高考英語一輪復習專項訓練閱讀理解及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Sleep,consideredaluxurybymany,isessentialforaperson'swellbeing.Researchershavefoundthatinsufficientsleepincreasesaperson'sriskofdevelopingseveremedicalconditions,suchasobesity,diabetes,andcardiovasculardiseases.Now,anewstudybyBoston'sMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.

JeffreyGrossman,wholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindthelinkbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutFitbitstothe100studentsinhisintroductiontoSolid-StateChemistryclass.Instead,theprofessorofComputationalMaterialsSciencehopedthepopularwrist-worndevicewhich,tracksaperson'sactivity24/7,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenphysicalexerciseandacademicachievement.

However,thestudy,publishedinthejournal“ScienceLearning”onOctober1,2019,discoveredasurprisinginsight.Thenwasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandhis/hergradeonthe11quizzes,threemidterms,andthefinalexamadministeredduringthesemester.

Evenmoreinteresting,itwasalsonotsufficientforstudentstojustheadtobedearlythenightbeforeatest.Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.

Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedintheearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.“Whenyougotobedmatters.Grossmansays.Ifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.”（1）Whatisthenewfindingaboutsleep?A.It'sessentialforaperson'shealth.B.Sleepinglessmaycauseobesity.C.Sleepingtoomuchisdangerous.D.Amplesleepleadstobettergrades.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Fitbits"inparagraph2referto?A.Wearabledevices.B.Questionnaires.C.Fitnessequipment.D.Smartphones.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefinalresultthenewstudy?A.Doubtful.B.Predictable.C.Disappointing.D.Unexpected.（4）Whatwillbenefitstudents'studyaccordingtoGrossman?A.Sleepingfor5hourseachday.B.Headingtobedat3a.meveryday.C.Gettingenoughsleepwhilelearning.D.Goingtobedearlyonlybeforeatest.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項新研究表明，睡眠質量不足除了對身體健康造成不良影響之外，也會對學習成績產生影響。好的睡眠質量是提高學習成績的關鍵。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Now,anewstudybyBoston'sMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.”現(xiàn)在，波士頓麻省理工學院的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，充足的睡眠也是提高學習成績的關鍵，可知關于睡眠的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是充足的睡眠會帶來更好的成績。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Instead,theprofessorofComputationalMaterialsSciencehopedthepopularwrist-worndevicewhichtracksaperson'sactivity24/7,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenphysicalexerciseandacademicachievement.”可知相反，這位計算材料科學的教授希望這個流行的腕帶設備能夠顯示出體育鍛煉和學術成就之間的聯(lián)系?？芍狥itbits指的是一種可以穿戴的設備。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“However,thestudy,publishedinthejournal“ScienceLearning”onOctober1,2019,discoveredasurprisinginsight.”然而，發(fā)表在2019年10月1日《科學學習》雜志上的這項研究卻有一個驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中surprising“令人驚奇的”可推知這項新研究的最終結果是讓人意想不到的。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.”相反，最重要的是你在學習期間的睡眠；以及最后一段中的“Whenyougotobedmatters.Grossmansays.Ifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.”什么時候睡覺很重要。Grossman說。如果你在2點以后睡覺，即使你睡了7個小時，你的表現(xiàn)也會開始下降。所以，數(shù)量并不是一切，可知Grossman認為學習時睡眠充足將有利于學生的學習。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。

2．閱讀理解

Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition(轉型).

Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.

Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.

Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.

Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.（1）Somerichcountriesaretryingto

.A.

dematerializemoneyB.

getridoftheside-effectsofcashC.

maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspeciesD.

promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins（2）Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow

.A.

thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesB.

thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworldC.

digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestoppedD.

Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment（3）Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause

.A.

youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallivesB.

suppliersaretryingtoreducecostsandobtainmoneyanddataC.

theinfrastructureisdevelopingatahighspeedindevelopedmarketsD.

financialfirmswanttoabandonold-fashionedcustomers（4）Theauthor'sattitudetowardsdigitalizedpaymentis

.A.

favorable

B.

negative

C.

objective

D.

indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，富裕國家正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,現(xiàn)金正在因為需求等原因消失。總的來說,無現(xiàn)金經濟的未來是個好消息,但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔憂。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.”可知,富裕國家正競相將支付非物質化；再根據(jù)第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％。結合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,也就是電子支付方式。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％；再根據(jù)“InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.”可知在中國,數(shù)字支付從2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中國的共同點是現(xiàn)金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為了說明數(shù)字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)...Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.”可知現(xiàn)金消失的一個重要原因就是諸如銀行和科技公司（在發(fā)達市場）和電信公司（在新興市場）之類的供應商正在開發(fā)快速,易于使用的支付技術,他們可以從中提取數(shù)據(jù)和小費。運行現(xiàn)金經濟背后的基礎架構需要付出高昂的成本,這些基礎設施包括自動取款機,載有紙幣的貨車,接受硬幣的出納員。大多數(shù)金融公司都渴望放棄它,或者以高昂的費用勸阻老式客戶。也就是供應商為了減少成本,獲取數(shù)據(jù)和小費,開發(fā)了更便捷的支付方式,導致現(xiàn)金支付的減少。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，,作者提到無現(xiàn)金支付即電子支付的好處,也提到電子支付引起的擔憂,對待電子支付是客觀的,故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion(萬億)connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.

ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.

Gervainisexcitedbythesefindingsbecausetheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwordsandgrammar."Positioniskeytolanguage,"shesays."Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”

ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.Theycarriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmericanbabies.Theyexpectedthefirstgroupwho'dwatchedvideosinChinesetoshowthesamekindoflearningasthesecondgroupwhowerebroughtface-to-facewiththesamesounds.Insteadtheyfoundahugedifference.ThebabiesinthesecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilarChinesesoundsaswellasnativelisteners.Buttheotherbabies－regardlessofwhethertheyhadwatchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio－learnednothing.（1）Whatmakesconnectionsinababy'sbrain?A.

HavingahigherIQ.

B.

Experiencingnewinformation.C.

Thebaby'earlyage.

D.

Theconnectionwithotherbabies.（2）WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?A.

Babiesidentifydifferentsoundpatterns.B.

Wordorderisrelevanttomeaning.C.

Babiescanwellunderstanddifferentwords.D.

Acertainbrainregionprocesseslanguage.（3）WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?A.

Grammarisimportantinlearninglanguages.B.

Differentordershavedifferentmeanings.C.

Differentlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.D.

Wordshavedifferentsounds.（4）WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?A.

Babiesshouldn'twatchalotoftelevision.B.

Listeningtodifferentlanguagesdevelopsbabies'brain.C.

Foreignlanguageshelpbabies'braindevelop.D.

Socialcommunicationimprovesbabies'braindevelopment.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文屬于科普文章，介紹小孩最初幾年的經歷對大腦發(fā)育很重要，而媒介輸入對孩子大腦發(fā)育效果不明顯，最有效的是面對面語言輸入。（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.可知，嬰兒接收到不同信息，可以讓大腦不同部分形成連接，故選B。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.可知，實驗表明嬰兒可以區(qū)別不同的聲音模式，故選A。（3）句意猜測題。根據(jù)第三段"Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:'Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”可知，有些東西放在句首和句尾，會有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一樣的，可知本句意思為位置對于語言來說很重要的，順序不同，意思不同，故選B。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.可知，通過電視、網絡等媒介的語言教學，對于嬰兒大腦發(fā)展是不夠的，并且后面的實驗表明，面對面的語言輸入才有效，故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和句意猜測三個題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關的：段落、語句，仔細品味，同時根據(jù)上下文進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Withfuelcostsrisingandairlinesfindingmorefeestoimposeontravelerseveryday,airfareisn'tgettinganycheaper.Sinceyoucan'tdrivetoallyourdreamdestinations,flyingistheonlywaytogosometimesand,undeniably,thefastest.Luckily,thereareplentyofwaystofindthemostaffordablefaresandalsoavoidpayingasmanyextrachargesaspossiblewhenyouplanahead.

Gettingthebestfare.AirlinesputouttheirfaresalesonTuesdaymorning,makingthisdaythebestdaytobookaflightforless.

