2025年大學(xué)四級英語閱讀理解能力提升試卷及答案考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分選詞填空閱讀下面的文章，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容填入每個空白處最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。每詞僅用一次。Youmaynotbeawareofit,butyouaresurroundedbygerms(細菌)everyday.Thesetinyorganisms(生物體)liveoneverysurface,intheair,andeveninyourownbody.Whilemostgermsareharmlessorevenhelpful,somecanmakeyousick.Understandinghowthesegermsspreadandwhatyoucandotoprotectyourselfiscrucial(至關(guān)重要的)forstayinghealthy.Germsprimarilyspreadthroughtheairviacoughs,sneezes,ortalking.Whenaninfectedpersoncoughsorsneezes,theyreleasetinydroplets(液滴)containinggermsintotheair.Ifyoubreatheinthesedroplets,youmightbecomeinfected.Touchingacontaminatedsurface(如門把手、電話)andthentouchingyoureyes,nose,ormouthisanothercommonwaygermsspread.Thisisbecausethegermscanenteryourbodythroughthesemucousmembranes(黏膜).Thereareseveralsimplestepsyoucantaketominimize(減少)germtransmission(傳播).Firstly,practicegoodhygiene(衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣).Washyourhandsfrequentlywithsoapandwaterforatleast20seconds,especiallyaftercoughing,sneezing,ortouchingsharedsurfaces.Ifsoapandwaterarenotavailable,useanalcohol-basedhandsanitizer(消毒劑).Secondly,coveryourmouthandnosewithatissue(紙巾)whenyoucoughorsneeze,anddisposeof(處理)thetissueimmediately.Ifyoudon'thaveatissue,coughorsneezeintoyourelbowinsteadofyourhand.Anothereffectivemeasureistokeepyourlivingandworkingspacesclean.Regularlycleanfrequentlytouchedsurfaceslikedoorknobs,lightswitches,andelectronicdevices.Usingdisinfectants(消毒劑)canhelpkillgermsonthesesurfaces.Additionally,improvingindoorairqualitycanreducetheamountofgermsintheair.Simpleactionslikeopeningwindowstoallowfreshaircirculation(循環(huán))canmakeadifference.Whilethesepreventivemeasuresarehighlyeffective,theycannoteliminate(消除)allexposuretogerms.Sometimes,despiteyourbestefforts,youmightstillgetsick.Insuchcases,it'simportanttorecognizethesymptoms(癥狀)ofcommonillnesseslikethefluoracold.Theseoftenincludefever,cough,sorethroat(喉嚨痛),runnynose(流鼻涕),andbodyaches.Ifyoursymptomsaresevereorpersist(持續(xù)),it'sadvisabletoseekmedicaladvice.Byunderstandinghowgermsspreadandimplementing(實施)thesepracticalstrategies,youcansignificantlyreduceyourriskofinfection(感染)andstayhealthier.Remember,smallchangesinyourdailyhabitscanhaveabigimpactonyouroverallwell-being(健康福祉).請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從下列單詞中選擇合適的詞填入文中的空白處。beginningbuilddevelopescapefindgrowspreadgermsharmfulhelpfulimproveprotectpreventstepsfollowinghandimmediatelyimportantkeepkillsurfacewayswayswhichwhile1._______youmaynotseethem,germsarealwaysaroundyou.2.Mostgermsareactually_______andevenbeneficial(有益的).3.Germsprimarily_______throughtheairviacoughsandsneezes.4.Youshouldcoveryourmouthandnose_______youcoughorsneeze.5.Washingyourhandsisoneofthe_______waystostayhealthy.6.Regularcleaningcanhelp_______germsoncontaminated_______.7.It'simportanttorecognizethesymptoms_______youfeelsick.8.Simpleactionslikeopeningwindowscan_______indoorairquality.9.Thereareseveralsimple_______youcantaketominimizegermtransmission.10.Somegermscanmakeyousick,butyoucan_______yourselffromthem.11.Ifyoudon'thaveatissue,coughorsneezeintoyour_______insteadofyourhand.12.Thesepreventivemeasuresarehighlyeffectivein_______thespreadofgerms.13.Understandinghowgermsworkisthe_______tostayinghealthy.14.Ifyoursymptomsaresevere,it'sadvisabletoseekmedical_______.15.Byfollowingthesetips,youcansignificantly_______yourriskofinfection.