigitalassetimplementedusingcryptographictecrypto-assetdesignedtoworkasamediumofvaluecryptographichashffunctionmappingbinarystringsofarbitrarylengthtobinarystringsoffixedlength,suchthatitiscomputationallycostlytofindforagivenououtput,itiscomputationallyinfeasasecondinputthatmacomputationallyinfeasibletofindanytwodistinctinpureference,constructedusingacryptographichashfuncttechnique,thatpointstodisciplinethatembodiestheprinciples,memethodsforthetransformationofdatainordertohidetheirsemanticcontent,preventtheirunauthorizeduse,orpretheirundetectedmodificatiapplicationthatrunsonadecentraldistributedsystemwhereincontrolisdistributthepersonsororganizationsparticipatingintheoperationofassetthatexistsonlyindirepresentationofanotherassetdatawhich,whenappendedtoadigitalobject,enauserofthedigitalobjecttoauthenticateitsoriginandintegrityledgerthatissharedacrossasetofDLTnodesandsynchronizedbetweentheDLTdistributedledgertetechnologythatenablestheoperationanduseofdistributedledgertechnologyaccount;representationofanentityparticipatinginatradistributedledgertechnologyvaluethatidentifiesaDLTaccountpdistributedledgertechnologynetworkofDLTnodesdistributedledgertechnoldistributedledgertechnolodistributedledgertechnologyplsetofprocessing,storageandcommunicationentitieswhichtogetherprovidethecapabilitiesoftheDLTsystemondistributedledgertechnosystemthatimplementsadistridistributedledgertechnoloentitythatusessesysteminwhichcomponentslocatedocomputerscommunicateandcoordinatetheiractinteractingwitheafailureofaDLTplatformwherethecontrolofatokenorcrypto-assetisincorrectlytransferredmoreiteminsideoroutsideaninformationandctechnologysystem,suchaasubsystem,oragroupofsuchitemsthathasrecognizablossofabilitytoperformasrequiredabilityofafunctionalunittocontinuetoperformarequiredfunctioninthepresenceoffaultsorerrorschangetoaDLTplatforminwhichnewlblockscreatedbytheDLTnodesusingthenewversionoftDLTplatformarenotacceptedversionsoftheDLTplatformstringofbitswhichistheoutputofacryptographichashpropertywhereinledgerrecordscannotbemodifiedorremovedonceaddedtoadistabilityoftwoormoresystemsorapplicationstoexchangeinformationandtomutuallyusetheinformationthatleafnodenodethathasnochildnodesinformationstorethatkeepsrecordsoftransactionsthatareintendedtobefinal,definitivrecordcontainingtransactionrecords,hashvaluesoftransactionrecords,orreferencestotransactionrecorrecordedonadistributcreationoftwoormoredifferentversionsofadistributedledgeroriginatingfromacommonstartinhistoryrootnodeofaMerkletreetreedatastructureinwhicheveryleafnodeislabelledwiththehashvalueofadataelementandeverynon-leafnodeislabelledwiththehashvalueofthelabelsofitschildnodesminingactivity,insomeconsensusvalidatesblocksorvalidatesledgerrecelementarycomponentfromwhichadatastrunumberorbitstringusedonceinasetofcryptograrelatedtoablockchainsystem,butlocated,performed,orrunoutsidethatblockchainsrelatedtoaDLTsystem,butloclocated,performed,orruninsideablockchrelatingto,using,orbeinganetworkofequalpeersthatshareinformationandresourceswithewithoutrelyingonacentrpermissionedrequiringauthorizationtoperformaparticularactivityorpermissioneddistributedledgersypermissioneddistributedledgertechnologysDLTsysteminwhichprivatedistributedledgersystem;privatedistributedledgertechnologysystem;keyofanentity'sasymmetrickeypairthatiskeptsecandwhichshouldonlybeusedbythapruneproduceasmallerreplicaofadistributedledgerbyremovingalltransactionrecordsmeetingspecifiedcritewhileensuringthatthosetransactionscanberestoredwintegrityifneededpublicdistributedledgersystepublicdistributedledgertechnologysysteDLTsystemwhichisaccessiblkeyofanentity'sasymmetrickeypairwhichcanbemadepublicpublic-keycryptographycryptographyinwhichapublickeyandacorresprivatekeyareusedforencryptionanddecryptiforverifyingdigitalsignaturesanddigitallyinformationcreated,receivedandmaintainedaseandasanassetbyanorganizationorperson,inobligationsorinthetransactionofbusinessrewardsystemandincentivemecmethodofofferingrewardforsomeactivitiesconcernedwiththeoperationofanodethathasnoparentnodistributedledgerinwhichthecontentofledgerrecordsisaccessiblebymultipleeblockchainsystemthatinteroperateswiassociatedblockchainsystemtoperformaspecirelationtotheassociatedblockchainsoutcomeofanyexecutionoftheprogramisrecordedonthedistributewhichsomerecordsorblockscreatedtheoldversionoftheDLTplatformarenotacceptedasvalidbyDLTnodesusingnewversionsoftheDLTplatformlogicallyseparatechainthatcanformpartofablockchaintimevariantparameterwhichdenotesapointintimerespecttoacommontimerefedigitalassetthatrepresentsacollectionofentitlementssmallestunitofaworkprocess,whichisoneormoresequencesofactionsrequiredtoproduceanoutcomethatcomplieswithgoverninfeepaidtominersorvalidatorsforinclusionofatransactioninadistriburecorddocumentingatransactionofanytypedegreetowhichauserorotherstakeholderhascthataproductorsystemwillbehaveasexpectedstatusofanentitywhenitsrequiredintegrityconditionsfunction