Flyduringtheleastpopulartimes.Tuesday,WednesdayandSaturdayaretheslowestdaystofly,whichmeanscheaperdealsthantherestoftheweek.Youcanalsofindreducedratesonearlymorningflights,sincemanypeopledon'tliketogetupbeforethesuntogettotheairport.Earlierboardingtimescanalsoconsiderablycutdownyourchancesofgettingbumpedonanoverbookedflightordelayedbecauseofotherdelayedflightsormechanicalissues.

Chooseyourseatlater.Someairlineschargeyoutopickyourseatwhenyoubookonline,addingevenmoretothebottomlineofyourticketcost.Ifyoushowupearlyonyourtravelday,youcanstillgetsuitableseats.Someofthebestseatsgetheldbackuntilflightday,unlessothersarewillingtopayextraforthemaheadoftime,soyoustillhavethechanceatoneofthose.

Flyonholidays.Youalreadyknowthatsummeristhemostexpensivetimetofly,andeventhoughmostothertimesaremoreaffordable,thedayssurroundingholidayscanbecrazy.Savebigifyou'rewillingtotravelonmajorholidays,suchasThanksgivingandChristmas.

Don'twaituntilthelast-minutetobook.Manytravelersdon'tknowthatthere'sasweetspotforbookingandgettingthebestpriceonyourtickets.Booktooearlyortoolateandyoucouldenduppayingmorethanyouneedto.Thebesttimetobookisbetweenthreemonthsandsixweeksfromwhenyouwanttotravel.

AvoidingextrafeesAirlineswillchargeforjustaboutanythingthesedays.Somehaveeventoyedaroundwithchargingcustomersforusingtherestroom.Allthoseextrafeescancertainlyaddup,butthere'snoreasontopaythemifyoudon'thaveto.Herearesometipstokeepmoneyinyourwalletonceyougettotheairport.

Avoidtheupgradeit'snotnecessary.Sometimesupgradesarefree,butmostlyyouwillbechargedforseekingalast-minutebumptofirstclass,andthecostcanbehefty.

Flycarry-ononly.Baggagefeesvarywildly,butalmostallairlineschargethemandchargebig.Whypayforyourclothestoflywithyou?Ifeveryoneinyourtravelpartychecksabag,yourbillcanbeastronomicalbeforeyoueverevengettoyourdestination.It'seasytoreducetheamountofstuffyoupack:Makesureallyourclothingcoordinates,soyoucantakelessandstillmakemoreoutfitcombinations,takeonlytwopairofshoes,plantodoabitoflaundryonyourtripandbringonlytravel-sizedtoiletries.

Packyourownsnacks.Unlessyou'reflyinginternationally,it'srareyourflightcomeswithafreemeal.Snacksontheplanearenotcheapandalmostneverhealthy.Don'trelyonwhat'sonthesmallmenuandinsteadtucksomeofyourownsnacks—granolabars,homemademuffins,fruitandtrailmixallmakefantastictravelfoods—intoyourbagandeatalotbetter,andcheaper,thanotherpassengers.

Doyouhaveatriedandtruemethodofgettingthebestdealonyourflights?Letusknow.（1）Tuesdayisthebesttobookaticketatalowercostfor________.A.

fewerpeopletravelonTuesday.

B.

theflightsareslowerthanusual.C.

faresalesareusuallyannouncedonTuesday.

D.

flightsareseldomdelayedonTuesday.（2）Whichofthefollowingwillhelptocostyoulessforaflight?A.

BookyourflightonThursday.

B.

TravelsurroundingChristmas.C.

Pickyourseatthemomentyoubookonline.

D.

Bookearlymorningflights.（3）Theunderlinedword“hefty”herehasthesamemeaningas________.A.

large

B.

heavy

C.

fierce

D.

acceptable（4）Tosavethecostfortheflight,youshould________.A.

checkwhethertheupgradeisfreebeforeyoubumptothefirstclassB.

makesureyourclothesandshoesarefitforalotofwalkC.

shareyourownsnackswithotherpassengersD.