第二部分長篇閱讀閱讀下面的文章，回答后面的問題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，將問題與相應(yīng)的段落進行匹配。A.Inthepast,citieswereoftendesignedwiththecarastheprimarymodeoftransport.Wideroads,parkinglots,andhighwaysdominatedtheurbanlandscape,oftenattheexpenseofpedestrians(行人),cyclists(騎自行車者),andpublictransportation.Thiscar-centric(以汽車為中心的)approachledtonumerousproblems,includingtrafficcongestion(擁堵),airpollution,andsocialisolation.Peoplebecamemoresedentary(久坐不動),andcommunityinteractionsdecreasedasneighborhoodspaceswereincreasinglyoccupiedbyvehicles.B.Thenegativeconsequencesofcar-dominatedcitieshavebecomeincreasinglyevident.Trafficjamsnotonlywastetimeandfuelbutalsocontributesignificantlytourbanairpollution,impactingpublichealth.Furthermore,theemphasisonprivatecarusehasoftenledtothedeclineofpublictransportationsystems,makingthemlessaccessibleandefficient.Thisrelianceoncarsalsofostersasenseofisolation,aspeoplearelesslikelytointeractwiththeirneighborsorusepublicspacesiftheirprimaryfocusisdriving.C.Sustainableurbanplanningfocusesoncreatingcitiesthatareenvironmentallyfriendly,sociallyequitable(公平),andeconomicallyviable(可行的).Thisapproachprioritizespedestrians,cyclists,andpublictransportationoverprivatecars.Itinvolvesredesigningstreetstobemorewalkableandbike-friendly,incorporatinggreenspaces,andimprovingtheaccessibilityandreliabilityofpublictransit.Thegoalistoreducerelianceonfossilfuels(化石燃料),decreasepollution,andpromotehealthierlifestyles.D.Akeyelementofsustainableurbanplanningistheintegration(整合)ofdifferentmodesoftransportation.Thismeansdevelopingcomprehensivetransportnetworksthatconnectvariousoptionsseamlessly.Forinstance,creatingbikelanesthatconnectresidentialareaswithpublictransithubsencouragestheuseofbicyclesandreducescardependency.Similarly,improvingthefrequencyandcoverageofpublicbusesandtrainsmakesalternativetransportationmoreattractiveandconvenientfordailycommuting.E.Thebenefitsofshiftingtowardssustainableurbanplanningaremultifaceted(多方面的).Environmentally,itleadstoreducedairandnoisepollution,contributingtocleanerandquietercities.Socially,itfosterscommunityengagementbymakingpublicspacesmoreinvitingandaccessible,encouraginginteractionamongresidents.Economically,well-designedcitieswithefficienttransportsystemscanattractbusinessesandtalent,boostinglocaleconomies.Health-wise,promotingwalkingandcyclingencouragesphysicalactivity,leadingtoahealthierpopulation.F.Implementingsustainableurbanplanningrequirescarefulcoordinationandlong-termcommitmentfrompolicymakers,urbanplanners,andthecommunity.Itinvolvesupdatingzoninglawstoallowformixed-usedevelopments,whereresidential,commercial,andrecreationalspacesareintegrated.Investingininfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施),suchasaffordablehousing,greenbuildings,andefficientpublictransport,isalsocrucial.Engagingthepublicintheplanningprocessensuresthattheneedsandaspirations(愿望)ofresidentsaremet.請將問題1-6分別與上述A-F段對應(yīng)。1.Whatarethemaindrawbacks(缺點)ofprioritizingcaruseincitydesign?2.Howdoesthecar-centricapproachcontributetoenvironmentalproblems?3.Whataretheprimarygoalsofsustainableurbanplanning?4.Accordingtothispassage,whatisasignificantaspectofsustainabletransportsystems?5.Whataresomeofthepositivesocialandhealthoutcomes(結(jié)果)mentionedforsustainablecities?6.Whatisrequiredforsuccessfulimplementation(實施)ofsustainableurbanplanning?第三部分仔細閱讀閱讀下面的兩篇文章，回答后面的問題。PassageOneTheconceptof"work-lifebalance"hasbecomeincreasinglycentralinmoderndiscussionsaboutcareerandpersonalfulfillment(滿足).Whiletheidealbalancevariesfrompersontoperson,thegeneralunderstandingemphasizestheimportanceofmaintainingahealthyequilibriumbetweenprofessionalresponsibilitiesandpersonallife.Thisincludeshavingsufficienttimeforfamily,hobbies,socialactivities,andself-care.Achievingthisbalanceisnotalwaysstraightforward,asworkdemandsoftencompetewithpersonalcommitments.Technologicaladvancements,particularlytheriseoftheinternetandmobiledevices,havecomplicatedthepursuitofwork-lifebalance.Theabilitytobeconstantlyconnectedhasblurredthelinesbetweenworkandpersonaltime.Manyemployeesfindthemselvescheckingemailsortakingworkcallsoutsideofstandardworkinghours,leadingtowhatisoftentermed"always-on"culture.Thiscanresultinincreasedstress,burnout(職業(yè)倦怠),andadiminished(減少的)senseofwell-being.Thepressuretoremainconstantlyavailablecanmakeitdifficulttotrulydisconnectandrecharge.However,thepursuitofwork-lifebalanceisnotsolelyaboutreducingworkhoursorcompletelyseparatingworkfrompersonallife.Itisalsoaboutmanagingpriorities,settingboundaries(界限),andbeingmindful(意識到的)ofone'sownlimits.Effectivetimemanagementtechniques,suchasprioritizingtasks,delegating(委托)whenpossible,andschedulingdedicated(專門的)timeforpersonalactivities,canhelp.Furthermore,organizationsplayacrucialrolebyfosteringaculturethatsupportsflexibleworkingarrangements(靈活工作安排),encouragesemployeestotaketimeoff,andrespectspersonaltime.Ultimately,achievingwork-lifebalanceisanongoingprocessthatrequiresconsciouseffortandadaptation.Itinvolvesrecognizingtheimportanceofpersonalwell-beingalongsideprofessionalsuccessandmakingdeliberatechoicestointegratebothaspectsoflifeinawaythatfeelsfulfillingandsustainable.Whileperfectbalancemaybeelusive(難以實現(xiàn)的),strivingforitcanleadtoamoremeaningfulandbalancedlife.PassageTwoTherapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparked(引發(fā))intensedebate(辯論)regardingitsfutureimpactonthejobmarket.Proponents(支持者)arguethatAIwillprimarilyautomate(自動化)repetitiveanddangeroustasks,freeinguphumanworkerstofocusonmorecreative,complex,andinterpersonal(人際關(guān)系的)aspectsofwork.TheysuggestthatAIcouldleadtothecreationofnewjobsandindustries,ultimatelyboostingeconomicproductivity.Accordingtosomeforecasts,AImaydisplace(取代)millionsofjobsglobally,particularlyinsectorslikemanufacturing,dataentry,andcustomerservice,butitwillalsogeneratenewemploymentopportunitiesinfieldssuchasAIdevelopment,dataanalysis,androbotmaintenance.Critics,however,expresssignificantconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeconsequencesofwidespreadAIadoption.Onemajorworryisthepotentialforlarge-scalejobdisplacement,whichcouldexacerbate(加劇)economicinequality(不平等)andleavesignificantportionsoftheworkforceunemployedorunderemployed(就業(yè)不足).TheskillsrequiredfornewjobscreatedbyAImaydiffergreatlyfromthosedisplaced,makingitdifficultforworkerstotransition(過渡).TherearealsoethicalconcernsaboutthepotentialforAItoreinforcebiases(偏見)presentintrainingdata,leadingtounfairordiscriminatory(歧視性的)outcomesinareaslikehiringorloanapplications.PreparingfortheAIerarequiresproactive(主動的)effortsfrommultiplestakeholders(利益相關(guān)者).Individualsneedtofocusondevelopingskillsthatarelesslikelytobeautomated,suchascriticalthinking,emotionalintelligence,creativity,andcomplexproblem-solving.Lifelonglearningandadaptabilitywillbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Educationalinstitutionsmustadaptcurricula(課程)toemphasizethesefuture-proofskills.Governmentsandbusinessesalsohavearoletoplayinmanagingthetransition,potentiallythroughretrainingprograms,socialsafetynets(安全網(wǎng)),andpoliciesthatencouragetheresponsibledevelopmentanddeployment(部署)ofAItechnologies.TheintegrationofAIintotheworkforcewillnothappeninavacuum(真空).Itsimpactwillbeshapedbyhumanchoicesregardingitsdesign,regulation(監(jiān)管),andapplication.Whilethefutureisuncertain,thecurrentconversationhighlightstheneedforcarefulconsiderationofhowtoharness(利用)thebenefitsofAIwhilemitigating(減輕)itspotentialriskstoensureafairandprosperous(繁榮的)futureforall.請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，回答以下問題：7.WhatisthemainideaofPassageOneregardingwork-lifebalance?8.Howhastechnology,specificallytheinternetandmobiledevices,affectedwork-lifebalanceaccordingtothepassage?9.Whataresomestrategiesmentionedforachievingabetterwork-lifebalance?10.AccordingtoPassageTwo,whatarethepotentialpositiveimpactsofAIonthejobmarket?11.WhatmainconcerndocriticshaveaboutthewidespreadadoptionofAI,asmentionedinPassageTwo?12.WhatskillsdoesthepassagesuggestindividualsshouldfocusondevelopingtoadapttotheAIera?---試卷答案第一部分選詞填空1.While2.helpful3.spread4.immediately5.important6.kill7.which8.improve9.steps10.protect11.hand12.prevent13.beginning14.advice15.keep解析思路1.While:考查連詞。根據(jù)句意“雖然你可能意識不到，但細菌一直圍繞著你”，此處表示讓步或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，故用While。2.helpful:考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意“大多數(shù)細菌實際上是______的，甚至是有益的”，描述細菌的性質(zhì)，故用helpful（有益的）。3.spread:考查動詞。根據(jù)句意“細菌主要通過咳嗽、打噴嚏或說話在空氣中傳播”，此處指傳播的動作，故用spread（傳播）。4.immediately:考查副詞。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)你咳嗽或打噴嚏時，應(yīng)立即用紙巾捂住嘴鼻”，表示動作緊接著發(fā)生，故用immediately（立即）。5.important:考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意“洗手是保持健康的重要方法之一”，此處形容“方法”的重要性，故用important（重要的）。6.kill:考查動詞。根據(jù)句意“定期清潔可以幫助______污染表面的細菌”，此處指消滅細菌的動作，故用kill（殺死）。7.which:考查關(guān)系代詞。根據(jù)句意“重要的是要識別當(dāng)你感覺生病時的癥狀”，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代“癥狀”，從句中缺少主語，故用which。8.improve:考查動詞。根據(jù)句意“像開窗這樣的簡單動作可以______室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量”，此處指改善空氣質(zhì)量，故用improve（改善）。9.steps:考查名詞。根據(jù)句意“有幾種簡單的______可以減少細菌傳播”，此處指“步驟”，故用steps（步驟）。10.protect:考查動詞。根據(jù)句意“一些細菌會讓你生病，但你可以______自己”，此處指保護自己免受感染，故用protect（保護）。11.hand:考查名詞。根據(jù)句意“如果你沒有紙巾，請用肘部而不是手______”，此處指身體部位“手”，故用hand。12.prevent:考查動詞。根據(jù)句意“這些預(yù)防措施在______細菌傳播方面非常有效”，此處指阻止傳播，故用prevent（阻止）。13.beginning:考查名詞。根據(jù)句意“理解如何運作是保持健康______”，指“起點”或“基礎(chǔ)”，故用beginning（開始，起點）。14.advice:考查名詞。根據(jù)句意“如果你的癥狀嚴(yán)重，建議尋求醫(yī)療______”，指“建議”或“指導(dǎo)”，故用advice（建議）。15.keep:考查動詞。根據(jù)句意“通過遵循這些提示，你可以顯著______感染的風(fēng)險”，此處指降低或維持風(fēng)險，故用keep（保持，降低）。第二部分長篇閱讀1.B2.B3.C4.D5.E6.F解析思路1.B:問題詢問汽車主導(dǎo)型城市設(shè)計的缺點。段落B詳細描述了這些問題：“交通堵塞不僅浪費時間和燃料，而且對城市空氣污染有重大貢獻……過度依賴私家車也導(dǎo)致了公共運輸系統(tǒng)的衰落，使它們變得不太容易獲得和高效?！边@與問題核心一致。2.B:問題詢問汽車主導(dǎo)方式如何導(dǎo)致環(huán)境問題。段落B明確提到