plantodothewashesonflight【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文講述了買到便宜的飛機票的幾個竅門。(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Gettingthebestfare.AirlinesputouttheirfaresalesonTuesdaymorning,makingthisdaythebestdaytobookaflightforless.可知，票價通常在星期二公布，所以這一天是以低價訂票的好時機。故選C。(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句Youcanalsofindreducedratesonearlymorningflights,sincemanypeopledon'tliketogetupbeforethesuntogettotheairport.可知，預訂早班航班將有助于你節(jié)省花費，因為早班機坐的人少，票價較便宜。故選D。(3)詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中Sometimesupgradesarefree,butmostlyyouwillbechargedforseekingalast-minutebumptofirstclass,andthecostcanbehefty.可知，升級座位只是有時候免費，但是大多數(shù)情況下，你會在最后一分鐘尋找頭等艙時被收費，而且成本是昂貴的，故選A。(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段Sometimesupgradesarefree,butmostlyyouwillbechargedforseekingalast-minutebumptofirstclass,andthecostcanbehefty.可知，升級座位只是有時候免費，所以在升級成頭等艙時要先確認。5．閱讀理解

83-year-oldAntonioVicentehasspentthelastfourdecadesofhislifefightingagainstthetrend.AsBrazilianlandownerscutdownrainforeststomakeroomforprofitableplantations(種植園)andcattlegrounds,hestruggledtobringthejunglesofhischildhoodbacktolife.

"WhenIwasachild,thepeasantscutdownthetreestomakegrasslandsandcharcoal,andthewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback,"hetoldthereporters,"Ithought:'Waterisvaluable,noonemakeswaterandthepopulationwillnotstopgrowing.Whatisgoingtohappen?Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.'"

Withonlysomedonkeysandasmallteamofhiredworkers,AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecameapermanentwayoflife,andAntoniorecallsoftenspendingwholedaysandnightsinhisyoungjungle,surroundedbyratsandfoxes,andeatingbananasandwichesforbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakeupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.

Astheforestgrew,thewaterreturned,andAntoniosaysthattherearenowover20water,sourcesonhislandthatwerenolongertherewhenheboughtit.Thentheanimalsstartedmakingahomethere.Today,theforestisalivewiththesoundsofbirdsandinsectslivingthere,andmorespeciesaresettlingineveryyear.

"Therearetoucans(巨嘴鳥),allkindsofbirds,squirrels,lizards,andeventheboarsarereturning,"83-year-oldVicentesays,"Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayallthisrighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed."（1）WhatdowelearnabouttheBrazilianpeasants?A.

Theywastedmuchwateronfarming.

B.

Theyfocusedonshort-termprofits.C.

Theycaredmuchabouttheenvironment.

D.

Theyreliedheavilyonrainforestsforaliving.（2）WhatusedtobeyoungAntonio'sbiggestconcern?A.

Overpopulation.

B.

Pollutedwater.

C.

Lossofgrasslands.

D.

Watershortage.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"haven"inParagraph3probablymean?A.

Trap

B.

Disaster

C.

Shelter

D.

Balance（4）Inthelastparagraph,Antoniomainlyexpresseshis

.A.

affectionforhisforest

B.

thanksforhisfamilyC.

deeploveforrarebirds

D.

prideasasuccessfulfarmer【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，83歲的安東尼奧?比森特在他生命的最后40年里一直在與這種趨勢作斗爭，他努力使童年的叢林恢復生機。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“WhenIwasachild,thepeasantscutdownthetreestomakegrasslandsandcharcoal,andthewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback,”---Whatisgoingtohappen?Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.'”可知Brazilian的農民關注的是短期的利益。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecameapermanentwayoflife”，可知年輕的Antonio最大的關注是水的短缺。故選D。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakeupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.”在最近40年，他在31公頃土地上種植了大約50,000棵樹，目前雖小但獨特的熱帶雨林地區(qū)是野生動物的天堂。由此推知劃線的意思是“遮蔽”，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Therearetoucans（巨嘴鳥）,allkindsofbirds,squirrels,lizards,andeventheboarsarereturning,”83-year-oldVicentesays.“Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayallthisrighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed.”可推知Antonio主要在表達他對森林的影響。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide"saidresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.

45percentofthespeciesstudiednowreachsmalleradultsizesthantheydidinthepast.Theresearcherspointedoutthatwarmertemperaturesandchanginghabitats,causedbyclimatechange,arepossiblereasonsforshrinkingcreatures.

"Wedonotyetknowthemechanisms(機制)involved,orwhysomeorganismaregettingsmallerwhileothersareunaffected,"theresearcherssaid."Untilweunderstandmore,wecouldberiskingnegativeconsequencesthatwecan'tyetquantify."

Thechangeisbigincold-bloodedanimals.Onlytwodecadesofwarmertemperaturesareenoughtomakeretiles(爬行動物)smaller.Anincreaseofonly1degreecentigradecausednearlya10percentincreaseinmetabolism(新陳代謝).Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.Fisharesmallernowtoo.Thoughoverfishinghasplayedapartinreducingnumbers,experimentsshowthatwarmertemperaturesalsostopfishgrowing.

Warm-bloodedanimalsaren'timmune(免除)fromthesizechangecausedbyclimatechange.Manybirdsarenowsmaller.Soaysheeparethinner.ReddeerareweakenAndpolarbearsaresmaller,comparedwithhistoricalrecords.

ThisisnotthefirsttimethishashappenedinEarth'shistory.55millionyearsago,awarmingeventsimilartothecurrentclimatechangecausedbees,spidersandantstoshrinkby50to75percentoverseveralthousandyears.Thateventhappenedoveralongertimethanthecurrentclimatechange.

Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.（1）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.

Whysomespeciesbecomesmaller.

B.

HowclimatechangesinEarth'shistory?C.

Climatechangehasmanynegativeeffects.

D.

Speciesarebecomingsmallerasclimategetswarmer.（2）Theunderlinedword"trumped"mthefirstparagraphprobablymean_________.A.

strengthened

B.

gained

C.

beaten

D.

equaled（3）ResearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporebelievethat________.A.

theyhavefoundtheexactcausesforcreaturesgettingsmaller

B.

alltheanimalsontheearthhavebecomesmallerC.

climatechangehasmorenegativeeffectsonwarm-bloodedanimals

D.

increaseinenergyusecanleadtocreaturesgettingsmaller（4）Whatdoestheauthorfeelabouttheclimatechange?A.

Disappointed

B.

Optimistic

C.

Worried

D.

Shameful【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了氣候變暖導致許多生物個體變小這一現(xiàn)象，氣候變化已對浮游生物產生了有害影響，人類需要盡快采取措施。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”可知科學家原來以為二氧化碳的增加會導致物種變大，但是氣候的變化讓物種反而變小。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”可知科學家原來以為二氧化碳的增加會導致物種變大，但是氣候的變化讓物種變小?？芍獨夂虻淖兓驍×硕趸紟淼挠绊?。故“beat”與該詞同義。選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.”可知大量使用的能源導致物種體型變小。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.”可知作者擔心現(xiàn)代氣候變化的速度太快導致有機體無法迅速做出回應。可知作者對氣候變化很擔心。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Thesettingwasapackedgymnasiumjustbeforethestartofagameagainstanotherschool.TherewerefivegirlswhoweremembersoftheDanvilleHighSchoolbasketballteam—allofthemstarters.Theywerenotinuniformtoplaythatnightandwouldnotbeontheteamfortherestofthisseason.Theyweretheretoadmittheirbreakingofteamrules.Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam.Theyweretheretoletthetownknowtherewasaproblemintheirlittlecommunitythatneededtobeaddressed.Andtheydiditwithsincereregretratherthandefensiveness.

WhiletheschoolhadbeenoutfortheNewYear'sholiday,thefivegirlshadgonetothepartywithseveraloftheirfriends.Therewasalcoholthere.Andtheyalldranksome.

CoachRainvillehasazerotoleranceruleondrugsandalcoholforhermembersthoughitwasaharddecisiontomake.Whenclassesresumedandaccountsofholidaypartieswereshared,rumorsaboutthefivegirlsbeganclosinginonthem.Thecoachsaidshecouldn'tbackdownonherrules.Andtheplayers—twojuniorstudentsandthreeseniorstudents—agreed.Thatnightinthegymwaspartoftheirpublicsupportofthecoach'sdecision.

“Wehopeyouwillunderstandthatwearenotbadkids.Whatwedidwasdefinitelynotworthit.Wehopethiseventwillmakeeveryon